Accounting Information Research Articles

The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on the Value Relevance of Published Accounting Information: Evidence from Iraqi Private Banks

The study aimed to identify the impact of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the value Relevance of accounting information in a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The study dealt with the method of analyzing the information content of the annual financial statements published on the Iraq Stock Exchange website, which number (46). Banks. (15) Banks were chosen as a sample for the study for the period (2012-2021). This sample was determined according to two basic conditions: the availability of financial statements for the year 2021 and the banks’ continuation of disclosing their data for the specified years without interruption. The independent variable was measured by financial reporting standards. The international standard (IFRS) was set at a value of (1.0), and the second variable (value Relevance) was measured using the model (Ohlson, 1995). Data analysis was also conducted through the use of statistical methods and tools and the statistical program (stata), and the study concluded that there is a relationship there is a positive moral significance between the application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the value Relevance of published accounting information. This means that the greater the trend towards adopting international financial reporting standards is accompanied by an increase in the levels of value Relevance of accounting information. The study recommended the necessity the Central Bank of Iraq obligates banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange to comply with the requirements of international financial reporting standards, which in turn reduces information asymmetry by disclosing Relevance accounting information to current and prospective investors.

The landscape of accounting-related research in Indonesia: mapping distinctive settings and future research agenda

PurposeThis systematic literature review presents the evolution of accounting-related research in the Indonesian context. We examine 55 academic articles from the initial 296 records of accounting and finance research in the Q1 Scopus-indexed journals from 1995 to 2022. This study sheds light on Indonesia’s main research streams, unique settings and urgent future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a systematic approach for a comprehensive literature review. We select articles according to a series of criteria and compile the metadata for the bibliographic mapping.FindingsOur bibliometric analysis suggests five main research streams, namely (1) political connection, (2) capital market, (3) audit and accountability, (4) firm policy and (5) banking. We identify the following distinctive country settings, which are well discussed in extant literature: political connection, two-tier board system, weak accounting profession, information opacity and cultural impact on accounting. We outline prospective agendas to examine the institutional mechanisms’ role in addressing major environmental challenges through accountability.Originality/valueThis study offers unique contributions to the literature by comprehensively reviewing accounting-related research in Indonesia. Despite Indonesia’s economic and environmental importance, it has received limited attention from scholars. Using dynamic topic analysis, we highlight the need to examine the role of informal institutions, such as political connections and culture and formal institutional mechanisms, such as corporate governance and environmental disclosure.

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DAN PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM SE-KECAMATAN KEDIRI

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between savings and loan cooperatives' financial performance and factors such as competency, accounting information systems, and internal control in the Kediri area. Participants included everyone on the books at the Cooperative and UKM Office in Tabanan Regency who had worked in the KSP Kediri District and used the accounting information system. Purposive sampling was used to select the study's sample size of 69 participants, and the results were analyzed with multiple linear regression methods. This study's findings suggest that competence has a beneficial and statistically significant impact on economic outcomes. The Financial Performance is significantly impacted for the better by the Accounting Information System. The quality of an organization's internal controls has a noticeable and beneficial impact on its bottom line. Based on the findings of this study, it is imperative that Savings and Loan Cooperatives in the Kediri District be able to provide their employees with on-the-job training in the future. Competent workers will be able to contribute most effectively to the success of the business. 

Costos de agencia y conservadurismo condicional de empresas públicas en la industria eléctrica brasileña

Introduction / objective: In organisations, conflicts of interest give rise to agency costs aimed at mitigating agent opportunism. High-quality accounting information reduces these conflicts by minimising information asymmetry. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the relationship between agency costs and conditional conservatism in Brazilian electric power industry companies listed on the B3. Methodology: Data from 21 Brazilian electric power industry companies for the period 2012 to 2020 were utilised. Twenty-four attributes associated with agency costs were analysed, and Ball and Shivakumar’s (2005) conditional conservatism model was employed as a measure of accounting information quality. Panel data regression models were used to obtain the results. Results: According to the central conditional conservatism model, companies tend to exhibit optimism rather than conservatism, anticipating gains instead of losses. Results, assessed across five dimensions, revealed that factors such as board composition, variable compensation, and agreements with shareholders reduce optimism, while qualified audits, longer tenures, and the presence of a permanent audit committee increase optimism. Therefore, attributes that influence optimism, accounting information neutrality, and consequently, financial reporting quality, are identified. Conclusions: This study benefits various users of accounting information. Investors can pinpoint governance policies that align interests, regulators can enhance oversight, and organisation members can adopt policies that encourage the alignment of interests between principals and agents.

