Accumulation Strategies Research Articles

Challenges and Opportunities of Handicraft Production Among Afar Women: The Case of Aysaita District

Diversification is a matter of survival for most poor pastoralists, where as for the relatively wealthy pastoralists it is a strategy of accumulation or investment (Fiona, 2007). Both men & women pastoralists participate in income generating activities. However, their participation in income generation activities compounded with many constraints. This article explores the major challenges and opportunities of hand craft production among Afar women pastoralists. In a general term, the study employed descriptive research design. Consequently, survey questionnaire was administered for a total of 24 women pastoralist and agro pastoralist of Berga kebele.Handicraft production is an important source of income pastoralists (especially women). However, the potential of this commercial avenue has not been fully realized. Some reasons for this include; limited market, lack of storage and production areas, shortage of finance for the purchase of quality raw materials and production equipment; and lack of skills for improved production.Traditionally, handicrafts were only produced for household use and for gifts. The community has realized that tourists and other visitors are interested in buying these items and that they can generate an income. Household items, leatherwork, carpets and ropes and traditional weaponry are popular with visitors to the region. Most of the traditional handicrafts are produced using locally available palm tree leaves. The Afar mostly use brass or bronze to create jewelry.The Regional culture and tourism bureau should arrange cultural exhibitions and promote these cultural produces at federal and international levels that increase economic incomes of households and popularize their products.All stakeholders including women and Youth bureau, cooperative offices and pastoral agriculture development bureau should work in collaboration in order to create market linkage with other traders.Research Institutions and Development agents should work closely to solve raw materials shortages and make accessible for them in their locality. In general, there should urgently need to organize the producers, establish microfinance/ rural saving and lending systems and provide training on improved production techniques and to create market channels. This will secure a more stable livelihood for the Afar people. Keywords: Afar, Pastoralism, Pastoralist Handcraft, Production, Women pastoralist DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/59-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Paradoxes of white moral experience

Paradoxes of white moral experience

Model-assisted comparison of sugar accumulation patterns in ten fleshy fruits highlights differences between herbaceous and woody species.

Sugar concentration is a key determinant of fruit quality. Soluble sugars and starch concentrations in fruits vary greatly from one species to another. The aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences in sugar accumulation strategies across ten contrasting fruit species using a modelling approach. We developed a coarse-grained model of primary metabolism based on the description of the main metabolic and hydraulic processes (synthesis of compounds other than sugar and starch, synthesis and hydrolysis of starch, and water dilution) involved in the accumulation of soluble sugars during fruit development. Statistical analyses based on metabolic rates separated the species into six groups according to the rate of synthesis of compounds other than sugar and starch. Herbaceous species (cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pepper and strawberry) were characterized by a higher synthesis rate than woody species (apple, nectarine, clementine, grape and kiwifruit). Inspection of the dynamics of the processes involved in sugar accumulation revealed that net sugar importation, metabolism and dilution processes were remarkably synchronous in most herbaceous plants, whereas in kiwifruit, apple and nectarine, processes related to starch metabolism were temporally separated from other processes. Strawberry, clementine and grape showed a distinct dynamic compared with all other species. Overall, these results provide fresh insights into species-specific regulatory strategies and into the role of starch metabolism in the accumulation of soluble sugars in fleshy fruits. In particular, inter-specific differences in development period shape the co-ordination of metabolic processes and affect priorities for carbon allocation across species. The six metabolic groups identified by our analysis do not show a clear separation into climacteric and non-climacteric species, possibly suggesting that the metabolic processes related to sugar concentration are not greatly affected by ethylene-associated events.

