Accounting System Research Articles

Akuntansi Murabahah pada Pembiayaan Modal Usaha pada Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Kantor Cabang Pembantu (KCP) Lumajang

In the financial sphere that applies the Sharia accounting system, namely Sharia Banks. The existence of Sharia Banks is followed by Islamic Sharia guidelines in their operations, in response to the need for a strong and stable financial transaction framework, with supervision of financial transactions in accordance with Sharia principles. This research aims to identify the implementation of murabahah accounting in the costs of administering business capital at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Lumajang and also to evaluate the extent to which murabahah accounting is implemented in business capital financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Lumajang according to PSAK No. 102. This research adopts a qualitative strategy and focuses on analyzing the implementation of murabahah accounting in the business capital financing of Sharia Bank (BSI) KCP Lumajang. Sharia Bank (BSI) KCP Lumajang is the subject and location of the research. The materials used are primary and secondary data. The qualitative descriptive analysis method was used to answer the research questions, with the researcher providing a detailed description of the implementation of murabahah accounting in business capital financing at Bank Syariah (BSI) KCP Lumajang. The data obtained proves that the application of murabahah accounting in business capital financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Lumajang involves aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in financial reports. The conclusion is that overall, the implementation of murabahah accounting in business capital financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Lumajang complies with the rules of PSAK No.102. Keywords: Murabahah Accounting, Business Capital Financing, and PSAK No. 102.

NLP-BERT AND OPTIMIZATION OF EFFICIENCY-SECURITY IN BLOCKCHAIN-ACCOUNTING SMART CONTRACTS

In the evolving digital era, blockchain-based accounting systems leveraging smart contracts are increasingly crucial. Blockchain, known for its transparency and security, faces challenges in the efficiency and security of smart contracts, necessitating innovative solutions. This research explores the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology such as BERT to enhance these aspects within smart contracts. Grounded in blockchain and smart contract theories, the study investigates BERT's use in detecting financial fraud and improving transaction security. The research methodology employs Bibliometric Analysis with a PICO approach to formulate research questions and gather relevant data. Bibliometric analysis provides deeper insights into current developments and challenges in this field. The analysis reveals trends in document production, author collaborations, and keywords related to blockchain and BERT. Co-occurrence networks and thematic maps highlight the significance and relevance of these terms in the context of blockchain and smart contracts. In conclusion, this study makes a significant contribution to understanding how NLP technology can be optimized to enhance the efficiency and security of smart contracts in blockchain-based accounting systems. Further research is essential to develop BERT optimization in this context.

ВИЗНАННЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕНЬ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНІЙ І МІЖНАРОДНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ ОБЛІКУ І ЗВІТНОСТІ

Introduction. Provisioning is the process of setting aside an amount that may be necessary to settle a possible obligation when neither the amount nor the date of the obligation can be estimated with certainty. The objective of accounting and reporting in this area is to establish provisions and to choose the best option for making such provisions. Due to their dynamic nature, liabilities significantly affect the solvency of a business entity, require effective cash flow management and control over the actual status of settlements. The purpose of this article is to study the main aspects of recognising collateral, covering domestic and international accounting and reporting practices. Methods. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: monographic method for studying the literature on the recognition of collateral; method of regulatory support for assessing the established rules and regulations on collateral; analytical method for analytical assessment of the justification of collateral. Results. The creation of collateral is a necessity determined by current legislation and regulations. However, the list of collateral provided in National Accounting Standards 11 is not exhaustive, as an entity should create collateral to reimburse any future expenses (of course, subject to the recognition conditions). Taking into account the specifics of the entities' business, various circumstances may arise that will lead to the emergence and recognition of provisions, which in turn requires careful analysis and justification. Conclusions. Based on the study of the conditions for the formation of collateral in the accounting system and the tasks of accounting and management of enterprises, it is advisable to involve qualified specialists and managers to justify the recognition of collateral. Also, the order on accounting policy should reflect information on the types of payments for which a specific provision is formed. It is recommended to improve the wording of the criteria for recognising collateral in accounting, which will facilitate the convergence of National Accounting Standards 11 and IAS 37.