Social and legal conditionality of customs duties evasion criminal liability

The subject of this article is the socio-legal conditionality of establishing liability for criminal evasion of customs and other payments. This article aims to answer the question of the validity of the elevation of the specified illegal act in the field of economic activity to the category of criminally punishable acts by analyzing relevant statistical data, recent legislative changes in the criminal law, studying the author's positions on the expediency of criminal law protection of calculation and collection of customs and other payments, and also taking into account technical transformations in the customs infrastructure. The author used dialectical, systemic, sociological, statistical, comparative legal methods to study the patterns of changes in the field of customs relations and subsequent legislative transformations in criminal legislation, the impact of these legislative decisions on statistical indicators of countering customs crime. As a result of the analysis of current statistical data related to the dynamics of the number of registered crimes, economic harm caused, recent legislative changes in the criminal law sphere, the study of author's positions on the expediency of criminal law protection of public relations related to the calculation and collection of customs and other payments, as well as taking into account information and technical transformations in the customs infrastructure the author concludes that it is advisable to establish a criminal law prohibition on evasion of customs payments, special, anti-dumping and (or) countervailing duties levied on organizations, as well as individuals. The relevance of this article is also due to the fact that over the past almost 10 years there have been no works devoted to the analysis of the socio-legal conditionality of establishing liability for evasion of customs and other payments paid in connection with the movement of goods across the customs border.

Penerapan Biaya Diferensial Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Membeli Atau Memproduksi Sendiri Outlet Pisang Goreng Nugget

This study aims to analyze the application of management accounting information at Pisang Goreng Nugget Outlets in making decisions to buy or produce their own banana nugget raw materials. The type of research used in this study is qualitative, the research method used is a quantitative descriptive method in which this method describes or describes the application of management accounting information so that it can be used as a short-term decision-making tool at the Metro City Fried Banana Nugget Outlet. Data collection techniques in conducting this research, using observation and interview data collection methods. The results of this study the use of differential accounting information is very useful for the management of the Metro City Fried Banana Nugget Outlet in obtaining the information needed to be able to compare which decision is more profitable between buying or producing bugget banana raw materials yourself.

SUSTAINABILITY BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT DENGAN KINERJA SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI KEBERLANJUTAN

This study aims to examine the development of a sustainability accounting information system based on contingency theory. In today's digital era, BPRs face many data sets, including financial and non-financial data. However, empirical evidence is still scarce on how sustainability issues are linked or integrated into the company's internal information system. The initial data used in this study came from 80 respondents from BPRs in Badung Regency. The results show that there is a significant relationship between stakeholder engagement, especially internal stakeholders, and sustainability accounting information systems; most of the surveyed BPRs include sustainability strategies as core BPR strategies; however, there is no relationship between sustainability accounting information systems and BPR strategies, and firm size does not moderate sustainability accounting information systems with BPR strategies. The limitation of this study relates to the small sample size, which only uses respondents from BPRs in Badung Regency. The results of this study are important to encourage the social responsibility of BPRs by developing a sustainability accounting information system.

Research on Enterprise Green Accounting Information Disclosure under the Background of Low-carbon Economy

In order to explore the low carbon economic background of green accounting information disclosure, understand the industry how to adapt to the sustainable development and environmental trends, the article from the overview of the low carbon economy, analyzes the low carbon economy of home appliance enterprise green accounting information disclosure requirements, after according to the current home appliance enterprise green accounting information disclosure problems put forward the specific solutions, including encouraging home appliance enterprise voluntary disclosure of social responsibility information, improve the home appliance enterprise green accounting information disclosure constraint system, improve the home appliance enterprise green accounting information disclosure content, etc. Research shows that the green accounting information disclosure in the home appliance industry plays a key role in the era of low-carbon economy, and helps to improve the sustainability, transparency and credibility of enterprises. However, there are still some challenges, in order to achieve a greener and more sustainable economic development, home appliance enterprises need to further improve their green accounting information disclosure practices to meet the growing demand for environmental protection.