Universities as financing vehicles of (sub)urbanisation: the development of university towns in Shanghai

This study examines the dynamics of university towns by focusing on the role of universities in China’s (sub)urbanisation. Based on statistical data, the spatial expansion of universities is recognised as an integral component of the capital accumulation strategy at the interface of higher education and urbanisation. An empirical study of Shanghai further details the land-tuition-leverage strategy, the financialisation of universities, and the final government bailouts. In these processes, universities functioned as a financing vehicle for (sub)urban development. Moreover, the financialisation of universities was motivated by opportunity-driven strategies, intertwined with central-local tensions, and it was implemented within the state system and through multiple state agencies. The paper thus suggests the importance of looking at diverse financial contexts, inter-scalar interactions, and concrete mechanisms for understanding the variegated forms of the financialisation of the state and (semi-)public institutions.

Soil-to-maize Transfer Factor of Natural Radionuclides in a Tropical Ecosystem of Nigeria

Soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) is a parameter utilized in predicting the accumulation of radionuclides in the plant system. Virgin soil from an uncultivated area and tailings from an abandoned tin mining site were used to formulate three soil groups. Group A (virgin soil only), group B (tailings only) and group C (equal mixture by mass of the virgin soil and tailings). Pot experiments were performed using the soil groups to determine the transfer factors of 40K, 238U and 232Th in maize (Zea mays L.) plants for the tropical ecosystem of Nigeria. The activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the soil groups and the maize plant compartments (seed, stem, leaf and root) were determined using NaI(Tl) gamma-detector. The geometric mean (GM) of the TF values for 40K, 238U and 232Th respectively ranged from 0.02 to 0.27, below detectable limit (BDL) to 0.008 and 0.01 to 0.09 in the in the seeds; 0.04 to 1.74, BDL to BDL and 0.01 to 0.29 in the stems; 0.03 to 0.93, BDL to 0.33 and 0.02 to 0.08 in the leaves and 0.03 to 1.29, 0.05 to 0.38 and 0.08 to 0.41 in the roots.. Potassium-40 had the highest TF values and exhibited the plant accumulation strategy for all the plant compartments. The stem samples had the highest TF for 40K and BDL values for 238U for all the soil groups. Significance differences were observed only in the accumulation of 40K and 232Th across the soil group.
 Keywords: Radioactivity, potassium, mining, Gamma-ray detectors, calibration

Análisis preliminar del proceso de reasentamiento del poblado de Chamela, Costa Sur de Jalisco

El turismo es una estrategia para la acumulación capitalista en los espacios rurales, al expulsar a las comunidades de sus territorios y despojarlas de sus medios de vida. En este artículo documentamos el caso de la reubicación de Chamela, un poblado en la zona litoral de Jalisco conformado por aproximadamente cincuenta familias de pescadores, las cuales fueron desalojadas para la construcción de un complejo turístico llamado Zafiro, que abarcará aproximadamente 910 hectáreas.El caso de Chamela, refleja cómo el reasentamiento por proyectos turísticos es una maniobra para romper con la estructura interna de la comunidad, socavar su autonomía económica y generar dependencia a estas empresas de servicios, que reconfiguran completamente el territorio en función de sus necesidades.

From the State to the Shareholder: Rent and the Production of Shareholder Value in Real Estate

AbstractFollowing the 2008 global financial crisis, the use of real estate tax credits to generate shareholder value for investors increased significantly. While tax credits are lauded as crucial to the delivery of social goods like affordable housing, the multiplier effects they supposedly generate fail to account for the hollowing out of the state that occurs as public funds are transferred to shareholders. Through a detailed case study of the historic tax credit industry in the United States, this research shows how many of the banks and financial institutions investing in tax credits have come to rely on overly engineered forms of landownership, deeply discounted credit pricing, and a wave of stock buybacks to boost their corporate profitability. This paper therefore develops a theoretical framework to understand taxation as a financialised accumulation strategy where the state serves as an important—if not problematic—source of real estate profit.

