Metal Accumulation Levels Research Articles

Accumulation and Environmental Risk on Heavy Metal Pollution in Bottom Sediments of Surface Waters in Xiao Qinling Gold Mine Belt, China

Heavy metals accumulation in river sediments can reflect the environmental quality of river waters. Its of practical significance to study the accumulation level of heavy metals in river sediments and its environmental risk. this thesis study on the heavy metals accumulation in river sediments of three typical river of Xiao qinling gold mine area, and the results showed that the mercury, lead , zine, cadmium and copper elements are characteristic contaminations, respectively. In Shuangqiao river, the average values of mercury, lead , copper and zine were 94·72, 25.34, 3388.67, 376.77 and 675.90 mg·kg-1, the five elements show the larger variety in tong river and Shuangqiao river than the oher five rivers. respectively. The environmental risk assessment by using geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that these seven rivers a high-very high rank environmental risk of heavy metals accumulation in river sediments, the environmental risk probability orders of seven river sediments is Tong river > Shuangqiao river> Xijian river > Yiluo river> Sha river > Zaoxiang river> Yangping river . and there was highest environmental risk in Eolian loess area. So There are the probability of achieving higher risk than now if local government wouldnt Adopt effectively manage measure river to rivers.

Metal accumulation in sediments and biota in Malta Reservoir (Poland)

AbstractMunicipal water reservoirs improve urban landscape architecture, providing water for various domestic uses. At the same time, they are under strong human impact affecting water quality and biological conditions. We investigated the level of metal accumulation (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in sediments as well as mussels Anodonta anatina and Unio tumidus and common reed Phragmites australis collected from 8 sampling sites at Malta Reservoir (Poznań, Poland) just before the complete drainage of the lake in November, 2012. In all investigated samples metal concentrations ranked in decreasing order: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>Co>Cd. Accumulation of toxic metals in roots of P. australis was higher than in soft tissues of mussels although it did not exceed phytotoxic levels. Roots of P. australis accumulated high levels of Cr (mean 9.7 μg g-1) and Ni (mean 5.7 μg g-1). U. tumidus accumulated higher concentrations of Cr (mean 1.1 μg g-1) than A. anatina indicating potential use in bioindication of this metal. The present study provides the most recent information on metal content in sediments and biota in Malta Reservoir and, further, suggests that this reservoir is capable of accumulating toxic elements from preceding water bodies (Lake Swarzędz) and surrounding residential areas.

MURAT NEHRİ'NDE YAKALANAN Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)'NIN KAS DOKUSUNDA BAZI METALLERİN BİRİKİM KONSANTRASYONLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

In this study, it was aimed to determine the levels of mangane (Mn), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co) in muscle of 37 Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) caught in Murat River (Bingol, Genc) between November 2010 - June 2011. Accumulation levels of metals were detected from the kind of ppm by using device of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Cr and Cd were not found in detectable levels in any muscles according to results obtained by AAS. Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn and Co were found in all muscles examined. The results shows that muscle tissues weren’t excess of maximum acceptable limits that are defined by the Ministry of Agriculture and World Health Organization. Because they exist in fish tissue under receptable metal levels, it was determined that they are not dangerous for human healty.

English

  The microbial dried biomass of Thraustochytrids is used as bioadsorbent for the removal of the chromium in aqueous solution. In this investigation, three species ofThraustochydrids namely Aplanochytrium sp., Thraustochytrium sp. andSchizochytrium sp. were tested for the efficiency of chromium accumulation by culturing in chromium-incorporated medium at 30°C for one week incubation. The biomass was harvested by filtration through Whatman no.1 filter paper. The level of metal accumulation in the biomass was determined by using an inductively coupled plasma system (ICP- Optical Emission Spectrophotometer; Optima 2100DV). Finally, among the three strains, Aplanochytrium spp. was selected for the adsorption kinetics and optimization using response surface methodology. Optimization of chromium removal by dried microbial biomass was analyzed with important factors of different pH, adsorbent dosage (Aplanochytrium dried biomass), temperature and processing time with 30 batch experimental plan derived from the centre composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology. Aplanochytrium sp. dried biomass removed chromium of 69.4% in aqueous solution. Therefore, Aplanochytrium sp. dried biomass is potent for the removal of chromium in waste water treatment.   Key words: Mangroves, chromium removal, Aplanochytrium sp., biosorption, waste water treatment

Biotic Ligand Models for Metals—A Practical Application in the Revision of Water Quality Standards in China