Are credit rating agencies users of government accounting information? Evidence from the sovereign rating process

IMPACT Sovereign governments are regularly evaluated by credit rating agencies (CRAs) that perform an analysis of creditworthiness based on mostly public data. This article shows that the data used by CRAs is mainly drawn from economic and statistical accounts rather than government financial statements. Thus, CRAs cannot be considered users of financial accounting information, at least at the sovereign government level. The evidence also suggests that governmental accounting information is neglected because it lacks the fundamental quality of comparability that CRAs require, given that ratings are ordinal measure of creditworthiness. Unless governments begin producing harmonized financial statements, it is unlikely that CRAs will ever become users of accounting information. Meanwhile, CRAs ground their sovereign rating process on harmonized economic and statistical accounts that are lacking important information on government payables, receivables, contingent liabilities and assets.

Be an Expert: A Critical Thinking Approach to Responding to High-Profile Cybersecurity Breaches

ABSTRACT This case examines three high-profile cybersecurity breaches to illustrate how organizations respond to these situations. Students explore breaches involving Capital One, Equifax, and Target and apply critical thinking to examine attack details, breach prevention, and breach responses by assuming the roles of security consultants, chief information officers, and internal auditors. The case objectives include (1) summarizing how organizations respond to cybersecurity breaches, (2) evaluating threats to organizations’ cybersecurity infrastructure, and (3) justifying how accountants and auditors may respond to cybersecurity breaches. This case is designed for undergraduate- or graduate-level accounting information systems, auditing, information technology (IT) auditing, internal auditing, and fraud examination classes and can be extended for intermediate or advanced financial accounting courses. This case provides instructor flexibility, as the class can be split into three groups with each group assigned as the expert on one breach or one or more breaches can be assigned to all students.

A Bayesian Inference-based approach for extracting driving data with implicit intention

PurposeThe growing availability of naturalistic driving datasets (NDDs) presents a valuable opportunity to develop various models for autonomous driving. However, while current NDDs include data on vehicles with and without intended driving behavior changes, they do not explicitly demonstrate a type of data on vehicles that intend to change their driving behavior but do not execute the behaviors because of safety, efficiency, or other factors. This missing data is essential for autonomous driving decisions. This study aims to extract the driving data with implicit intentions to support the development of decision-making models.Design/methodology/approachAccording to Bayesian inference, drivers who have the same intended changes likely share similar influencing factors and states. Building on this principle, this study proposes an approach to extract data on vehicles that intended to execute specific behaviors but failed to do so. This is achieved by computing driving similarities between the candidate vehicles and benchmark vehicles with incorporation of the standard similarity metrics, which takes into account information on the surrounding vehicles' location topology and individual vehicle motion states. By doing so, the method enables a more comprehensive analysis of driving behavior and intention.FindingsThe proposed method is verified on the Next Generation SIMulation dataset (NGSim), which confirms its ability to reveal similarities between vehicles executing similar behaviors during the decision-making process in nature. The approach is also validated using simulated data, achieving an accuracy of 96.3 per cent in recognizing vehicles with specific driving behavior intentions that are not executed.Originality/valueThis study provides an innovative approach to extract driving data with implicit intentions and offers strong support to develop data-driven decision-making models for autonomous driving. With the support of this approach, the development of autonomous vehicles can capture more real driving experience from human drivers moving towards a safer and more efficient future.

PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI PADA PT LAPAK NIAGA GROUP

The accounting information system in the accounting cycle stages is part of the overall accounting information system designed and implemented by the company. An effective accounting information system is also very important for the long-term success of a company. PT. Lapak Niaga Group is a company that operates in the manufacturing sector, namely producing curtains, bed sheets and bed covers. Judging from its business activities, PT. Lapak Niaga Group is a complex business entity so it requires a good accounting information system to support its activities. The purpose of this research is to find out how best to implement the Accounting Information System in the accounting cycle at PT. Lapak Niaga Group runs according to correct procedures. The research approach used in this research is qualitative, with the scope covering PT. Lapak Niaga Group as the object and subject of research are the parts involved in the company's accounting system. The unit of analysis in this research is the implementer of the income accounting system at PT. group trading stall. From this research it can be concluded that the application of the Accounting Information System in the Revenue cycle at PT. Lapak Niaga Group is not yet fully capable. This can be seen from the fact that there are still multiple roles played by several functions in the organization. The most striking dual role is in the accounting department where in the company the cashier functions as cash receiver, recorder and report preparer.

