Accounting Practices Research Articles

Decoding the impact of firm‐level ESG performance on financial disclosure quality

AbstractThis study examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on financial disclosure quality as measured by disaggregated financial statements (FSDQ), using data from US‐listed companies between 2002 and 2021. We find a positive association between ESG performance and FSDQ quality, suggesting that improved ESG performance is linked to enhanced disclosure quality and accountability and that managerial competence and strong organizational culture accentuate this relationship. Further analysis shows a stronger link between firms with high‐quality accounting practices and good financial reporting readability, whereas complex financial reporting weakens this relationship. Our findings remain valid when alternative measures of key variables are used, and under propensity score analysis, Heckman's two‐stage estimation, and cross‐lagged and entropy balancing techniques, ensuring the analysis is robust and reliable. Overall, our findings provide important new insights into ESG performance, suggesting it fosters enhanced disclosure and accountability to stakeholders.

CEO early-life experience and corporate accounting conservatism: Insights from the socio-political context

Using China's Cultural Revolution as a shock to risk attitude, this study investigates the effect of CEOs' early-life experience on corporate accounting conservatism. We find that CEOs who experienced the Cultural Revolution in their early life are more risk-averse and conservative, and thereby are associated with a higher level of accounting conservatism. Such a positive relationship is more pronounced in provinces with higher political risks, e.g., where the provincial leadership changes and where high-profile provincial bureaucratic corruption cases occur. Also, the positive effect of CEOs' early-life experience is stronger in SOEs where CEOs' political career concerns are more pronounced. Additional analysis suggests that CEOs with early-life Cultural Revolution experience are more likely to adopt conservative accounting practice, such as increasing firm's provisions for liabilities and reducing accrual-based earnings management. Our results add new evidence to support the upper echelons theory and imprinting theory by highlighting the enduring impact of influential socio-political events during early life on the decision-making processes of CEOs.

Inventory Accounting Practices and Their Role in Financial Performance Evaluation

Inventory is a crucial asset for businesses, directly affecting their financial performance. However, despite its significance, many businesses struggle to implement inventory accounting practices in line with established standards. This study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the application of inventory accounting according to PSAK 14, focusing on Central Development Stores. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, gathering both primary and secondary data through interviews, documentation, and literature study. The findings reveal that the store employs a periodic physical inventory system and utilizes the FIFO (First In First Out) method for inventory valuation. The analysis indicates a partial compliance with PSAK 14, with a checklist percentage of 60%, highlighting areas for improvement. A notable discovery is that the store has not yet prepared financial statements, which could significantly impact its financial management practices. The novelty of this research lies in its practical evaluation of the implementation of PSAK 14 within a real business context, offering insights into common challenges. Implications suggest the necessity for the store to enhance its accounting practices to fully comply with PSAK 14, thus improving financial transparency and performance evaluation. Highlights: Partial Compliance: The store's accounting meets 60% of PSAK 14 requirements. Inventory Method: Uses Periodic system and FIFO for inventory valuation. Financial Reporting Gap: The store has not prepared financial statements yet. Keywords: Inventory, PSAK 14, Financial Performance, Inventory Valuation, Accounting Practices

Social Protection as a Strategy for Global Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to empirically test the role of social protection on economic growth internationally. Methodology: The sample used was 71 countries worldwide. Data were gathered from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database and analysed with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis. Results: A significant positive effect of social protection aspects on economic growth was found. Limitations: This study is limited to 71 countries because of the data limitation. Future researches are expected to expand the sample and observation period. Contribution: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of social protection's role in fostering an environment conducive to economic growth, while ensuring equitable resource distribution and sustainable accounting practices. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for formulating regulations and compiling policies for harmonization of accounting regulations at the international level.