Mode of Production and Sustainability of Torani Fishermen Household Livelihoods in Takalar District

A livelihood strategy is fundamental in the lives of residents, including torani fishermen as an effort to survive or improve their standard of living. The sustainability of the torani fishermen’s livelihood pattern is related to the social formation in the mode of production (production power and production relations) that takes place. This research aims to analyze the relationship between the mode of production with a livelihood strategy that is carried out for the sustainability of torani fishermen in Takalar district. This research develops a pospositivistic paradigm of descriptive research through a qualitative method using a case study design. Data was collected and analyzed according to the instructions of qualitative research through three stages of activities, namely 1). Data reduction 2). Data exposure and 3). Conclusion and verification. The results of the study indicate that the mode of production that takes place in the torani fishing community is the capitalist mode of production and the non-capitalist mode of production, where the capitalist mode of production dominates the non-capitalist mode of production. The two modes of production provide different income results and become the basis for making a choice of livelihood strategies. Some choices of livelihood strategies that have been carried out are survival strategies, consolidation strategies, accumulation strategies and diversification strategy

Strategies of Flexible Accumulation and Perceived Employment Insecurity: Is There a Connection?

Existing research on perceived employment insecurity tends to focus on perceptions of job insecurity (a worker’s perception of how vulnerable their position is with their current employer). This study examines perceived labor market insecurity (a worker’s assessment of their job prospects in the broader labor market) alongside perceived job insecurity. The author uses individual-level General Social Survey and publicly available state-level data from 1977 to 2012 to determine and identify strategies of flexible accumulation (e.g., deindustrialization, deunionization, and financialization) that may be associated with these outcomes. The findings indicate that these strategies are associated with greater levels of perceived job insecurity but are not significant for perceived labor market insecurity, which is only positively associated with unemployment at the state level. The author also finds that individual-level factors such as income and part-time status have differing effects for each outcome. In a time characterized by higher levels of employer-employee detachment, these findings have important implications for the study of employment insecurity.

Foliar uptake of dew in the sandy ecosystem of the Mongolia Plateau: A life-sustaining and carbon accumulation strategy shared differently by C3 and C4 grasses

Dew is an important source of available water in arid or semi-arid areas and considerable attention has focused upon whether foliar dew uptake occurs. Nonetheless, its occurrence and effects on plant growth in the sand-based ecosystems of the Mongolia Plateau are largely unknown. We performed laboratory experiments and conducted a three-year field investigation of dew in the Hunshandak sandland, northern China. Dew yield was determined by a weighing method. The ecological significance of dew was evaluated by measuring isotopes in the field, leaf water content, photosynthesis and the biomass of drought-stressed plants exposed to dew. Nights producing dew comprised 53% of those between June and October when the atmospheric relative humidity was higher than 80% and wind speed was lower than 4.0 m s−1. Dew yield averaged 0.15 mm night−1 and its maximum value was 0.30 mm night−1. When exposed to dew, drought-stressed plants increased leaf relative water content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) between 5-76% and 5-240% for C3 plants, and 3–18% and 5–109% for C4 plants. Dew produced more root and total biomass (15–81% and 24–82%) in C4 species than in C3 species (3–28% and 5–25%). Regular dew events on five or more consecutive nights in seven days can sustain C3 species, while C4 species accumulate more carbon resources. This study found that the high dew yield in arenicolous ecosystems was due to the soil matrix and environmental differences in the neighboring steppe ecosystem. C4 species and drought resistant C3 species displayed higher efficiency for dew utilization than the moderately drought resistant C3 species. This may affect the plant community's dynamic and ecological interactions in response to future climate change.

Mitigating excessive ammonia nitrogen in chicken farm flushing wastewater by mixing strategy for nutrient removal and lipid accumulation in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana

This study aimed to evaluate algal growth, lipid production, and nutrient removal in chicken farm flushing wastewater (CFFW). The excessive ammonia nitrogen (EAN) content in the CFFW wastewater represented a major factor limiting the algal growth. A strategy of mixing CFFW with municipal wastewater (MW) that contained less ammonia nitrogen was adopted. The results showed that the mixed wastewaters reduced ammonia nitrogen content, balanced nutrient profile, and promoted biomass production. The residual nutrients in mixed wastewaters were significantly reduced due to the algal absorption. Furthermore, alga grown on mixed wastewaters accumulated a higher level of total lipids and monounsaturated fatty acids that can be used for biodiesel production. The key issue of low biomass yield of algal grown on CFFW due to the inhibition of EAN was efficiently resolved by mitigating limiting factor to algal growth basing on mixing strategy, and accordingly the nutrients in the wastewater were significantly removed.

