Accounting Information Research Articles

Problems of the Transformation of Financial Statements on Leasing Transactions

Accurate accounting information plays an important role in decision-making in any area of business, including the provision of leasing services. Therefore, an important factor in the development of leasing is the complete preparation of financial statements of the activities of the lessor and the lessee and the reliable reflection of the financial condition and financial results of the activities of these participants. The general purpose of financial statements is to provide information about an organization's financial condition, financial results and cash flows that are useful in making managerial decisions. Financial statements also show the results of management of resources entrusted to the management of the organization.

A binarization approach to model interactions between categorical predictors in Generalized Linear Models

In this paper, our goal is to enhance the interpretability of Generalized Linear Models by identifying the most relevant interactions between categorical predictors. Searching for interaction effects can quickly become a highly combinatorial, and thus computationally costly, problem when we have many categorical predictors or even a few of them but with many categories. Moreover, the estimation of coefficients requires large training samples with enough observations for each interaction between categories. To address these bottlenecks, we propose to find a reduced representation for each categorical predictor as a binary predictor, where categories are clustered based on a dissimilarity. We provide a collection of binarized representations for each categorical predictor, where the dissimilarity takes into account information from the main effects and the interactions. The choice of the binarized predictors representing the categorical predictors is made with a novel heuristic procedure that is guided by the accuracy of the so-called binarized model. We test our methodology on both real-world and simulated data, illustrating that, without damaging the out-of-sample accuracy, our approach trains sparse models including only the most relevant interactions between categorical predictors.

On the formation of accounting and analytical information in investment management

Subject. This article considers a set of theoretical and practical provisions on the formation and use of accounting and analytical information in the investment management during the activities of a commercial organization. Objectives. The article aims to theoretically substantiate the composition of accounting and analytical information and develop practical recommendations for the use of this information in making and implementing investment decisions. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods and special techniques, observation, and systems and comparative analyses. Results. Based on the study of the process of implementing an investment decision, the article defines three stages in it and theoretically substantiates the composition of the accounting integrated information space at each stage of the investment decision. It also reveals the content of the investment analysis area and offers practical recommendations on the use of accounting and analytical information in investment management. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that there is no approach to the formation of an integrated accounting and analytical information space in investment management. The results of the study can be used by managers and specialists whose professional activities are related to investment activities in the process of preparing information for investment decisions by the management of the organization.

Influence of financial accounting information transparency on supply chain financial decision-making

The study examines the ecological and economic effects of the Chinese environment supply chain financial decision-making recommendation systems from 2009 to 2021. Environment analytics has become essential for organizations because of the rapid growth of digital technology and data. This technology offers exceptional corporate performance and environmental sustainability opportunities. This research uses Spatial Durbin Models and mediation effect analysis to examine how environment adoption affects key company performance measures. It also discusses the differences between industry and business models. Environment technologies improve operating efficiency, customer happiness, and company value. According to findings, environmental technology may streamline operational operations, boost customer happiness, and generate value, improving financial performance. Big data has ecological benefits, according to the findings. Environment technology may reduce a firm's environmental effect by improving operational efficiency and allowing sustainable practices. Research shows significant industry and organizational differences. This highlights the need for ecological plans for each sector's needs. Big data also mediates, showing that the environment may affect other operational aspects and increase their impact. Data ethics and responsibility are crucial. The findings demonstrate that the climate may support sustainable behaviors and meet environmental sustainability goals. To better understand big data's revolutionary power. Enterprises must carefully manage and responsibly use this powerful tool to maximize its benefits and minimize its disadvantages. This research will shape environmental strategies and practices as digital possibilities present themselves to enterprises and society.