Integrating Information Technology into Accounting Curriculum: A 43-year Review

Purpose – This study provides an analysis view of prior studies on the integration of ICT into accounting curriculum.Methodology – The method of document analysis is used to collect the data published from 1981 to 2023 in the fields of social science, specifically focused on the study of information technology and accounting curriculum.Scope of the study – This study revolves around the analysis of the past trends of publication years, the most influential countries, the most research-active institutions and the most highly cited articles in research studies exploring the integration of ICT into accounting curriculum. Findings –From 1981 to 2023, there has been a noticeable and significant increase in research focusing on integrating ICT into the accounting curriculum. This trend reflects the growing recognition of the pivotal role that technology plays in modern accounting education and practice. Practical Implications – The increasing research on integrating ICT into the accounting curriculum underscores the critical need for accounting programs to adopt advanced technologies, enhancing students' technical skills, job readiness, and alignment with industry standards, thereby maintaining educational institutions' relevance and competitive edge.Originality/ Value – This study lies in its comprehensive analysis of how technological advancements have been progressively adopted in accounting education. It uniquely documents the evolution of educational practices in response to ICT, providing a historical perspective that underscores the growing importance of digital competencies for accounting professionals. It also offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers, guiding future curriculum development to ensure accounting education remains relevant and prepares students for modern workforce demands.

The phenomenon of China’s carbon accounting policies and practices

Purpose This study aims to explore China’s carbon accounting policies and practices to enhance its carbon accounting and trading practices and achieve carbon neutrality. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a phenomenological methodology to explore carbon accounting by setting the scope of the phenomenon, establishing research methods, conducting interviews with 30 participants from 14 emitting entities and four accounting firms and establishing methods for data analysis. Five themes were identified using a five-step coding method. Findings The results show no uniformity in the accounting treatment of carbon trading; however, common characteristics exist, and they have generally adopted simplified and conservative accounting methods under China’s emission trading scheme. Their common characteristics are that the granted allowances are not recognised as assets by most emitting entities, emissions allowance assets are measured using the historical cost method, most emitting entities only conduct accounting when there are actual cash flows or outflows with regard to carbon emissions allowance trading, and only a few emitting entities disclose carbon trading information in their financial statements or corporate social responsibility reports. Originality/value This study highlights accountants’ crucial role in carbon activities by guiding emitting entities’ low-carbon initiatives and culture and transforming managers’ mindsets. It also introduces the China Accounting Standards Committee-based accounting methods for allowances and obligations, aiding carbon disclosure quality and sustainability. These findings also inform the carbon accounting standards that may enhance corporate accountability and address climate change.

Mental Accounting Practices and Spending Behavior of Collegiate Students at National University Baliwag: An Assessment

This study assesses the influence of mental accounting practices on the spending behavior of college students at National University Baliwag. It aims to understand how gender and school affiliation influence these connections. The research employs a combination of applied, quantitative, explanatory, and descriptive methods, utilizing data collected through a three-sectioned questionnaire from a sample of 361 students. The findings revealed a high negative correlation between mental accounting practices and spending behavior, stating that students who utilize mental accounting tend to have controlled spending habits. Furthermore, it was noted that gender has no significant difference in mental accounting practices but has a difference in spending behavior. The School of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology (SEAT) showed the highest mental accounting practices, while the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management (STHM) had the highest spending behavior. While several studies have linked mental accounting practices in various shopping methods, this research contributes to the literature by applying the mental accounting theory within a university context in the Philippines. This study is important in understanding behavioral finance, providing guidance and practical implications for the beneficiaries of the study.

Intelligent accounting optimization method based on meta-heuristic algorithm and CNN.

The evolution of social intelligence has led to the adoption of intelligent accounting practices in enterprises. To enhance the efficiency of enterprise accounting operations and improve the capabilities of accountants, we propose an intelligent accounting optimization approach that integrates meta-heuristic algorithms with convolutional neural networks (CNN). First, we enhance the CNN framework by incorporating document and voucher information into accounting audits, creating a multi-modal feature extraction mechanism. Utilizing these multi-modal accounting features, we then introduce a method for assessing accounting quality, which objectively evaluates financial performance. Finally, we propose an optimization technique based on meta-heuristic principles, combining genetic algorithms with annealing models to improve the accounting system. Experimental results validate our approach, demonstrating an accuracy of 0.943 and a mean average precision (mAP) score of 0.812. This method provides technological support for refining accounting audit mechanisms.

