Accumulation Of Certain Elements Research Articles

Response of selected nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo' to Nemafric-BL phytonematicide

Nemafric-BL phytonematicide is a potent plant-based nematicide which consistently suppress nematode population densities of root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes on various crops, but with limited information on its effects on foliar nutrient elements in sweet potato. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide on accumulation of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. 'Bophelo' under greenhouse conditions in Limpopo Province, South Africa, during autumn (February-April) in 2021 and validated in 2022. The product was applied weekly at geometric concentrations, with mature leaves collected and prepared for analysis of nutrient elements at eight weeks. Seasonal interactions were not significant and therefore data were pooled (n = 70) and then subjected to the Curve-fitting Allelochemical Response Dose (CARD) algorithm computer model. Iron (R2 = 0.86), K (0.91) and Na (0.82) versus Nemafric-BL phytonematicide each exhibited negative quadratic relations, whereas Zn (0.83) versus the product exhibited positive quadratic relations. In all test elements, the CARD-generated biological indices illustrated that the accumulation of elements was highly sensitive to the concentration of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide. In conclusion, in sweet potato production, the application of Nemafric-BL phytonematicide can inhibit (Fe, K) and stimulate (Zn) the accumulation of certain elements in leaf tissues of sweet potato cv. ′Bophelo‵.

УСЛОВИЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ КОММУНАЛЬНО-БЫТОВЫХ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД В БОЛОТНЫХ ЭКОСИСТЕМАХ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОБСКОГО БОЛОТА, ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ)

Актуальность. Проблема охраны и использования болот является весьма актуальной во всем мире, в том числе в Западной Сибири, на территории которой добывается значительная часть углеводородного сырья в Российской Федерации, что сопровождается изменением окружающей среды, в том числе и болотных экосистем. В свою очередь, это определяет необходимость разработки методологии и технологий природоохранных мероприятий на болотах, подвергающихся антропогенному воздействию. В рамках такой методологии требуется достоверная оценка изменений состояния болотной экосистемы под влиянием поступления веществ антропогенного происхождения. Цель: анализ и обоснование условий трансформации коммунально-бытовых сточных вод в низинном болоте на примере типичного для Западной Сибири евтрофного Обского болота. Методы. Химический и микробиологический составы вод и торфов исследовались в Проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории гидрогеохимии (ТПУ), зарегистрированной в Системе аналитических лабораторий Госстандарта России. Для проведения полного химического анализа использовались традиционные методы. Микробиологический анализ производили после отбора проб, как правило, в течение суток. Доставка проб в лабораторию осуществлялась в сумке-холодильнике. Для выявления микроорганизмов использовали жидкие и твердые элективные питательные среды. Микрокомпонентный состав определялся при помощи масс-спектрометрического метода с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (ICP-MS). Структурно-групповой состав растворенных органических веществ изучался методом хромато-масс-спектрометрии в лаборатории разработки месторождений нефти и газа (ТПУ). Для изучения гидрогеохимических процессов применялись статистические методы и математическое моделирование. Результаты и выводы. Установлено, что болотные воды относительно ПДК характеризуются повышенными содержаниями органических веществ, продуктов их трансформации, а также некоторых химических элементов, с которыми органические вещества способны образовывать комплексы. Среди растворенных органических соединений в болотных водах доминируют сложные эфиры, карбоновые кислоты, которые способствуют не только накоплению некоторых элементов (Ni, Ba) в водах, но и развитию микроорганизмов. Показано, что накопление веществ, поступающих с коммунально-бытовыми сточными водами с. Мельниково, происходит в основном на границе деятельного и инертного горизонтов торфяной залежи. Показано, что сброс коммунально-бытовых сточных вод в болото (с. Мельниково) не приводит к существенному изменению химического состава болотных вод, а антропогенное воздействие лимитируется микробиологическими и геохимическими условиями в болоте. На основе полученных данных предложено скорректировать природоохранные мероприятия, ограничивающие рост заболоченности территорий за счет увеличения лесных угодий вследствие осушительных мелиораций и дополнительного внесения соединений азота и кальция, входящих в состав сточных вод жилищно-коммунального хозяйства и нефтегазодобывающего комплекса.