A Contested Commons: Competition for Public Land in the Free State

This paper traces the history of the ‘Butleng’ commonage in the Free State, South Africa. Commonage is municipally owned land available for public use. The post-apartheid government provided grants for the purchase of commonage to assist poor township residents and to provide a ‘stepping stone’ for emerging Black farmers. This article outlines how plans for collective control and use of the commonage have been overwhelmed by individual accumulation strategies, which illustrate tensions within the township, notably class differentiation and gendered claims to economic resources. An emerging township elite, centred on the batho ba sebeletsang mmuso (those who work for government), quickly prevailed over attempts by the baruri ba kgale (old rich/influential) township residents and White officials to implement a managed commonage programme. Plans for managed grazing were scuppered when fences across much of the area were cut, allowing uncontrolled access. Competition for land saw women pushed aside, with land allocated for horticultural projects overrun by cattle owners. An occupation of commonage land for stands (allocated spaces for residential buildings), primarily by backyard shack dwellers, posed a direct challenge to the authority of the African National Congress-run municipality and the squatters were evicted. Some parts of the commonage have, for complex reasons, remained fenced and are therefore assets available for individual farming. Attempts to maintain public control over these fields or camps have also failed, with occupational titles/rights opaque and linked to connections within the local state. The failure to manage or develop the commonage collectively has resulted in a process of creeping privatisation. Attempts to democratically organise communities for sustainable development have proved no match for individualistic accumulation strategies championed by interest groups formed around new configurations of power. The article underlines how the transformation of South African society, including land reform, needs to take cognisance of the sociological terrain.

Liquidity Preference, Capital Accumulation and Investment Financing: Fernando Cardim de Carvalho’s Contributions to the Post-Keynesian Paradigm

ABSTRACT This paper assesses the main theoretical contributions by Fernando Cardim de Carvalho to the post-Keynesian Economics Paradigm: his elucidation of the fundamental principles that define the concept of a monetary production economy; his analysis of decision-making under non-probabilistic uncertainty; his development of a portfolio choice theory in which the decision to invest is regarded as one of possible wealth accumulation strategies; his liquidity preference theory, including its application to banks’ portfolio allocations under uncertainty; and finally his analysis of the finance-funding circuit and its implications for the functioning of monetary economies.

Geological controls on coalbed methane accumulation and optimisation strategy for gas productivity: a case study in eastern Ordos Basin, China

Drainage conditions can significantly affect the coalbed methane (CBM) production, which is accomplished by reducing the gas partial pressure in the coal seam. This can be achieved by pumping the formation water or gas injection. In this study, the Baode region is selected to study the drainage conditions and production characteristics on the early stage of CBM production. The temporal trends of water production, wellhead pressure and gas production have been analysed. Results show that the favourable burial depth for CBM accumulation between 500 and 700 m. Sandy mudstone and mudstone are beneficial to CBM preservation. The wellhead pressure should be maintained between 0.4 MPa and 1.0 MPa, and the optimal range of wellhead pressure lies between 0.5 and 0.8 MPa for stable production. The gas production increases with increased water production when the wellhead pressure has become progressively stable in the middle phase of early stage. [Received: September 9, 2018; Accepted: October 24, 2018]

Geological controls on coalbed methane accumulation and optimisation strategy for gas productivity: a case study in eastern Ordos Basin, China

Geological controls on coalbed methane accumulation and optimisation strategy for gas productivity: a case study in eastern Ordos Basin, China

Between neoliberal appetence and environmentalist reservations: the political economy of sustainable aviation

