Accommodative Response Research Articles

Wavefront sensing for objective assessment of vision therapy efficacy: Preliminary results

The aim of this study was to use wavefront sensing to objectively evaluate the effects of vision therapy in subjects with insufficiency (AI) and infacility of accommodation (AINF). Aberrometry was performed with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront aberrometer for different accommodative stimuli in one subject with AI and one with AINF before and after treatment with vision therapy (VT). A control subject received a placebo treatment. Real-time accommodative response, accommodation and disaccommodation reaction time, accommodative microfluctuations and root mean square of higher order aberrations were compared before and after VT/placebo. VT was effective and wavefront sensing can be used to detect AI and AINF and evaluate these subjects during VT.

Клиническое и экспериментальное обоснование применения фенилэфрина с гипромеллозой в лечении перенапряжения аккомодации у пациентов с миопией

Aim: to perform a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of 2.5% phenylephrine with and without hypromellose for the treatment of extra accommodation strain in schoolchildren with myopia and to perform an experimental evaluation of the pharmacological effective of active ingredient of the finished dosage form (FDF) of preparations containing 2.5% phenylephrine with and without excipients. Patients and Methods: this clinical study enrolled 122 schoolchildren, 11–17 years old, with extra accommodation strain of various severity. The children were split into two groups. The group 1 patients received Irifrin® BK, containing 2.5% phenylephrine with hypromellose, one eye drop at the bedtime during 30 days, and the group 2 patients — Preparation A (2.5% phenylephrine without hypromellose) according to the same dosage regimen. The accommodative function was evaluated using the Speedy-i accommodation analyzer, and the coefficients of accommodation response before and 30 days after the treatment were determined. The experimental study was carried out in 40 sexually mature male rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed to evaluate the development and duration of mydriatic effect and to measure the concentration of active ingredient — phenylephrine with hypromellose, as an excipient (Irifrin® and Irifrin® BK), phenylephrine without hypromellose (Preparation A) and phenylephrine with sodium hyaluronate as an excipient (Preparation B) in the aqueous humor within the eye anterior chamber using high-performance gas-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Results: the drug therapy of extra accommodation strain comprising 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride solution with hypromellose as an excipient (Irifrin® BK) demonstrated a decrease in severity of extra accommodation strain after 30 days of treatment. At the same time, Preparation B did not demonstrate its efficacy. In the experimental study, Irifrin® and Irifrin® BK were superior to Preparations A and B (without hypromellose as an excipient) as regards the peak mydriatic effect and the time required to reach maximal mydriasis. The peak phenylephrine concentrations in the aqueous humor within the eye anterior chamber were reached five minutes after instilling 1 drop of 2.5% phenylephrine with hypromellose solutions. These peaks were significantly higher than those observed after instilling Preparations A and B — phenylephrine in the same concentration but without hypromellose. Conclusion: the addition of hypromellose as an excipient to FDF of 2.5% phenylephrine solution helps to optimize pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient by accelerating its inflow in the aqueous humor within the eye anterior chamber, increasing the topical bioavailability, and extending the exposure interval. It is likely that the above factors have underpinned the efficacy of Irifrin® and Irifrin® BK drugs used for the treatment of extra accommodation strain. The same results were obtained in this study comparing the clinical efficacy of 2.5% phenylephrine solution with hypromellose and its preparations without hypromellose used for the treatment of schoolchildren with extra accommodation strain amid myopia, as proven by the significant improvement of the accommodation indices during the treatment. Keywords: extra accommodation strain, mydriatic effect, peak concentration, rabbit, myopia, phenylephrine, hypromellose. For citation: Makhova M.V., Shikh E.V., Strakhov V.V. et al. Clinical and experimental rationale for using phenylephrine with hypromellose for the treatment of extra accommodation strain in patients with myopia. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):33–38 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-33-38

태블릿 PC를 통해 구현된 증강현실 영상 속 이동하는 시표와 카메라를 통해 실시간 시표가 이동하는 영상 관찰시 나타나는 눈의 조절력 변화에 관한 연구

태블릿 PC를 통해 구현된 증강현실 영상 속 이동하는 시표와 카메라를 통해 실시간 시표가 이동하는 영상 관찰시 나타나는 눈의 조절력 변화에 관한 연구

Особенности аккомодационной функции у детей при различных видах рефракционных нарушений

Nowadays, no single concept has been found that could interpret all morphological and functional changes in the eye during accommodation. This review of Russian and foreign publications is devoted to the analysis of accommodation function in various children's refractive disorders. The analysis shows that each refractive change is characterized by certain features in the accommodation process. The most significant changes in accommodation were found in anisotropic children, it's characterized by anisoacomodation, low accommodation response, and weak unstable accommodation. To exclude persistent functional disorders, it is necessary to diagnosis refractive disorders on early stages and manage their treatment. Key words: accommodation, anisoaccomodation, hyperopia, myopia, anisometropia

Objective Characteristics of Accommodation in Present-Day Schoolchildren with Different Levels of Myopia

Purpose: We study the state of the accommodative function in present-day schoolchildren using the method of computer accomodography. Patients and methods: 74 children (10–16 years old), 54 of them with different degrees of myopia and 20 children (control group) with emmetropia were tested on the computer accomodography devise Righton Speedy-K ver. MF-1. The strength of the accommodative response accorded to the presented accommodative stimulus was determined by calculating the accommodative coefficient response (CAO) and the contraction’s nature of the ciliary body fibers by determining the microfluctuation coefficient (KMF).