T current water quality standards (WQS) in China were issued in 2002. 1 According to the surface water environmental function classification and protection target, all surface waters are divided into five classes. Class I waters generally have the most stringent WQS and Class V the least stringent. The WQS have played an important role in China. However, they need to be updated to better reflect the latest advances in research, and regional water quality characteristics of Chinese waters. Chinese regulators are planning to begin revisions to the national WQS by the end of year 2012. Because there is currently no scientific research being directed at the development of water quality criteria (WQC) or WQS that are specific to China, a common approach is to build upon the successful WQC experiences of other countries. 2 To some extent, current WQS for some chemicals might under-protect or overprotect freshwater aquatic species. 3 The reason is that many WQS fail to consider how site-specific water chemistry influences the bioavailability and toxicity of chemicals to aquatic life. So, it is imperative to carry out WQC research to support the updating of WQS in China. A bioavailability-based method should be used to harmonize the approach for setting WQS for metals in China with the current understanding of how water quality influences the effects of metals on aquatic organisms. Efforts to incorporate the influence of water chemistry on metal bioavailability into the derivation of updated WQC are ongoing throughout the world. One approach for doing so is to use the biotic ligand model (BLM). The BLM allows metal− organism interactions to be taken into account and, given sitespecific information on water chemistry, to evaluate the dissolved metal concentration associated with a critical level of metal accumulation that is toxic to an organism. The BLM serves as a powerful tool for predicting metal toxicity because it accounts for the concurrent influences of several environmental factors that alter site-specific metal bioavailability to an organism. The influence of water chemistry on metal bioavailability and effects has been reflected in updated regulations in several countries. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has already adopted a BLM-based WQC for copper. 4 The copper-BLM has been applied to several organisms at different trophic levels. Incorporation of the copper-BLM into EPA’s copper-WQC is based on an acute toxicity BLM. The European Union (EU) has launched a European Union Water Framework Directive. WQC for copper and other metals that have been developed for use within this regulatory framework are typically based on site-specific effect levels that are evaluated by means of chronic BLMs. To date, the BLM has not been widely used in WQC research in China, and only a few studies have attempted to use BLMs to predict metal toxicity in surface waters. Therefore, it is necessary for Chinese scientists to begin to apply currently available BLMs for metals to Chinese waters and to conduct the research that will be needed to implement updated WQC for metals, especially for nickel, copper and zinc, over concentration ranges that reflect water quality characteristics of Chinese waters. There are several reasons why it will be a great challenge to apply BLMs to Chinese waters. First, the physicochemical properties of Chinese surface waters are somewhat unique. As one example, eutrophication is a serious problem in some inland lakes and rivers, such as Lake Taihu, which means concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and other parameters will likely be elevated. There are also other regional differences in water chemistry (e.g., pH and hardness), and these geochemical boundaries need to be considered when using the BLM as well. Given the relatively “clean”, less eutrophic characteristics of EU and U.S. freshwaters, it must be determined if BLM parameter values evaluated for concentration ranges of environmental constituents in those settings

Assessment of Metal Concentrations in Two Cyprinid Fish Species (Leuciscus cephalus and Tinca tinca) Captured from Yeniçağa Lake, Turkey

This study was performed to investigate certain major and toxic metal concentrations in muscle, gill and liver tissues of two Cyprinid species (Leuciscus cephalus, Tinca tinca). Generally liver and gill tissue exhibited higher metal concentrations than did muscle. The highest metal concentrations found in tench and chub muscle tissues were determined to be Al (59.01-108mgkg(-1)), Zn (45.23-57.81mgkg(-1)), Fe (9.23-16.03mgkg(-1)) and Ba (3.50-2.69mgkg(-1)) respectively. The level of metal accumulation is evaluated for potential risk to human health based on international standards. Zinc, lead and arsenic values of muscle tissues of the fishes were found to be above the allowed limits for human consumption.

Determination of Heavy Metal Levels in Sediment and Macroalgae (Ulva Sp. and Enteromorpha Sp.) on the Mersin Coast

This study was conducted to determine heavy metal levels in macroalgae (Ulva sp. and Enteromorpha sp.) on four beach heavily used by the people in the province of Mersin, for this purpose; Aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels were determined on a monthly basis. The results showed that the highest accumulation of heavy metals in algae were detected at station 1 with Cu and Zn, at station 2 with Cd and at station 4 with Al, Mn, Fe and Ni. Accumulation levels of heavy metals have been detected in the order Fe>Al>Mn>Ni>Zn> Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd; Fe>Al>Ni>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd and Fe>Al>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cd> Cu in Ulva sp, in Enteromorpha sp. and in sediment samples respectively.