Managers’ perception of product market competition and earnings management: a textual analysis of firms’ 10-K reports

PurposeIn this study, the author examines the effect of managers’ perception of product market competition on accruals and real earnings management.Design/methodology/approachThe author develops a new text-based measure of the emphasis managers place on product market competition by conducting a textual analysis of firms’ 10-K filings. Using this measure, the author conducts a battery of econometric analyses and robustness checks to investigate the impact of this measure of product market competition on measures of accruals and real earnings management.FindingsThis study finds robust evidence that when management perceives more competitive threats, they are more likely to engage in accruals-based earnings manipulation but are less likely to engage in real earnings management activity. The author argues that these findings are due to managers’ career concerns enticing them to manage earnings via accrual when competition is high, but that greater product market competition discourages real earning management activity as it can diminish firms’ competitiveness.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper have important policy and practical implications since it signals that managers’ perceptions of product market competition is able to affect accounting choices, information environments and economic outcomes in firms.Originality/valueThis study develops a new text-based measure of managers’ perception of product market competition with the aid of GPT-4. The author then using this measure provides firm-level evidence on how this relates to earnings management.

Penerapan Sitem Informasi Akutansi Dengan Manfaatkan Teknologi Dalam Penyusunan Serta Pengelolahan Pembukuan Digital Pada UMKM

The aim of writing this journal is to determine the application of digital-based accounting information systems in the bookkeeping of Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), as well as understanding the importance of using digital technology for MSME players. By using case study methods from research and related journals, it shows that the implementation of accounting information systems by utilizing technology in MSMEs is currently starting to increase, as in MSME players who previously still used manual sales activities are now starting to utilize technology in sales and payment. However, MSMEs still prepare and manage accounting openings manually (traditionally) using paper. Counseling and training continues to be carried out so that it is hoped that the current rapid advances in technology can make it easier for MSMEs to carry out digital accounting which is more effective and efficient, and can also become MSMEs that are open to technological advances.

EDDS-Unet: An Encoder-Decoder Double Skip Connection Scheme for Skin Lesion Segmentation

The paper presents an approach for effective skin lesion segmentation from dermatoscopic images. Aiming at transferring the weights trained from a network originally designed for image classification task, this study proposes to utilize the first layers of EfficientNet as the encoding layers of a U-Net based architecture. Besides, we introduce an encoder-decoder double skip connection scheme, a new skip connection architecture for extracting useful spatial details of skin lesions from the encoding layers. By the double skip scheme, the approach not only fuses information from the encounter layer in the encoder path to the corresponding layer in the decoder path, but also takes into account information of the proceeding encoding layer. In addition, we propose a new decoder network using the Residual blocks and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) blocks to handle the gradient vanishing problem as well as penalize the weight of each layer. The proposed Encoder-Decoder Double Skip with the Unet architecture, namely EDDS-Unet, has shown promising performance when evaluated on the official ISIC 2017 challenge and the PH2 databases. The proposed method achieves high evaluation scores with the Dice Similarity Coefficients of 0.907 for the ISIC 2017 and 0.950 for the PH2 databases without pre-or post-processing steps.

Akuntansi Manajemen Di Era Digital

Rapid technological advances have brought challenges and opportunities along with the development of management accounting in corporate transformation. To maximize the contribution of management accounting, companies need to utilize technology. This article, based on a literature study from various sources, concludes that digitalization has changed the accounting management landscape through process automation, increased data accessibility, system integration, more sophisticated data analysis, solid data security, and the need for the development of skills and roles in the accounting profession . In the era of digitalization, the role of accountants is also changing, requiring the development of skills in information technology. Management accounting in the digital era is experiencing a significant transformation, influenced by advances in information technology and developments in the digital world. The following are some of the main aspects that show how management accounting adapts to the digital era: Management Accounting Information Systems (SIAM), Cloud Computing, Big Data and Data Analysis, IoT (Internet of Things), Automation and Artificial Intelligence, E-commerce Era, Cyber ​​Security , Mobile Computing and Blockchain. With the adoption of this technology, management accounting in the digital era can provide faster, more accurate and relevant information, thereby enabling better decision making in a rapidly changing business environment.

Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Dan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Kinerja UMKM

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are important in the economic growth of a country. In recent years, UMKM at Karawang Base has faced various challenges and changes including low financial literacy, lack of understanding of basic financial concepts such as budget, investment, and long-term planning. difficulty adopting information technology due to limited access and limited understanding of its benefits to operational efficiency and marketing. UMKM's financial management is inefficient, including the difficulty of compiling accurate and regular financial reports, hindering proper analysis and decision-making. Using accounting information systems is important in improving UMKM performance, helping to collect, manage, and analyze financial data efficiently. This research is done using quantitative methods. The sample consisted of 249 UMKMs at Karawang Base District, which were selected through purposive sampling. SmartPLS software is used to test research data using structural equation models. The results of this study concluded that Financial Literacy had no significant impact on UMKM performance with P values 0.103, whereas Information Systems and Accounting Information System Usage had a positive and significant impact with P Values 0,000.
 Keywords: Financial literacy, UMKM performance, accounting information systems, use of information technology

The IFRS 16 implementation in Asia-Pacific countries: enhancing asset pronouncements or opaque information’s conveyance

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 16 in developing countries to enhance asset pronouncements or the quality of opaque accounting information for listed firms’ leasing transactions.Design/methodology/approachThis study designed ordinary least square (OLS) regression models to examine the hypotheses in two ordered tests. The first-order test ascertained the association between fundamental accounting information and earnings or stock prices. Then, the second-order test was nested to add the instrument variable to the first-order one. In addition, the researchers selected 17 Asia-Pacific countries.FindingsFirst, this study contributes to the fair value of firms’ asset measurements, and the accounting discipline requires adaptive scalability to produce future potential cash flows. Second, it reduces literature gaps between the pros and cons of the opaqueness of assets. In addition, these research arguments would be the referee for reducing information’s opacity. Finally, this study demonstrates the impact of IFRS 16’s implementation on firms’ conservatism levels and entropy’s information quality, requiring the regulators to accommodate these issues.Originality/valueDue to the implementation of IFRS 16, the authors are neutral about the impacted financial statements and political consequences for these Asia-Pacific listed firms and countries. First, we propose the uniqueness of problematic elaboration since implementing IFRS 16 results in a more pronounced or opaque information quality due to vulnerable complexities in the financial statements. Second, this implementation is associated with hierarchical information and conservatism, producing accounting information entropy or negentropy. However, the hierarchy theory suggests various levels of conservatism that could increase or decrease the information’s quality.

Does water accounting support sustainable water and business risks of clean water management?

Business risks associated with clean water companies include losses and downsizing loyalty of water users. This risk comes from responsibility, reliability and transparency of clean water sustainable management. This can be solved with water accounting. The explanatory overview explains the water management model using sustainable water accounting approach. The narrative review method consists of a compilation, tables, comparison and summary of research results. The articles are collected in a literature review study from accredited journal websites (Sinta, Emerald, Science Direct). After searching for a research paper keyword criteria the results show that water accounting, in addition to reducing the business risk of clean water service providers, it also supports sustainable water supply. Water calculation components such as gross income, net flow are available water, water emissions and emissions provide transparent and accountable information. The water accounting components can analyze water use, scarcity and productivity to make predictions the need for clean water, because the amount of water produced and used per day can be known for sure. Implementation requires leadership and community engagement sustainable protection of groundwater that the community can enjoy in the longterm supply of clean water.

Penerapan sistem informasi akuntansi dalam mendukung pengendalian internal pemberian kredit pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Millenia Bank Kota Manado

Millennia People's Credit Bank is facing problems that have a significant impact on the health of the bank, namely issues such as substandard credit, which often occur. This risk could cause Millenia Rural Bank to experience losses. To mitigate this risk, the bank must conduct a thorough credit analysis to support internal controls in making decisions to accept or reject prospective customers' credit applications. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative. In the accounting information system, procedures for granting BPR Millenia credit, from submitting a credit application to disbursing credit funds, have been carried out properly and in accordance with applicable procedures. The accounting information system at PT. Millenia Rural Bank plays a very important role in carrying out credit providing activities. With an accurate accounting information system, employees at PT. Millennia People's Credit Bank can easily obtain the data and documents needed before the credit granting process.