A Decision Support System is Developed to Determine the Optimal Criteria for Selecting Exceptional Lecturers Based on Their Lecturer Performance Index

Decision Support Systems (DSS) are computer systems that analyze data and convert it into actionable information for decision-making. The prior application mainly emphasized design analysis in web development, neglecting the use of decision-making knowledge as a responsibility within the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. Analyzing data to transform it into information is a complex task involving decision-making. The process of decision-making has a significant impact on the information generated for recommendation purposes. Suggestions in a decision-making process only sometimes serve as a standard for leaders to implement immediately. However, it is essential to acknowledge that multiple suggestions are required to make a final decision since they provide a basis for comparison with earlier recommendations. The Decision Support System (DSS) utilized in this research focuses on selecting the optimal criteria from several criteria. The research employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique, which consists of six stages : Criteria Alternative Determination, Pairwise Matrix Comparison, Criteria And Making Matrix, Square of Pairwise Matrix, Normalisation, and Alternative Ranking. All six steps must be sequentially executed without skipping any stage, ensuring each stage complements the others and generates accountable information. The research concludes by proposing a Decision Support System for Determining the Best Criteria for Lecturer Selection. This system utilizes the Lecturer Performance Index to provide recommendations to parties seeking information on selecting criteria for assessing lecturer performance. The system aims to enhance accountability in the performance of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education.

Controlling Financial Risks' Impact on Accounting Information Quality: Evidence from Iraqi banks

Controlling risk management strategies and implementing preventive actions are essential for creating a secure and conducive environment for individuals and organisations. The study aims to showcase the influence of financial risk control on the quality of accounting information in Iraqi banks. This will be achieved by identifying and assessing risks, as well as designing and implementing suitable procedures to manage hazards. The goal is to produce reliable accounting information that stakeholders can trust. The study employed 154 questions that were delivered to accountants, internal auditors, external auditors, and academics specialising in Iraqi institutions. It consisted of two axes. The initial objective was to evaluate the management of financial risk control in Iraqi banks. The first axis comprised 17 specific questions, while the second axis assessed the accuracy of its accounting information and consisted of 21 questions. The study variables were assessed utilising the statistical software SPSS version 26, while the hypotheses were examined by simple linear regression. The study found that implementing robust procedures and policies to manage financial risks in banks improves the reliability and transparency of their accounting information. This includes effectively addressing various risks, such as geopolitical concerns.

Multi-detector fusion and Bayesian smoothing for tracking viral and chromatin structures

Automatic tracking of viral and intracellular structures displayed as spots with varying sizes in fluorescence microscopy images is an important task to quantify cellular processes. We propose a novel probabilistic tracking approach for multiple particle tracking based on multi-detector and multi-scale data fusion as well as Bayesian smoothing. The approach integrates results from multiple detectors using a novel intensity-based covariance intersection method which takes into account information about the image intensities, positions, and uncertainties. The method ensures a consistent estimate of multiple fused particle detections and does not require an optimization step. Our probabilistic tracking approach performs data fusion of detections from classical and deep learning methods as well as exploits single-scale and multi-scale detections. In addition, we use Bayesian smoothing to fuse information of predictions from both past and future time points. We evaluated our approach using image data of the Particle Tracking Challenge and achieved state-of-the-art results or outperformed previous methods. Our method was also assessed on challenging live cell fluorescence microscopy image data of viral and cellular proteins expressed in hepatitis C virus-infected cells and chromatin structures in non-infected cells, acquired at different spatial–temporal resolutions. We found that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods.

Transforming Inventory Management for Global Manufacturing Efficiency

This qualitative study explores the application of raw material inventory accounting information systems and internal control measures at PT. Perdana Sukses Makmur, a manufacturing company in Indonesia. Through interviews, observation, and documentation analysis, the research identifies that while the company's inventory system is well-implemented, certain internal control measures, such as the combination of functions and responsibilities, require improvement. These findings contribute to understanding inventory management practices in manufacturing firms, suggesting areas for enhancing internal control to improve production efficiency and organizational performance. Highlight: Efficient Inventory System: PT. Perdana Sukses Makmur demonstrates effective inventory management practices. Internal Control Challenges: Addressing function combination enhances organizational oversight. Production Efficiency Implications: Refining internal controls enhances manufacturing performance. Keywoard: Inventory Management, Internal Control, Manufacturing Company, Qualitative Study, Indonesia

Usefulness of accounting information systems for small business profitability in South Africa: A systematic literature review