As the environmental crisis calls for a state of emergency in dealing with urgent problems like climate change, which is caused by emissions of the gasses that have a greenhouse effect, the contradictory nature of the relationship between growth-dependent neoliberal capital accumulation strategy and environmental commitments becomes more evident. To support this argument, this article analyses the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration from 1958 to the present with the ARIMA (4, 1, 12) model, and shows that the forecasted carbon dioxide concentration would reach unsustainable levels. Therefore, it is argued that without serious policy intervention, leaving the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration at the mercy of the market means that the levels of carbon dioxide concentration in the future would significantly endanger natural life. The article discusses this argument in relation to the concept of sustainable aviation that given the future market forecasts of both global airlines and major aircraft manufacturers, and ICAO's reports, it is not possible to combine environmental concerns with existing growth strategies.

A Summary of Producing Acetoin by Biological Method

Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) is an important frankincense flavor and 4-carbon platform compound, which is widely used in food, daily chemical, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, it has proposed more food safety High requirements. At present, the US JM Company, German BASF Company and Japan's Xinda Company mainly produce 3-hydroxybutanone in the world. At present, its production method is mainly based on chemical synthesis. The process has serious pollution, complex process, unstable product quality, and limited raw material sources. Biological method has abundant raw material sources and can be regenerated, environmentally friendly process, mild conditions, and products. High quality and other advantages have attracted attention. At present, there is no report on the scale production of 3-hydroxybutanone by biological method at home and abroad. Coming from the pressures of population, resources, environment, etc., the traditional chemical industry using fossil resources as raw materials is bound to be gradually replaced by new and environmentally friendly biochemical industries using renewable resources as raw materials. Carrying out environmentally friendly, abundant sources of raw materials, mild conditions, products can be regarded as pure natural microbial fermentation technology to produce 3-hydroxybutanone technology has broad prospects for promotion and application. This article summarizes the research status of the production of 3-hydroxybutanone by biological methods, including 3-hydroxybutanone producing strains, 3-hydroxybutanone synthesis pathway, 3-hydroxybutanone decomposition pathway, metabolic mechanism and related enzymes, metabolic regulation Mechanism and efficient accumulation strategy of 3-hydroxybutanone.

Sustainable high-voltage source based on triboelectric nanogenerator with a charge accumulation strategy

Sustainable high-voltage TENG (SH-TENG) based on charge accumulation strategy can provide an unprecedented high voltage output.

Between neoliberal appetence and environmentalist reservations: the political economy of sustainable aviation

As the environmental crisis calls for a state of emergency in dealing with urgent problems like climate change, which is caused by emissions of the gasses that have a greenhouse effect, the contradictory nature of the relationship between growth-dependent neoliberal capital accumulation strategy and environmental commitments becomes more evident. To support this argument, this article analyses the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration from 1958 to the present with the ARIMA (4, 1, 12) model, and shows that the forecasted carbon dioxide concentration would reach unsustainable levels. Therefore, it is argued that without serious policy intervention, leaving the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration at the mercy of the market means that the levels of carbon dioxide concentration in the future would significantly endanger natural life. The article discusses this argument in relation to the concept of sustainable aviation that given the future market forecasts of both global airlines and major aircraft manufacturers, and ICAO's reports, it is not possible to combine environmental concerns with existing growth strategies.

Bengali License Plate Detection using Viola-Jones Algorithm

Image classification has been a rapidly developing field over the previous decade, and the utilization of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and other deep learning techniques is developing rapidly. However, CNNs are compute-intensive. Another algorithm which was broadly utilized and keeps on being utilized is the Viola-Jones algorithm. Viola-Jones adopts an accumulation strategy. This means Viola-Jones utilizes a wide range of classifiers, each looking at a different part of the image. Every individual classifier is more fragile than the last classifier since it is taking in fewer data. At the point when the outcomes from every classifier are joined, be that as it may, they produce a solid classifier. In this paper, we would like to develop a model that will be able to detect the Bengali license plates of, using the Viola-Jones Algorithm with better precision. It can be utilized for various purposes like roadside help, road safety, parking management, etc