Elemental Analysis of Egyption Phosphate Fertilizer Components Samples by TGA, DTA and IR Methodes

The accumulation of certain elements in vitally important media such as water, soil, and food is undesirable from the medical point of view. It is clear that the fertilizers vary widely in their heavy metals and uranium content in the phosphate fertilizer and its components collected from Abu-Zaabaland Abu-Tarturfertilizers and chemical industries in egypt and are elementally analyzed. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the concentration of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn (environmental pollutants i.e. toxicelements), and Co, K, Mg, Mn, Na (common elements) in phosphate rocks used for production of fertilizer.Thedata showed major concentrations of 17 elements (P , S , Ca ,Ti , V , Mn , Fe, Zn, As, Sr , Y andZr) and rare-earth element ( Rh, Pr , Gd , Tb and Tm ).The results for the input raw material rock phosphate and the output product as final fertilizerarepresentedanddiscussed.Phosphate rock belongs mainly to sedimentary, slightly to igneous, and negligibly to metamorphic rocks. It isused for the production of phosphorous based fertilizers, acids, detergents and many products of commonuse. The rock is mainly composed of phosphorous and minutely of many other elements. Phosphate Rock samples of local origin were collected from the geological rock formations around the New Valley Governorate were obtained from theAbu-Tartur fertilizer factories. Analysis of phosphate rock for all the elements of interest was carried out with IR Spectroscopy analysis Tanta University Model FT.IR Tensor 27BruKer (5000 cm -1 – 200 cm -1 ). The results showed that heavy metalcontent was lower in Abu-Tartur phosphate than that in imported rock and were below the safe limits with theexception of lead whose concentration was found to be higher in local phosphate deposits than that inimported rock samples. Phosphate rock is a source of heavy metal pollution of air, soil, water, food chain etc,therefore requires removal of heavy metals (HMs) from the rock prior to its use.This work has shown that compounds with phosphatestructures can

Graveyards — Special landfills

Graveyards have been a matter of controversial debate for many years in terms of the risk they pose to the environment. However, literature data are inconclusive and there are no systematic studies available from modern graveyards with special reference to soil found in the vicinity of the coffin. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to systematically investigate a comprehensive exhumation series (involving 40 graves) in order to determine burial-related changes in matter and element content.Human burials lead to the accumulation of certain elements, with higher than normal levels of N, C, Zn, Ba, Ca and Na being observed in soils below coffins.Decomposition material inside coffins has much higher levels of heavy metals and alkaline elements than the surrounding soil. However, the major problem observed was the large quantity of synthetic bedding material which is more likely to lead to the formation of adipocere under the moist conditions given. Adipocere formation, which is the result of the anaerobic bacterial hydrolysis of fat, is known to interrupt the natural decomposition process and delay the post-mortem release of elements.We assume that once the inhumed matter has completely decomposed, much higher than normal levels of pollutants will be released into and have an ecological effect on the soil and water environment.

Biomonitoring of chemical elements in an urban environment using arboreal and bush plant species

The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using several bush and arboreal plant species, usually present as ornamental plants in street and parks, as environmental indicators of pollution. This is a research paper that evaluates the real possibility of using a fast and low-cost procedure to evaluate the pollution degree through data obtained from plant species growing within an urban environment. Leaves of six different bush and arboreal species were collected from different parts of Madrid (Spain), ranging from highly polluted considered areas to medium and low contaminated ones. A total of 66 chemical elements, from major to minor and trace, were determined for every leaf sample by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses were carried out using mainly box and whisker plots, linear discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. The pollution by different elements of the studied areas of Madrid cannot be considered generally dangerous for human health. The level detected for the contaminants, in general, is similar or lower than other urban cities. Pb and V concentrations in plant samples tend to increase as traffic density increases. The different studied plant species showed a different capability of accumulation of certain elements. Cedrus deodara accumulates specially Ag, Hg, Mo and V; Cupressus sempervirens, Zr; Pinus pinea, As and Sb; Nerium oleander Ni, Pb, Mo and Se; Ligustrum ovalifolium, Sc and V; and Pittosporum tobira, Ag, Cd, Rb and Sc. The leaves and needles collected from bush and arboreal plants common in this city have demonstrated to be useful to evaluate the level of pollution not only through the chemical analysis but also through the recognition of the visual injury symptoms. The application of multivariate statistical techniques combined with determining of element concentration and correlation analysis has been proved to be an effective tool for reach the objectives of the present work. This allows visualising quickly the damages and leading the sampling through the points of high-level pollution, saving analysis, time and money.