Water availability may not restrict the implementation of carbon capture utilization and storage technology: Evidence from China's electric power sector

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), a water resource-intensive technology, has been projected to be restricted by water resources in the future. However, the water-saving effects resulting from technology progress and CO2-Enhanced water recovery (CO2-EWR) process are not been fully considered. Based on the learning curve theory, this study proposes a new water accounting system for CCUS retrofitting of coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) from a dynamic perspective considering power generation, carbon capture, and CO2-EWR technology. The results show that the total water withdrawal per unit of CCUS retrofitting with the first-generation capture technology will decrease by 66.89 %, and the total water consumption per unit of that will decrease by 74.70 % from 2021 to 2050. By contrast, the water withdrawal and consumption per unit with the second-generation capture technology will decrease by 74.12 % and 82.51 %, with the overall unit water consumption below 0.5 m3/MWh. Moreover, the water usage caused by CCUS retrofitting will be greatly relieved through the progress of geological sequestration technology (especially the CO2-EWR). In addition, the water usage during the capture process for circulation cooling and air-cooling would present an “inverted U” shaped trend affected by the capture scale and technology progress. Remarkably, the water withdrawal and consumption intensity of CFPPs with air-cooling technology is significantly lower than those of the circulation cooling technology for power generation, while the opposite happens if the capture technology is applied. Even so, CCUS retrofitting for the CFPPs with air-cooling technology can save 60 × 104 m3 of water resource after 2040, which is positive for the CCUS deployment in the arid areas of China.

Analysis of the loss of importance of the accounting systems: an application of the model of Ohlson in the sector of the car

Antecedentes: Desde há umas décadas a esta parte, a diferença existente entre a informação económico-financeira que as empresas apresentam e as necessidades informativas dos mercados têm sido motivo de preocupação e merecido crescente interesse por parte dos académicos. A evidência empírica chamou a atenção para a necessidade de os órgãos reguladores a nivel internacional se envolverem neste problema e encontrarem uma solução no sentido de garantir informação financeira relevante e clara. Hojee m dia o Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) e o International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) estão a trabalhar no sentido da harmonizar 31 as normas contabilísticas à escala internacional. Objetivo: Com este trabalho de investigação iremos constatar empiricamente o deteriorar dos sistemas de informação contabilísticos, através da estimação do valor de mercado das empresas cotadas nos mercados de capitais. Metodologia e amostra: Recorremos, como função base, o modelo de Ohlson (1995) e a partir do mesmo, desenvolvemos as funções de valoração derivadas dos seus correspondentes Dinâmicas de Informação Linear (DIL). A amostra foi constituída por empresas que estão cotadas nos Estados Unidos e no Reino Unido, pertencem ao sector automóvel. O horizonte temporal analizado comprende 10 anos. Resultado e conclusões: Testada a utilidade perdida dos sistemas contabilísticos, como consequência dos sistemas contabilísticos não evidenciarem alguns acontecimentos, como por exemplo os benefícios em I+D, consideramos necessário que os órgãos reguladores mais importantes a nível internacional, o FASB e o IASB, melhorem as suas normas em matéria de intangíveis.

Accounting for income and expenditure on government quotas for greenhouse gas emissions in crop production

Subject. This article discusses the problems and possibilities of accounting for income and expenses associated with compliance with quotas for greenhouse emissions in relation to the activities of crop production enterprises. Objectives. The article aims to systematize and generalize knowledge about the problems and possibilities of accounting for income and expenses associated with compliance with quotas for greenhouse emissions at various enterprises, including those engaged in crop production. Methods. For the study, I used a dialectical approach, observation, analysis and synthesis, as well as elements of accounting methods. Results. The article proposes to take into account the income and expenses associated with compliance with emission quotas as part of ordinary activities, and it recommends calculating the cost of individual plant varieties taking into account the costs associated with quotas. It proposes an accounting system for recording a long-term government greenhouse emissions quota as a government subsidy (measured at fair value) in the ordinary course of business. Conclusions. Greenhouse emissions are inseparable from the standard activities of enterprises and are calculated on the basis of their volumes. The volume of greenhouse emissions should be reflected in the cost and profitability of sales of plant crops.