Accounting information systems are an important instrument in the hands of administrators seeking to maintain a competitive edge in the face of fast technological innovation, having the knowledge, and demanding expectations from customers and business owners. The objective of the study is to investigate the empirical literature pertaining to accounting information systems and companies. This study uses a systematic literature review method to provide responses to the research issue, and the bulk of the research was conducted in industrialized economies where computerized accounting system approaches were widely adopted. The selected method of inquiry consists of the following phases: study choice, development of both inclusion and exclusion guidelines, research designation, quality of research assessment, data collection, and data compilation. Based on the paper’s findings, most small businesses fail to implement accounting information systems in their operations, resulting in low-efficiency levels because of the difficulty of preserving company information records. Furthermore, this systematic literature review adds to the prior literature in three ways: (1) it indicates the usefulness of accounting information systems; (2) it expresses the suggestions that might be implemented to boost the accounting information system; and (3) it describes the research gaps that require to be filled to encourage an improved adoption of accounting information systems for small business profitability.

SOSIALISASI SIA PELAPORAN AKUNTANSI UMKM MAGANG MAHASISWA MBKM UNIVERSITAS INDO GLOBAL MANDIRI

This socialization aims to compare traditional accounting information systems with the latest technology-based accounting information systems in the development of professional quality in the company. In conducting research and analysis, it was found that the latest technology-based accounting information system has advantages in improving the efficiency, accuracy, and availability of financial information. Technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence allow the process of recording, processing, and reporting financial information to be faster and more accurate. However, the implementation of the latest technology-based systems also faces challenges, such as higher costs and the need for higher technical skills. Changes in culture and work processes are also required to adopt these new technologies. In terms of professional quality development, the use of advanced technology-based accounting information systems can help improve professionals' ability to manage financial information effectively. With access to more accurate and relevant information, accounting professionals can make better decisions and provide greater added value to the company.

Challenges and Opportunities for the Implementation of a Unified Accounting System in Pakistan: A Survey Study

This research aims to establish the effects of a Unified Accounting System (UAS) on foreign investors’ trust in Pakistan's FDI decision by evaluating the accounting information’s completeness, transparency, consistency, and timeliness. A quantitative survey design was used, and the research instruments included a structured questionnaire with 27 statements about UAS and its impact on FDI. The survey was conducted on the working population of professionals in different organizations in Pakistan and adopted a minimum sample of 90 working people with a stratified random sampling method. Specifically, the study reveals a positive attitude towards implementing UAS in Pakistan, consequently maintaining compliance with international accounting standards and improving the nation’s appeal to foreign investors. The commitments underpin the need for detailed and, where possible, public and up-to-date accounting information that can contribute to a good investment environment. The paper offers significant policy implications for the Pakistani context and any underdeveloped country seeking to enhance its investment climate structures through sound accounting practices.

Accounting for Impacts: Exploring Sustainability Reporting in Bulgarian Companies under the CSRD

Abstract Sustainability reporting is a key tool for managing uncertainty because it provides transparency, accountability and reliable information on companies' environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. By disclosing relevant data and insights, sustainability reports enable stakeholders to make informed decisions, understand companies' environmental and social impacts, and assess their long-term sustainability strategies. This paper examines the evolving landscape of corporate sustainability reporting in Bulgaria, taking into account the broader context of corporate impact assessment and impact accounting. The study begins with an introduction to the growing importance of sustainability reporting in today's business environment, emphasising the need for transparency, accountability and compliance. A review of the current literature on the subject reveals a notable trend towards increased disclosure of environmental initiatives and impacts, alongside persistent challenges such as inadequate quality and quantity of reporting, expertise gaps and inconsistencies in guidance. To address these issues, the research uses a mixed-methods approach to explore the nature of sustainability reporting, regulatory frameworks and accountability practices in Bulgarian companies. Through data analysis and interpretation of findings, the study reveals a positive trend towards greater disclosure of sustainability initiatives and impacts, albeit with significant variations in reporting quality and methodology. As Bulgarian companies prepare for the implementation of the Corporate Sustainable Reporting Directive (CSRD), the study highlights the essential need to align with evolving sustainability reporting standards to promote transparency and accountability. By addressing these challenges, companies can better meet stakeholder expectations, contribute to sustainable development goals, and build reputation and trust in the corporate sector. Finally, this paper contributes to the field of sustainability reporting by providing valuable insights into the current state of affairs in Bulgarian companies.