Effect of exposure time on the bioaccumulation of Cd, Mg, Mn and Zn in Cystoseira abies‐marina samples subject to shallow water hydrothermal activity in São Miguel (Azores)

AbstractShallow water hydrothermal vents can be compared to polluted places due to high concentrations of heavy metals, and are thus good models for bioaccumulation studies. The present study intended to estimate the time of exposure required for the accumulation of certain elements to stabilize in specimens of Cystoseira abies‐marina, to be used as a reference in future work. Cystoseira abies‐marina intertidal specimens were transplanted from Mosteiros (a non‐hydrothermal and pristine site) to Ferraria (with hydrothermal activity) and left there. Transplanted samples were collected after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and the concentrations of Cd, Mg, Mn and Zn were measured through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Although further studies with increased periods of exposure are needed because the concentration of these elements never stabilized in the collected samples, there is strong evidence that increased time of exposure led to increased concentrations of Cd, Mg, Mn, but not Zn. These results are consistent with the assumption that C. abies‐marina is bioaccumulating some of the heavy metals and can thus be a good indicator for polluted waters.

Analysis of selected fertilizers imported to Libya for major, minor, trace and toxic elements using ICP-OES and INAA

The concentration of 35 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Si, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, Yb, Zn and Zr) in six different imported, NPK, NP and K fertilizers were determined by ICP-OES in two different laboratories and by INAA. The fertilizers were labeled as 24/12 (Belgium), 46/18 (Morocco), 50% ammonium sulfate 50% K2O (Belgium), New 24/12 (Belgium), 16.8.24 (France) and 17.17.17 (France). It is clear that these fertilizers vary widely in their heavy metals and uranium content, and the accumulation of certain elements in vitally important media such as water, soil and food is undesirable from the medical point of view. The results obtained were acceptable and intercomparison between various methods was carried out.

Differential host utilization by two parasites in a population of ponderosa pine.

We compared phloem characteristics of individual Pinus ponderosa attacked by the dwarf-mistletoe Arceuthobium vaginatum (Viscaceae) or by the beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (Scolytidae) or by neither species. We quantified total nonstructural carbohydrates and a broad range of chemical elements for these three categories of trees. There were significant differences between trees parasitized by Arceuthobium, trees parasitized by Dendroctonus, and non-infected trees. Discriminant function analysis of trees attacked by either Arceuthobium or Dendroctonus correctly predicted group membership for 59 of 60 trees tested. Some of the differences detected may be induced, but many probably are not. Given that the accumulation of certain elements and compounds is under genetic control, and that both parasites often cause severe reductions in fitness, including death of their host, our results suggest that the two parasites may generate diversifying selection in ponderosa pine populations.

Elemental analyses of leaf litter and sediments at three cove sites varying in their water quality inputs in lake wallenpaupack, Pennsylvania, USA

Abstract White oak (Quercus alba) and red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves were submerged in mesh baskets at three cove sites varying in their water quality inputs at Lake Wallenpaupack in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Cove 1 is surrounded primarily by a wetland preserve, cove 2 is surrounded by dense housing and in‐ground septic systems, and cove 3 receives agricultural runoff input. Leaves and sediment samples were collected at two‐week intervals and energy dispersive x‐ray microanalysis was performed semi’ quantitatively for major elemental constituents above atomic number 11. Leaf litter trace elements and sediment chemistry were analyzed by the testing laboratories of the Pennsylvania State University using IC plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy and ion specific probes, respectively. Leaf litter of both species in cove 1 was found to contain lower concentrations of Mn, Fe, Pb, and Zn as compared to litter from coves 2 and 3. Cove 1 leaf litter was often lower in P, S, and Cu compared that from cove 2 and 3. Sediments from coves 2 and 3 were higher in percent organic matter, nitrogen constituents, and several metals such as Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, and Cd. It is suggested that these metals have accumulated to a greater degree at coves 2 and 3 due to deposition of particulate runoff and bioaccumulation. The accumulation of certain elements (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu) in both sediment samples and leaf litter at the two anthropogenically disturbed sites suggests that local sediment and water quality conditions may influence elemental content of leaf litter.

High accumulation of elements in the kidney of the marine bivalve Cyclosunetta menstrualis.

Distribution of eighteen elements in the soft part of the marine bivalve Cyclosunetta menstrualis was examined by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The highest concentra-tion was found in the kidney for Mg, Ca, Sr, P, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Sn and Pb. Especially, the manganese concentration in the kidney was 6820±1760μg/g wet weight, which accounted for more than 90 percent of the total manganese in the soft part.Exttacellular granules of various sizes were observed in the lumen of the kidney tubules by light and electron microscopy. The scanning electron micrograph indicated that large sized granules (10-200μm) were composed of numerous fine (0.1-1.0μm) and small (1.0-10μm) sized granules. Many spherical substances and black concentric layers were observed inside the large granules. The granules contained extremely high levels of Mg, Ca, P, Mn, Fe, Zn etc. For example, the concentrations of manganese and zinc in the dried granules were 44200±15600μg/g and 22800±1600μg/g, respectively. It was concluded that the high accumulation of certain elements in the kidney resulted From the existence of metal-containing granules.