The Future of National Culture in Accounting Research

ABSTRACT A society’s culture affects its behavior and values. This study explores the role of national culture in accounting research. It starts by updating the work of G. Hofstede, G. J. Hofstede, and Minkov (2020), including several new measures of culture discussed by Minkov (2018) and Minkov and Kaasa (2022). As previously found, national culture dimensions are tied to accounting values and systems differently (Gray 1988; Doupnik and Tsakoumis 2004). This paper begins with a review of what national culture is, how it relates to accounting values and systems in individual countries, and how it has affected questions of interest to accounting researchers in the last decade. We then provide research questions that need to be answered by accounting researchers. Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available from the sources indicated in the text. JEL Classifications: E16; F23; M00; M14; M40; M41; M42; M49.

Review of Management Accounting in a Digital Economy

The paper gives an overview of the transformation in management accounting practices in a digital economy. Advanced technologies such as big data analytics, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain digitised traditional accounting ways by providing real-time data processing, enhanced decision-making, and strategic insights. The review focuses on how technological innovations have changed data collection, analysis, and reporting links, moving attention away from record-keeping to predictive and prescriptive analytics. Discussions are the automation of routine tasks, real-time financial reporting developments, and increased involvement of management accountants in strategic planning and risk management. The review talks about cloud accounting systems, machine learning in managing costs, blockchain for financial transparency and security, and how digital transformation opens up some critical challenges related to data privacy concerns, security risks, and massive upskilling on the part of accounting professionals. The paper addresses these issues by examining strategies to mitigate identified risks and bridging skill gaps through specific training and educational efforts. It further reviews the emerging trends in predictive and prescriptive analytics and discusses their potential applications in Management Accounting. The review sheds light on changing regulatory scenarios that will impact digital practices in accounting. The implications of this digital transformation are huge and thus require a rethink in the role of management accounting within organisations. It calls for management accountants to reposition themselves in the field and stay relevant by embracing new technologies while attaining strategic competencies, enabling them to drive value creation against the drastic changes in the digital age.

Правоотношения по коммерческому учету электрической энергии при применении интеллектуальных систем учета

The legal model of the application of intelligent electric energy metering systems provided for by the current regulatory regulation imposes the obligation of commercial energy accounting on entities that are not parties to the energy supply contract, which determines the task of creating an effective legal mechanism for its execution. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the legal protection of the parties to the energy supply contract within the framework of the legal relationship on commercial accounting of electric energy with the use of intelligent electric energy accounting systems; identification of problems arising in the implementation of such protection and justification of proposals to overcome them. The necessity of regulatory fixing of the penalty ensuring the fulfillment of the obligation tric energy with the use of intelligent accounting systems by guaranteeing suppliers and grid organizations in favor of the parties to the energy supply contract is substantiated.

Factors influencing the successful implementation of the management accounting system in an organization

Factors influencing the successful implementation of the management accounting system in an organization

Transforming Accounting Systems in the MENA Region: A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Business Intelligence Tools on Efficiency, Decision-Making, and Organizational Performance

Transforming Accounting Systems in the MENA Region: A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Business Intelligence Tools on Efficiency, Decision-Making, and Organizational Performance

Adaptive Approach as a Tool of Library Management in the Conditions of Turbulent External Environment