A survey of selected essential and heavy metals in milk from different regions of Egypt using ICP-AES

The aim of this paper was to assess the content of selected essential metals (Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr) and some heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in raw cow's milk collected from different Egyptian areas during different periods of one year (January–February, May–June and September–October 2009). Twenty-one samples of raw milk were analysed using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry for quantitative determination. The highest metal accumulation levels for Cd, Cr, Fe and Cu are found in milk samples collected from Shubra, while samples from Menofia and Tanash are high in Pb and Zn, respectively. On the other hand, the highest metal accumulation levels were during January–February for Cd, Cr and Zn. In the period of May–June, the content of Pb, Cu and Fe were the highest, while the samples during the September–October period are characterised by the lowest metal content.

Fish ( Arius heudelotii Valenciennes, 1840) as bioindicator of heavy metals in Douala Estuary of Cameroon

This study assessed and monitored accumulation levels of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn) in a prominent benthic mangrove fish species ( Arius heudelotii Valenciennes, 1840) from the Douala Estuary, Cameroon. Fish species selection was based on signs of deterioration in taste and texture. Sampled estuarine water and tissue parts (liver, gut, flesh, gills and bones) of the captured fish were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results show that concentration of the heavy metals except Mn in water was below the permissible limits imposed by WHO and USEPA for aquatic life. The metal levels in fish collected were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the levels in water, indicating bioaccumulation. Metal levels in the fish organs varied considerably with the highest mean concentrations of Pb and Zn found in the flesh and gills. The high concentration of heavy metals in these parts makes the fish unsafe for consumption as the majority of consumers depend on these parts for their livelihood. This calls for environmental surveillance and monitoring of these water bodies and their surrounding environment. Key words : Arius heudelotii, bioaccumulation, heavy metals, estuary, environmental surveillance.

Fish (Arius heudelotii Valenciennes, 1840) as bio-indicator of heavy metals in Douala Estuary of Cameroon

This study assessed and monitored accumulation levels of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn) in a prominent benthic mangrove fish species (Arius heudelotiiValenciennes, 1840) from the Douala Estuary, Cameroon. Fish species selection was based on signs of deterioration in taste and texture. Sampled estuarine water and tissue parts (liver, gut, flesh, gills and bones) of the captured fish were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results show that concentration of the heavy metals except Mn in water was below the permissible limits imposed by WHO and USEPA for aquatic life. The metal levels in fish collected were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the levels in water, indicating bioaccumulation. Metal levels in the fish organs varied considerably with the highest mean concentrations of Pb and Zn found in the flesh and gills. The high concentration of heavy metals in these parts makes the fish unsafe for consumption as the majority of consumers depend on these parts for their livelihood. This calls for environmental surveillance and monitoring of these water bodies and their surrounding environment. Key words: Arius heudelotii, bioaccumulation, heavy metals, estuary, environmental surveillance.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Natural and Exotic Plants in Samsun City

The aim of this study was to estimate the level of some trace metal accumulation (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) in the leaves, needles, and twigs of some natural and exotic tree and shrub species which were selected and tested as a biomonitors of these heavy metals grown in the centre and suburbs (Atakum) of Samsun, Turkey polluted by burning fossil fuels and heavy traffic conditions from December 2007 to August 2008. Air pollution from traffic density was very important for Samsun in both the winter and summer periods. Because of this reason leaf and twig samples of these species were collected in winter and summer separately. Statistically significant differences were found among the studied species regarding studied heavy metals. The highest heavy metal concentrations were found in M. grandiflora, although heavy metal concentrations may be different according to the studied species, sampling points and sampling periods. According to the obtained data it was found that M. grandiflora, Ligustrum vulgare and Phoenix dactylifera can be used as biomonitors (i.e. the highest Cu concentrations were found in Samsun city in P. dactylifera leaves (45.10) and M. grandiflora leaves (62.00) and the highest Zn concentration was found in L. vulgare leaves (69.58) during the summer. Because these species accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues as compared to other species. Finally, it was found that different parts of evergreen plants (i.e.