Do Two Minds Think Alike? Efficiency Benefits from Common ERP Vendor Use in a Supply Chain

SYNOPSIS Utilizing a common enterprise resource planning (ERP) vendor could improve supplier and customer performance by increasing supply chain information technology (IT) alignment, agility, and efficiency. However, supply chains could be hesitant to utilize a common ERP vendor for fear of intellectual capital loss, increased costs, and IT incapability with existing IT architecture. Relational view theory argues that information sharing and process integration advantages are achieved when supply chain partners share assets, knowledge, and capabilities through relation-specific investments, complementary resources, and knowledge sharing processes. We find evidence that common ERP vendor (CERPV) use is associated with greater supplier and customer efficiency, performance, and partnership strength. Our study directly examines the impact of CERPV use within a supply chain, adding to the limited accounting information systems’ evidence on the role of interorganizational ERP system investments on efficiency.

The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Transparency and Traceability in the Supply Chain of the Food Industry

Abstract: This thesis explores the revolutionary potential of blockchain technology, emphasizing its implications for improving transparency and traceability. Food safety, authenticity, and sustainability are major issues that the food industry must deal with. These issues can have a big impact on customer confidence and safety. In order to properly handle these issues, traditional supply chain systems frequently lack the traceability and transparency features that are required. But blockchain technology provides a decentralized, immutable database that safely and transparently records transactions, which is a promising option. This study investigates the theoretical underpinnings and real-world uses of blockchain technology while conducting a critical analysis of the state of the food industry's supply chain using secondary data from published academic articles. It assesses the effect of blockchain technology on improving transparency and traceability in food supply chains by combining findings from other academic publications, taking into account elements like data integrity, information sharing, and stakeholder participation. This thesis emphasizes how blockchain technology has the possibility to revolutionize supply chain transparency and traceability in the food business. Through the utilization of blockchain's intrinsic characteristics, such decentralization and cryptographic security, stakeholders can augment consumer trust, alleviate hazards, and cultivate increased accountability along the food supply chain

A LASSO-BASED ANALYSIS ON VALUE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN THE BULGARIAN CAPITAL MARKET

The aim of this study is to examine the value relevance of accounting information, specifically the influence of accounting information on the share prices of non-financial public companies listed on the Bulgarian capital market. The data set contains twenty accounting variables and the stock prices of twenty public Bulgarian companies. The analysed period is 01.01.2015 – 31.12.2022. Descriptive statistics and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model are applied. The empirical analysis results show that accounting information affects share prices of the examined companies from 2015 to 2022. Addionally, LASSO regression model is an appropriate model for identifying significant accounting information variables that influence stock prices. The findings of the study offer practical implications for various stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and financial analysts.

Influence of the Merchandise Inventory Accounting Information System on Internal Control of Merchandise Inventory

This study aims to examine the extent to which the Merchandise Inventory Accounting Information System impacts the Internal Control of Merchandise Inventory. The variables examined in this study are the Accounting Information System as the independent variable and Internal Control as the dependent variable. The population for this study consisted of the inventory department of a company operating in the service sector in Bandung. A sample of 40 individuals was selected for the investigation. The research employed a descriptive-analytic approach and verification analysis, utilizing questionnaires for data collection. The data analysis application employs the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25 for Windows. The research employed the Correlation Coefficient Test, Simple Linear Regression, Determination Coefficient, and Normality Test for analysis. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation calculation indicates a "Very Strong" association between the Merchandise Inventory Accounting Information System and Internal Control of Merchandise Inventory. The merchandise inventory accounting information system significantly impacts 74.9% of the internal control of goods inventory. The remaining 25.1% is influenced by external factors that were not included in the variables evaluated by the author. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that the merchandise accounting information system significantly impacts the internal control of goods inventory.