The purpose of the article is to define the role, place and possibilities of the adaptive approach in library management within the framework of practical implementation of the concept of sustainable innovative development of the library industry; to study the reasons for applying adaptive management methods in libraries. Research methods. The following methods and approaches were used: general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, analysis and synthesis, abstract and logical, monographic and analytical, decomposition and systematic approach. Using these methods ensured the validity of the provisions of this study. The scientific novelty lies in creating a holistic view of the features, trends and factors of the adaptive approach in library management. Conclusions. A system is considered adaptive if it can adapt to changes in internal and external conditions. Such a system remains operational in the event of unforeseen changes in the properties of the managed object, management goals, or environmental conditions by changing its functioning algorithm, behavioural programme, or search for optimal states. The task of adaptive library management is to keep the library as a system and its processes within the specified limits. The adaptive management system assesses the state of the process within the limits of permissible fluctuations and determines the need for corrective adaptation measures. Fluctuations in the processes of a library institution are expressed in terms of library production. Thus, the use of adaptive management methods meets the practical tasks of sustainable innovative development of the library industry and can be used in the library management tools for its implementation. An adaptive approach to library management is possible in the following cases: a) a developed forecasting system for prompt monitoring of the current situation of the library; b) the possibility of promptly changing plans if they no longer correspond to the new reality; c) an effective system of operational management accounting and control.

How are Case Studies Used in Accounting Systems Curricula in Higher Education in Germany and the US?

How are Case Studies Used in Accounting Systems Curricula in Higher Education in Germany and the US?

Based on knowledge capital value for disease cost accounting of diagnosis related groups.

The National Health Commission and the other relevant departments in China have initiated testing of the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) system in 30 pilot locations since 2019. In the process of DRG payment reform, accounting for the costs of diseases has become a highly challenging issue. The traditional method of disease accounting method overlooks the compensation for the knowledge capital value of medical personnel. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the cost accounting scheme of China's Diagnosis Related Groups (C-DRG), focusing on the value of knowledge capital. The study initially proposes a measurement index system for the value of knowledge-based capital, including the difficulty of disease treatment, labor intensity of disease treatment, risk of disease treatment, and operation/treatment time for diseases. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is then utilized to weigh the features of medical workers' knowledge capital value. First, pairwise comparisons are conducted in this stage to develop a two-pair judgment matrix of the primary indicators. Second, the eigenvectors corresponding to the maximum eigenvalues of the matrix are calculated to generate the weight coefficient of each feature. The consistency test is carried out after this stage. An empirical analysis is conducted by collecting data, including the full costs of treating three types of diseases-hip replacement, acute simple appendicitis, and heart bypass surgery-from one public medical institution. The empirical analysis examines whether this DRG costing accounting can address the issue of neglecting the value of medical workers' knowledge capital. The methods reconfigure the positive incentive mechanism, stimulate the endogenous motivation of the medical service system, foster independent changes in medical behavior, and achieve the goals of reasonable cost control. In the cost accounting system of C-DRG, the value of medical workers' knowledge capital is acknowledged. This acknowledgment not only boosts the enthusiasm and creativity of medical workers in optimizing and standardizing the diagnosis and treatment process but also improves the transparency and authenticity of DRG pricing. This is particularly evident in the optimization and standardization of the diagnosis and treatment processes within medical institutions and in monitoring inadequate medical practices within these institutions.

ENERJİ SİSTEMİNİN PAYLAYICI ELEKTRİK ŞӘBӘKӘLӘRİNDӘ AVTOMATİK NӘZARӘTİN VӘ İDARӘETMӘ ÇEVİKLİYİNİN ARTIRILMASI

The accurate report of electricity losses in power systems is important and of great importance to increase the automatic control and management flexibility of power systems in distribution power grids. This issue is relevant in our country, as well and in the recent years the electricity losses reduction is in the wide spotlight. The reactive powers and their compensation which are the reasons of electric power losses with the construction of an innovative consumption system in the power distribution networks of the energy system have been shown in the article. By advancement of the power factor and its improvement, the specified reports on the reduction of electricity losses have been conducted. These researches lead to increasing the efficiency of the accounting system of "Azerishiq" OJSC, automatic control of its distribution networks, intellectual networks and management flexibility. In recent years, such measures implemented in the system of "Azerishiq" OJSC have resulted in energy saving by reducing the losses of electricity in overhead power transmission lines.