Transcultural Perspectives in Nursing: Understanding the Role of Healers and the Evil Eye in Modern Healthcare.

The belief in the evil eye is defined as the power to cause harm through 'negative energy' obtained through a glance. The practice of "medicine of the evil eye or sa mexina de s'ogu" by the "feminas e ominis de mexina" (healers) is so deeply rooted in the Sardinian culture that it influences health practices. Transcultural nursing, conceptualised by Madeleine Leininger, emphasises the importance of providing health care that takes into account patients' cultural beliefs, practices and values. This study aims to explore, from the perspective of Madeleine Leininger's transcultural nursing theory, the perception of the "feminas e ominis de mexina" practising "sa mexina de s'ogu", in order to promote and raise awareness among health professionals of the importance of patients' beliefs and cultures. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The interviews were transcribed, read thoroughly, and analysed. Fourteen healers were interviewed. Six main themes were extracted: (1) figure of the healer in its social context; (2) dynamics and methodology related to rituals; (3) effects of the Evil Eye; (4) ritual demand; (5) effectiveness of the ritual; and (6) comparison between the ancient and modern world. These findings suggest that healers act as central pillars in the connection between traditional medicine and religious practices. In response to the results obtained, it is essential to train healthcare personnel in transcultural nursing in order to provide care that is respectful and in harmony with the individual's beliefs, promoting their comfort and well-being, and their health outcomes.

GREEN ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AND VALUE OF LISTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA

Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of green accounting practices on the value of publicly traded Nigerian companies. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are environmental accounting and stakeholder theory, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research was the ex-post facto research design. Data collection was carried out through stratified sampling, employing secondary data from the annual report of 18 listed firms on the Nigerian stock exchange. Secondary data from 2012 to 2021 period were collected from the annual report of listed firms on the Nigerian stock market. The panel Generalized Method of Moments was used in this investigation as well as other econometric tests. Results and Discussion: The results demonstrated that green accounting practices (waste management disclosure (WMD)) is not significantly related to Tobin's Q (TQ), but was positively and significantly related to price earnings ratio (PE). Research Implications: These findings indicate that while green accounting is essential for ensuring long-term sustainability, its present adoption and acknowledgement in Nigeria may need further progress in order to fully achieve its projected advantages. In conclusion, policymakers should do the following: promote stakeholder engagement, embed green accounting methods into business systems and support environmental preservation. Originality/Value: The present study enhances the current body of knowledge by offering an in-depth examination of the influence of green accounting practices on the value of companies in Nigeria. While there has been research on green accounting practices, there seems to be a gap in the African setting as most studies are focused on developed nations and not emerging economies.

A Modern Approach to the Theory and Practice of Accounting for Uninvoiced Supplies

A Modern Approach to the Theory and Practice of Accounting for Uninvoiced Supplies

Analysis Of Zakat Distribution Policy At Baitul Mal In Central Aceh Regency

The policy of the Baitul Mal in Central Aceh Regency regarding zakat distribution aims to combat poverty in the medium to long term. Collected zakat funds are managed organizationally by the Baitul Mal, emphasizing transparency and accountability. The study investigates zakat distribution programs, related policies, and challenges the Baitul Mal faces. It employs a qualitative approach to provide a scientific overview. Results are expected to show alignment with Quranic mandates, ensuring independent, transparent, and accountable practices. The research aims to depict the reality of zakat distribution policies as efforts to alleviate poverty, catering to recipients' needs (Mustahiq) through consumptive or productive means.