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Horseshoe Crabs (Tachypleus gigas) from Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

An attempt was made to determine the various heavy metal accumulative concentrations in different body parts of horseshoe crab [Tachypleus gigas (Muller, 1785)]. Heavy metal accumulation levels were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Highest mean concentration (μg g-1 wet weight) of iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd) was observed in gill tissue (1336.73±2.08 ppm), apodeme (921.11±8.12 ppm), Gut (129.94±13.8 ppm) and apodeme (4.16±0.54 ppm) samples, respectively while lowest concentrations of metals were observed in gut (Fe = 556.61 ppm), mouth (Zn = 605.36 ppm), leg tissue (Cu = 60.85 ppm) and leg tissues (Cd = 2.12 ppm). Results clearly showed that bioaccumulation of essential metal concentration in all the analyzed body parts were higher than non-essential heavy metals with the flow of metals in Fe>Zn>Cu>Cd order. Statistical predictions revealed that bioaccumulation of metals were not significantly influenced by weight, total length and carapace width of the animal. The heavy metal accumulations in samples were higher than the national and international permissible limit range hence not suitable for human consumption.

Heavy Metal in Edible Portions (Muscle and Skin) and Other Organs (Gill, Liver and Intestine) of Selected Freshwater Fish Species

In this study, the concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, calcium, magnesium, nickel, lead, chrome and boron elements in muscle, gill, skin, intestine and liver of selected fish species (Rutilus rutilus, Carassius carassius, and Cyprinus carpio) from Porsuk Dam Lake/Turkey were determined. The element analyses were performed with inductive coupled plasma-optic emission spectroscopy following microwave digestion techniques. Metal accumulation levels of tissues and species were remarkably different. Concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cr and B in all tissues of the species were found to be below the detection limit (BDL) with ICP-OES. Irrespective of the fish species and tissues, the concentrations (mg kg−1 wet weight) of the other matals varied in the following ranges: Cu, below detection limit (BDL)-17.15; Zn, 9.08–699.60; Mn, BDL-8.23; Fe, 4.42–137.17; Co, BDL-1.49; Ca, 144.40–14376.60 and Mg, 95.81–903.23. The metal levels in muscle of the species were found below the limits proposed by FAO, WHO, and Turkish Food Codes, and these are safe for human consumption. However, heavy metal accumulation in skin and liver of some species was as high as non-permitted limits.

Alterations in ion levels of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus following acute and chronic exposures to five heavy metals

Freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus, were individually exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 µg/mL of Cu^{2+}, Cd^{2+}, Cr^{6+}, Ag^+, and Zn^{2+} for 96 h (acute) and 0.05 µg/mL concentrations of the same metals for 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days (chronic). Following each period, metal accumulation and ion levels (Na^+, K^+, Ca^{+2}, and Mg^{+2}) were measured in the gills, kidneys, and muscles. Except for Ag^+, none of the metals killed the fish within 30 days. Silver killed all the fish within 16 days. With the exceptions of Ag^+ and Cr^{6+}, as their levels were below detection limits, metal accumulation occurred in the tissues following both acute and chronic exposures. Ion levels in the tissues were altered by metal exposure, the general tendency being a decrease in Na^+ and K^+ levels and an increase in Mg^{2+} and Ca^{2+} levels. Acute exposure to heavy metals seemed to be more effective in altering ion levels of the tissues than chronic exposure. Na^+ was the most affected ion while Mg^{2+} was the least affected. Results of this study emphasize that ion levels in the tissues of O. niloticus can be altered by heavy metals, both in acute and chronic exposures. This suggests that heavy metals should be monitored carefully in ecotoxicological studies in the field due to their importance in fish physiology.

Are native naiads more tolerant to pollution than exotic freshwater bivalve species? An hypothesis tested using physiological responses of three species transplanted to mercury contaminated sites in the Ebro River (NE, Spain)

In the lower Ebro River exist the paradoxical convergence of relatively well preserved river dynamics with the historical presence of a chloralkali plant with a long history of mercury discharges and the recent invasion of foreign bivalves species. Here we performed a comparative study on two alien bivalves, the Zebra mussel and the Asian clam ( Dreissena polymorpha and Corbicula fluminea), and one protected species of naiads ( Psilunio littoralis), which is the most common species of the freshwater mussel assemblages in this river. Individuals of the three species were transplanted to three sites that included a clean unpolluted upstream site, a contaminated location next to the mercury source and a downstream one. The study focused on digestive gland antioxidant and oxidative stress responses such as antioxidant enzymes, glutathione S transferase, glutathione levels, metallothionein proteins, DNA strand breaks and lipid peroxidation levels. Results evidenced interspecies differences on accumulation levels of mercury, antioxidant defensive systems and oxidative tissue damage. The naiad species, despite of accumulating more mercury showed the greatest antioxidant defensive potential, which was characterized by having high constitutive activities of glutathione S transferase and inducible activities and levels of key antioxidant enzymes and glutathione. Exposed individuals of C. fluminea had moderate levels of metal accumulation, the highest activities of antioxidant enzymes but also high levels of lipid peroxidation. D. polymorpha mussels showed the lowest levels of mercury but the lowest antioxidant responses and consequently the highest levels of oxidative injuries in the DNA and of mortality. Our results support the hypothesis that naiad species might be more tolerant to pollution than exotic species.