Influence of the Accounting Information System for Providing Credit on Internal Control of Providing Credit

The research was carried out at the Bandung office of PT. BPR Kerta Raharja employed a quantitative methodology, specifically utilizing a descriptive approach and verification methods such as correlation coefficient, simple regression, and coefficient of determination. The sample size in this study consisted of 10 individuals. The research findings indicate that the Accounting Information System for Providing Credit falls under the category of reasonably excellent, with a score of 3.29. Similarly, the Internal Control for Providing Credit is also classified as quite good, achieving a score of 2.96. The calculation of the independent variable, the Accounting Information System for Providing Credit, and the dependent variable, Internal Control of Providing Credit, yielded a correlation value of r = 0.872. The simple linear regression equation is Y = 19.229 + 0.929X. The coefficient of determination (R2), expressed as a percentage, indicates the magnitude of the relationship. The credit-granting accounting information system (X) has a significant influence of 0.872 or 76.1% on credit-granting internal control (Y). The remaining 23.9% is attributed to other factors not examined in this research.

Influence of Cash Sales Accounting Information Systems on Internal Control of Cash Sales

This study seeks to determine and analyze the impact of variables. The research employed a quantitative methodology, explicitly utilizing a descriptive approach and verification methods such as correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, and coefficient of determination. The study included a population of 30 individuals, and the samples collected encompassed the entire community. According to the research findings on a consumer goods distributor company in Bandung, it can be concluded that the company's cash sales accounting information system (X) is performing well, with a score of 3.25. The internal control of cash sales (Y) is also reported to be entirely satisfactory, with a score of 3.19. The findings of this study indicate a significant correlation (correlation coefficient of 0.862) between the Cash Sales Accounting Information System and Cash Sales Internal Control. The Cash Sales Accounting Information System contributes to 74.3% of the variation in Cash Sales Internal Control (R square contribution). The remaining 25.7% is attributed to unexamined factors such as company policy.

Digital Divide’s Impact on Accounting Information Systems Risks Faced by Financial Auditors: A Jordanian Case Study

The study emphasizes the importance of organizational structure, human capital, and legal controls in reducing accounting system risks. Three research questions explore the impact of the organizational structure, the role of human capital, and the significance of legal controls in risk reduction. Using statistical analysis, 104 questionnaires were distributed, and 76 were collected for the statistical analysis, including simple linear regression. The study reveals significant findings. The organizational structure plays a positive and influential role in establishing sound internal control systems that reduce accounting system risks. Qualified human capital contributes to technical progress, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of financial audit activities. Robust legal controls effectively identify deviations, ensuring data integrity and compliance with international standards. Recommendations for the JDRC include establishing a clear organizational structure, investing in qualified human capital, and implementing comprehensive legal controls to mitigate accounting system risks. This study contributes to the literature by addressing unique variables and highlighting the risks and limitations of accounting systems within the JDRC. The findings inform organizations in similar contexts, guiding effective risk mitigation strategies and enhancing accounting system performance.

Effect of government policy and controller’s connection with relevant parties on information quality of Vietnamese audit firms in the context of COVID-19

Accounting information provides the financial state, performance, cash flow, and notes to the enterprise’s financial statements. Information quality plays an essential role for stakeholders in making business decisions. The study examines the impact of government policy and the controller’s connection with relevant parties on the information quality of Vietnamese audit firms in the context of COVID-19. The surveyed subjects include 347 controllers of audit firms in Vietnam. The paper uses quantitative methods, specifically the exploratory factor analysis method, and the ordinary least squares are used to test the model’s hypotheses. Agency and stakeholder theories are used to explain the basis of the study’s theory. The results show that the government policy and the controller’s connection with relevant parties positively affect the information quality of Vietnamese audit firms. The level of correlation between factors is appropriate, between 0.126 and 0.618. Government policy is one of the most influential factors in information quality (0.412). Relevant parties include audit firms, relatives, and the community, and the level of connection between the controller and relatives and the community (0.298) is better than that of audit firms (0.183). The study proposes policies to connect controllers and relevant parties in cooperation and mutual support to ensure strict control activities and improve the information quality of Vietnamese audit firms.