MY FIRST ACQUAINTANCE with Indians home was in the twenties when, as a graduate student under the tutelage of Frank G. Speck, I began visiting the St. Francis Abenaki at Odanak, Quebec, Canada. In this little Indian community an Algonkian language could still be heard, but the dominant speech was French-Canadian, and many persons could also speak English. There were a few old-timers left who occasionally hunted and trapped, although there was little ostensible evidence of an aboriginal mode of life. The Abenaki had been Christianized for generations, the majority of them being devout Roman Catholics. Across the railroad track was a typical French-Canadian village. In short, the St. Francis Abenaki were a highly acculturated group of Indians.' I did not go there to study acculturation, however, for this was a decade before studies of acculturation had been legitiA. IRVING HALLOWELL is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and curator of Social Anthropology at the University Museum. He received his M.A. and Ph.D. from this University and an Honorary Sc.D. (1963). With the exception of three years at Northwestern University (1944--47) he has been an active member of the Anthropology Department there from 1923-63. In addition, he has taught at Swarthmore College, Bryn Mawr, Columbia, and the Universities of California (Berkeley) and Washington. Currently he is conducting a seminar for selected graduate students at Teniple University, as Adjunct Professor of Sociology. Dr. Hallowell is a member of the Permanent Council of the International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences and a past president of the American Anthropological Association, the American Folklore Society, and the Society for Projective Techniques. He was chairman of the division of Anthropology and Psychology of the National Research Council, 1946--49, and has been chairman of the Board of Directors of the Human Relations Area Files since 1957. From 1950-55 he was editor of the Viking Fund Monographs in Anthropology (Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and in 1955 was the recipient of the Viking Medal and Award in General Anthropology. Dr. Hallowell's field work has been principally conducted among the Northern Ojibwa of Canada and other Algonkian peoples. His focal points of professional interest, as represented in papers published in journals and symposia, have included kinship and social organization, folklore, culture and personality, the psychological dimension of human evolution and the history of anthropology. A collection of selected papers is to be found in Culture and Experience (1955). Monographic publications are Bear Ceremonialism in the Northern Hemisphere (1926) and The Role of Conjuring in Saultean Society (1942). A. Irving Hallowell's paper is the fifth in a series, edited by Francis L. K. Hsu and Alan P. Merriam specially prepared to honor Melville J. Herskovits. The entire series, when completed, will constitute a new type of Festschrift (CA 4:92). 1 For information on the history and ethnography of this group see Leger (1929), Maurault (1866), and Fried (1955). Gordon M. Day, in a recent article on the relations of the St. Francis Abenaki to Dartmouth College (1959), writes: were the Abenakis whom the Jesuits extolled for their native mildness, their exemplary piety, and whom Canadian historians lauded for their loyalty and military qualities in the service of New France. These were the model converts whose conversion consoled the Fathers for the destruction of the Huron Nation by the Iroquois and the debauching of the Algonquins of Three Rivers by the fur traders.