Seasonal passive metal monitoring during the years 2003–2006 in nainital of Kumaon Hills (India) by mossRacomitrium crispulum

With the aim to obtain information about atmospheric deposition of metals all over the western Himalayas (Kumaon region) using moss as bioaccumulator, a biomonitoring program was setup by financial aid of the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Present study is a part of the same monitoring program. The moss Racomitrium crispulum was sampled from 24 localities of Nainital of the Kumaon Hills to indicate relative level of four metals: Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd. In summation of undertaken metals the highest 70% concentration of metals was observed in centre of the city. A gradient of decrease in metal was recorded while projecting away from city centre (zero km). A trend of metal precipitation was observed amongst seasons, viz. summer > winter > monsoon. The accumulation level of metals in the moss also varies amongst themselves, i.e. Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The moss metal-metal regression analysis correlation (R) exhibits that it gives significance for Pb-Zn (0.8088), Cu-Zn (0.6186) and Cu-Pb (0.5611).

Accumulation of heavy metals in a food fish, &lt;i&gt;Mystus gulio&lt;/i&gt; inhabiting Bolgoda Lake, Sri Lanka

Bioaccumulation potential of selected heavy metals viz. Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in muscle, gills and liver of food fish, Mystus gulio (Anguluwa) inhabiting in Bolgoda Lake were assessed by analyzing metal levels in the fish collected from four main locations: Weras Ganga, North Lake, Bolgoda Ganga and South Lake. In addition, water and sediment samples were taken concurrently from the sampling locations for determination of the metal levels. The metal levels were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry using standard procedures. Dissolved total metal levels in lake water (in µg L-1) varied depending on the sampling location: Pb 23.2-36.3, Cd 6.1-12.6, Cr 3.9-61.4, Cu 5.7-38, and Zn 11.6-35.1. The sediment associated metals in the lake (in µg g-1 dry weight) showed irregular distribution of metal contamination reflecting many individual metal inputs: Pb 6.5-759.4, Cd 0.8-4.2, Cr 22.6- 214.8, Cu 13.2-135.5 and Zn 58.2-227.6. Metal accumulation levels in the edible muscle tissue (in µg g-1 wet weight) of the fish showed a wide range: Pb, 0.01-24.1, Cd, not detected - 0.3, Cr, 0.01-0.4, Cu, 0.1 - 37.7, and Zn, 2.5-18.5. The levels of Pb in edible muscle of the fish collected from Weras Ganga and Bolgoda Ganga and the level of Cd in the fish from Weras Ganga exceeded the food safety limits specified by the international authorities. Accumulation of metal levels in the liver tissues of the fish was significantly higher than that in the muscle tissue. In the gill tissue, no consistent tissue specific pattern was evident in relation to the accumulated metal levels. The results revealed that Pb and Cd are accumulating in the fish tissues at alarming levels. Accumulated Cd, Cu and Zn levels in the fish collected from Weras Ganga are comparatively higher than the respective levels in the fish from South Lake. The results emphasize the importance of monitoring heavy metals in the food fish species in Bolgoda Lake regularly for the safety of fish consumers.DOI: 10.4038/sljas.v12i0.2214Sri Lanka J. Aquat. Sci. 12 (2007): 61-75

The appreciation of mineral element accumulation level in some herbaceous plants species by ICP–AES method