Mapping the Research Landscape on Technological Innovations in Accounting Systems Automation: A Bibliometric Analysis

Mapping the Research Landscape on Technological Innovations in Accounting Systems Automation: A Bibliometric Analysis

Implementasi Sistem Akuntansi Syariah Dalam Pengelolaan Asuransi Syariah Di Indonesia

Sharia insurance as a financial institution is required to prepare financial reports in accordance with PSAK 108. The use of accounting by a company is very important in the current situation, especially sharia insurance which seeks to increase client trust. However, rapid expansion without other supporting factors, including employees who are experts in sharia, has resulted in a lack of sharia-related knowledge among customers. This research uses the literature study method to conduct qualitative descriptive research. The aim is to better understand how Indonesian sharia insurance implements a sharia accounting system to ensure sharia insurance business activities comply with sharia principles and fulfill the public's desire for compliant financial solutions. The findings show that the implementation of this sharia accounting system ensures that sharia insurance business activities comply with sharia principles and fulfill the public's desire for financially sound financial solutions

Assistance in Preparing Islamic Boarding School-Based Financial Reports Based on Psak No. 45 Parepare City Scope

Islamic boarding schools have an important role in their development. not only in Parepare, but also throughout Indonesia and even in other Muslim countries. Islamic boarding schools are non-profit organizations because Islamic boarding schools are institutions that do not aim to make a profit for individuals or their managers. However, preparing Islamic boarding school financial reports is a form of managerial responsibility to interested parties, so the resulting reporting must be accountable and free from misstatement. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach where we will hold meetings with Islamic boarding school foundation managers and will focus on financial reporting by providing assistance, discussions and questions and answers. The result of this service is that the financial reports of Islamic boarding schools in the Parepare City area have not fully adopted an accounting system that is in line with the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines. Currently, the reports submitted are limited to cash inflows and outflows, so Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines are needed to provide non-binding, but supportive, direction in preparing financial reports.

Usefulness of accounting information systems for small business profitability in South Africa: A systematic literature review

Accounting information systems are an important instrument in the hands of administrators seeking to maintain a competitive edge in the face of fast technological innovation, having the knowledge, and demanding expectations from customers and business owners. The objective of the study is to investigate the empirical literature pertaining to accounting information systems and companies. This study uses a systematic literature review method to provide responses to the research issue, and the bulk of the research was conducted in industrialized economies where computerized accounting system approaches were widely adopted. The selected method of inquiry consists of the following phases: study choice, development of both inclusion and exclusion guidelines, research designation, quality of research assessment, data collection, and data compilation. Based on the paper’s findings, most small businesses fail to implement accounting information systems in their operations, resulting in low-efficiency levels because of the difficulty of preserving company information records. Furthermore, this systematic literature review adds to the prior literature in three ways: (1) it indicates the usefulness of accounting information systems; (2) it expresses the suggestions that might be implemented to boost the accounting information system; and (3) it describes the research gaps that require to be filled to encourage an improved adoption of accounting information systems for small business profitability.

The role of experts in the "hierarchical observation" of a philanthropic educational institution: The case of the Conservatorio di San Pietro a Majella in Naples (19th century)

Introduction: The study compares the accounting system of the Conservatorio di San Pietro a Majella (CSPM) in Naples before and after its renovation imposed by King Ferdinand II in 1856 with the royal decree of 21 July. The decree, promulgated during the political crisis of the Bourbon monarchy, was aimed at strengthening the control of this charitable-educational institution of the city of Naples, to retain power over the city. Aims of the work: The paper aims at understanding which aspects of the accounting system were used as a lever to increase control of the CSPM. Methodological approach: The paper adopts Miller and Rose's framework concerning the role of "experts" in the exercise of power, and a qualitative research method rooted in archival research as well as a case study approach. It relies on primary sources kept in the Historical Archive of the CSPM and the State Archive of Naples as well as on secondary sources reconstructing the political climate of the period under investigation. Main findings: The real novelty resulting from the reform lies in the introduction of experts into the apparatus of accounting surveillance on the CSPM, making the case study an example of the use of experts for control by political power.