The economic nature and process of formation of accounting estimates and accounting valuations

Subject. Amendments to IAS 8 and, as a result, the revision of the essence of the category Accounting Estimate necessitate the improvement of the Russian methodological framework based on the previous version of the International Standard. When conducting an audit in Russia in accordance with international standards, auditors analyze the category Accounting Estimate, the essence of which is described in IFRS. The article discusses the discrepancy between the essence of the category Accounting Estimate used in the Russian practices of accounting and auditing. Objectives. The article aims to study the essence of the category Accounting Estimate used in the Russian accounting practice, conduct a comparative analysis of the category under study and the category Accounting Estimate in the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and Accounting Valuation in the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Methods. For the study, I used a systems analysis, the method of comparative research, structuring information, data grouping, deduction, and other methods. Results. The article clarifies the definitions of the categories Accounting Estimate and Accounting Valuation, distinguishes these categories, and proposes an interrelated categorical system that unites the concepts under consideration. In addition, the article presents the author-developed consolidated list of disclosures of information on accounting estimates and related accounting estimates in financial statements. Conclusions. The proposals made can increase the degree of harmonization of Russian and International Standards, unify Russian accounting and auditing practices in relation to accounting valuations and accounting estimates.

A psychosocial reading of teacher agency

ABSTRACT The concept of teacher agency has become increasingly prominent in academic, policy and media debates. In rethinking the concept, we are particularly interested in the tension between discourses presenting teachers as heroic agents of individual emancipation and social transformation, such as those found in recruitment campaigns and Hollywood films, and the erosion of spaces for agency brought about by the dominance of discourses and practices of standards and accountability. In this conceptual paper we explore these tensions, building on previous work advocating ecological perspectives on teacher agency. We draw on the conceptual resources of psychosocial theory, including Lacanian discourse theory and recent work in this field articulating agency as manifesting in multiple modalities. Our psychosocial reading of teacher agency makes a number of contributions. First, it provides a more expansive conceptual vocabulary, allowing us to talk about agency in broader, more nuanced ways. Second, it recognises that teacher agency is not always necessarily in pursuit of social good. Third, and perhaps most importantly, it enables us to see the ways in which some modes of teacher agency, rather than manifesting as scenes of heroic possibility, are in fact subordinated forms of agency illustrating the cruel optimism of contemporary neoliberalised education.

Bringing morality back in: Accounting as moral interlocutor in reflective equilibrium processes

The situations in which accounting is practiced raise moral concerns about customer and employee safety, community welfare, environmental sustainability, and human rights. Traditional accounting practices, such as budgets and performance measurement systems, have been widely regarded as ‘crowding out morality’ by objectifying the people affected by a firm's actions. In two North American utilities, we observed a stepwise structured process of moral reflection (which we identify as an instance of Rawls's reflective equilibrium approach), in which accounting, in the form of the risk appetite radar, helped guide executive decision making informed by moral principles. We develop two dimensions of accounting's role as ‘moral interlocutor’: enabling organizational value consensus and organizational value coherence. We identify three features of the observed accounting practice that enable it to act as moral interlocutor: subjectification rather than objectification of potential victims of the firm's actions; de-monetization, that is, considering trade-offs in terms of multiple organizational values, not only in terms of cost; and visualization of the organizations' moral principles on value priorities and how they are shaped by organizational decision making and action. The accounting visualizations did not only enable executives' reflection on rights and wrongs, but also triggered a fuller and richer moral vocabulary that was used for complex decision making involving, for instance, automation and the risk of suicides.

Cultural Perspectives on Financial Accountability in a Balinese Traditional Village

Abstract This study aims to develop accountability practices that harmonize with the local spiritual culture in the Jimbaran traditional village. The current accountability practices are viewed not just as formal procedures but also as informal practices involving moral and ethical relationships with God. An ethnomethodological study integrated with Catur Marga culture as a critical perspective revealed the problem of delays in submitting accountability reports due to the shift in the cultural meaning of “ngayah” and the shift in the implementation of religious ceremonies from spiritual practices to more formal activities. These problems can be addressed by synergizing Catur Marga principles with accountability practices. First, involve community representatives, religious leaders, and traditional elders in the village's financial management, as in regular meetings to align the vision and mission to strengthen the “ngayah” motivation in governance and financial accountability. Second, the traditional village governments must consistently provide Dharmawacana and management accounting training to balance scientific knowledge with traditional spiritual–cultural knowledge. Last is the development of the Catur Marga-based Pararem, which regulates the technical aspects of financial management accountability and should be synchronized with the spirit of devotion to God to preserve the local spiritual culture in the Jimbaran traditional village.