From the metallurgic industry zone of Dambovita County, we harvested and analyzed seven herbaceous plants species (Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis, Stipa capillata, Agrostis alba, Cynodon dactylon, Luzula campestris, and Agrostis tenuis) to establish the heavy metal accumulation levels in these species. The heavy metal contents (for Cr, Mn, Zn, Sr, Cu, Ba, and Sn) were determined by analyzing the dry matter with an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. This method has detection limits of 0.4-0.6 mg/kg for the analyzed metals. The heavy metal concentrations in plants harvested from the industrial area are in milligram per kilogram of dry matter and ranged from 10.03 to 191.98 mg/kg of dry matter for Cr, 165.89 to 1,103.92 mg/kg of dry matter for Mn, 62.09 to 921.67 mg/kg of dry matter for Zn, 29.21 to 50.12 mg/kg of dry matter for Sr, 0.99 to 113.83 mg/kg of dry matter for Cu, 58.66 to 133.51 mg/kg of dry matter for Ba, and 8.38 to 276.44 mg/kg of dry matter for Sn. The heavy metal accumulation levels in the studied species of plants were calculated by the rapport between the concentration level of the metal in plant samples and the level of the same metal in the soil, near the radicular system for each species of plants. The highest accumulation levels were found in A. alba for Cr (267.69%); in L. perenne for Mn (51.45%), Sr (114.35%), and Ba (60.81%); and in C. dactylon for Zn (136.62%), Cu (97.65%), and F. pratensis for Sn (704.00%).

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Lake Sediments, Fish (Oreochromis niloticus and Serranochromis thumbergi), and Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) in Lake Itezhi-tezhi and Lake Kariba, Zambia

We measured the level of heavy metal accumulation in lake sediments, herbivorous (Oreochromis niloticus) and carnivorous (Serranochromis thumbergi) fish, and crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) from Lake Itezhi-tezhi (ITT) and Lake Kariba. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to quantify the levels of seven heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni). The sediment and the herbivorous fish O. niloticus accumulated a very high concentration of Cu in Lake ITT, most likely due to the discharge of Cu waste from a mining area 450 km upstream. The aquatic species we sampled in Lake Kariba had higher concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Pb relative to those in Lake ITT. This is most likely due to anthropogenic activities, such as the use of leaded petrol and antifouling agents in marine paints. Interestingly, we observed a negative correlation between the coefficient of condition (K) and Ni concentration in the crayfish hepatopancreas. Both O. niloticus and the crayfish had much higher biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) for Cu, Zn, and Cd relative to Cr, Co, Pb, and Ni. The rank of BSAF values for O. niloticus (Cu>Cd>Zn) and C. quadricarinatus (Zn>Cd>Cu) differed from the expected ranks based on the general order of affinity of metals (Cd>>Zn>Cu).

안동.임하호에 서식하는 붕어(Carassius auratus) 조직 내 중금속 함량

안동호와 임하호의 수환경내 중금속의 오염정도와 서식 어종간의 중금속 축적 정도를 알아보기 위해 양호수의 수질, 저니 및 서식어종인 붕어를 이용하여 중금속 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 안동호와 임하호 수질과 저니내 중금속 함량은 안동호에서 높은 함량을 보이며, As는 함량의 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 안동호와 임하호에 서식하는 붕어의 중금속 함량의 경우 안동호에 서식하는 붕어에서 높은 함량을 보이며, Cr, Cu, Cd 및 As는 함량의 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 비늘, 근육, 뼈 조직은 안동호와 임하호의 함량차이가 크며, 안동호에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과 안동호와 임하호의 수질과 저니 및 서식어종인 붕어의 중금속 함량은 안동호에서 임하호보다 중금속 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 안동호와 임하호의 함량차이도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 안동호의 경우 안동호 상류 지점의 폐광산과 농경지로부터 하상퇴적물이 유입되어 하상퇴적물 속에 포함된 유기물을 붕어가 먹이로 섭취함으로써 중금속 함량에 영향을 미친 것으로 생각된다. Heavy metal contamination levels in Andong reservoir and Imha reservoir were measured with heavy metal contents in both water and sediment, and analyzed with heavy metal accumulation level in inhabitant fish, Carassius auratus, using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer and an atomic absorption spectrometer. High levels of heavy metal contents in water, sediment and the tissues of C. auratus were detected. Likewise, relatively high levels of As were detected in water and sediment from Andong reservoir. In addition, higher levels of Cr, Cu, Cd and As content were detected in muscle and bone tissues of fish from Andong reservoir than those from Imha reservoir. As a result, the heavy metal content of water, sediment and inhabitant fish, C. auratus, in Andong reservoir was higher than Imha reservoir. We proposed that heavy metal contamination in water and inhabitant fish is attributed to various metals derived from abandoned mines and farmlands that are upstream of Andong reservoir.