Auditing Accounting Practices: A Critical Review of Current Practices and Emerging Issues

Accounting and auditing are two distinct yet interdependent fields. Accounting and auditing complement each other in terms of the way audit legitimizes accounting while accounting also makes firms auditable. Organization effective financial management relies on the relationship between accounting and auditing, two vital disciplines that collaborate to ensure the integrity, reliability and compliance of an organizations financial operations. The study examined auditing accounting practices: a critical review of current practices and emerging issues. The review summarizes the current practices and emerging issues in the field of audit and accounting profession and also provides ways these issues can be overcome.

The Platformisation of Cancel Culture

Cancel culture claims, narratives and practices now play out in predominantly platformed spaces, spanning from progressive publics and accountability practices to reactionary/anti-woke/far right publics. We argue that platform affordances, architectures and cultures serve as a nodal point to bring together a disparate set of practices, discourses and ideological positions to facilitate polarized, reactionary, and or strategic networked publics in the context of digital politics and the (re)emergence of culture wars. Papers within this special issue speak to our argument in varying ways. They explore the mechanisms, sentiments, tolerances, and practices in local and global contexts. They consider how certain practices manifesting as social justice interventions apply to negatively impact marginalized groups, theorize the role of and power of platforms in propelling cancelations, and track the rituals associated with cancel culture on platforms. In doing so we encompass perspectives and case studies from the global majority to inform what has to date been a largely Western area of focus and scholarship.

What Drives Social Accounting Research? Insights From a Bibliometric Analysis

ABSTRACTWith the increasing importance of sustainability and corporate social responsibility across the globe, social accounting practices are being accepted worldwide; however, the rate of acceptance varies. By analyzing trends, patterns, and future areas of social accounting research, this study aims to address the gap in systematic analysis in this area of research. In the present study, social accounting literature is reviewed through bibliometric techniques, and the vast body of research associated with social accounting is systematized to identify major trends, the most successful authors, methodological variety, and topic relevance. Bibliographic data are retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Data analysis is performed using Biblioshiny R and Python programming languages. The corpus includes publications from 1946 to March 2024, and 2286 publications remain in the final sample. The results indicate a 6.2% growth rate per year, and the leading contributing country is the UK, followed by Australia, Italy, and the USA. Methodological diversity analysis shows a commitment to empirical research, in which surveys and quantitative research dominate. The topic analysis identified 10 major topics. The studie's innovation lies in the comprehensive nature of bibliometric analysis, which provides insights into the growth, development, and diversity of social accounting research. The implications are related to the increasing importance of sustainability and environmental, social, and governance performance areas, while future research opportunities include the use of digital technologies to achieve improved transparency and stakeholder engagement.

Strategic Accounting for Innovation: Empowering Entrepreneurship in the Modern Era

This study explores how modern accounting practices drive entrepreneurial success. Through a comprehensive literature review, case study analysis of successful entrepreneurial firms, and interviews with companies that have implemented innovative accounting practices, this research uncovers the pivotal role of adaptive accounting in financial planning, risk management, and strategic decision-making. The findings highlight that companies utilizing advanced accounting tools are better equipped to handle the complexities of modern business, achieve greater financial transparency, and drive continuous innovation. The study also emphasizes the importance of accounting education and professional development in leveraging technology for these purposes. Additionally, the implications for policymakers and stakeholders underscore the necessity of a regulatory framework that supports advanced accounting practices. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners aiming to utilize modern accounting as a catalyst for business innovation and entrepreneurial success.