Binocular Vision Function and Migraine: A Review

Migraine is a multifactorial disease characterized by recurrent headaches and has complex neuronal and vascular mechanisms, including a wide range of clinical symptoms and other ocular findings. During migraine attacks in migraine sufferers, the accommodative response increases significantly. Migraine sufferers are predisposed to have a subtle deficit in binocular vision coordination, reduced stereopsis, reduced fixation disparity, slightly higher prevalence of heterophoria, and reduced stereopsis. Convergence insufficiency can be associated with migraine and may be the persistent cause of reduced visual functioning. Binocular vision coordination difficulties are the most common findings among migraine sufferers.

Effect of filters on the accommodation and colour discrimination

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the effect of coloured filters on the accommodative response and colour discrimination in young subjects.Methods: Two long pass filters (LED light reduction and 511 nm filter), two selective absorption filters (ML41 and emerald filter), and no filter condition were evaluated. The photorefractor PowerRef3 (PlusOptix) was used to measure the objective refraction at 3 different distances (40, 100, and 400 cm). The measurement obtained at 400 cm was used as a reference to calculate the accommodative response. The fixation target consisted of five letter length words (size corresponding to 6/12 Snellen) that were presented in black font over white background. Words changed with a frequency of 2 Hz according to the rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. The Cambridge Colour Test (Metropsis) was used to measure the discrimination threshold in a 10‐vector ellipse at a 3 m viewing distance. The measurement was repeated twice, and it was performed monocularly. In total, 20 healthy volunteers with no accommodation problems or colour blindness were included.Results: On average, the accommodative response with no filter condition was larger compared to the measurements with filters for 40 and 100 cm. The differences were in all cases lower than 0.25D, and differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). For the colour discrimination thresholds, the ML41 and 511 filters showed statistically significant different values compared to the other two conditions for most of the vectors. The filter 511 had the highest impact on the colour vision, as the results resemble to a Tritan defect.Conclusions: The accommodative response in healthy young adults was not significantly different than the no filter condition. The colour discrimination thresholds with the filter ML41 and 511 were significantly different compared to the no filter condition.

Assessment of central and peripheral accommodative lag by aberrometry

Accommodation lag is important factor for normal vision. Higher lag of accommodation may cause various ocular symptoms particularly during near tasks. In this study, the lag of accommodation was assessed in the peripheral retina and it was compared with the central accommodative lag with aberrometer. In this cross-sectional study, fifty-three young subjects with normal visual acuity and without any active ocular disease or past ocular surgery were included. Aberrations in the central and peripheral field of view up to 30° off axis from the centre in horizontal and vertical meridian in 10° steps were measured with Hartmann-Shack aberrometer with stimulation of accommodation by -2.50D lens. Accommodative stimulus and accommodative response were calculated with defocus and hence accommodative lag was obtained. Accommodative lag in the centre and periphery was compared. Repeated measure of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in lag of accommodation in various eccentricities (F(8.912, 454.514) = 2.372, p = 0.013). Pairwise test showed that lag in the centre was similar with lag on other peripheral field of view (p > 0.05). However, accommodative lag at 10° nasal field was significantly lower than the lag at 20° temporal, 20° nasal, 30° temporaland 30° nasal (p < 0.05). Similarly, lag at 10° superior fixation was lower than lag at 20° temporal, 20° nasal, 30° temporal and 30° nasal fixations (p < 0.05). We found higher lag of accommodation in horizontal off-axis fixations in comparison to that of vertical off-axis fixations (p < 0.05). Lag of accommodation was positive correlated with vertical coma and primary spherical aberrations but negative correlated with secondary spherical aberrations (p < 0.05). Thus, Hartmann-Shack aberrometer was successfully used to assess accommodative lag in the peripheral field of view up to 60° visual field. Peripheral lag of accommodation depends up on eccentricity. Lag was found higher in horizontal off-axis fixation than at vertical fixations. Coma and spherical aberration had association with lag.

Comparison of ocular aberrations and retinal image quality provided by a validated aberrometer and a new open field aberrometer for VEMoS project

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this observational study was to compare the retinal image quality and ocular aberrations provided by a validated aberrometer and by a new open field aberrometer.Methods: This is an observational and comparative study composed by healthy eyes not presenting cataract or ocular pathologies affecting media transparence or visual function. Patients underwent a measurement of ocular aberrations by a closed field aberrometer (Osiris, CSO) and by an open field aberrometer developed for VEMoS European project (OFA, CSO). Both measurements were performed by a qualified optometrist and the pupil size selected for the analysis was 4 mm. SPSS program was applied for the statistical analysis, particularly Wilcoxon test was used to compare both devices considering a significance of 0.05.Results: The study included 20 eyes of 20 patients with a mean age of 36.2 ± 9.7 years. The sphere was significantly more negative with Osiris in comparison with OFA (−0.33 ± 2.17 diopters vs. 0.29 ± 2.17 diopters, p &lt; 0.001), the spherical aberration was also slightly lower with Osiris (0.02 ± 0.03 microns vs. 0.03 ± 0.03 microns, p: 0.045). The rest of aberrometric coefficients including the cylinder, coma, trefoil, quadrefoil and secondary astigmatism showed no significant differences between devices (p &gt; 0.05). Moreover, the point spread function did not presented statistical differences, but a trend to obtain higher values was observed in Osiris (0.219 ± 0.127 vs. 0.189 ± 0.126, p: 0.370).Conclusions: The sphere provided by an open field aberrometer was significantly more positive comparing with a close field aberrometer probably associated to an accommodative response induced in close field aberrometers. Similarly, the spherical aberration assumed small changes between devices, which would be generated also by accommodation. The rest of parameters showed no differences between devices indicating a suitable agreement between devices for these coefficients.

Accommodation through simulated multifocal optics.

We evaluated the interaction of multifocal patterns with eye's accommodation. Seven patterns were mapped on the spatial light modulator and the deformable mirror of an adaptive optics visual simulator, and projected onto the subjects' eyes, representing different contact lens designs: NoLens, Bifocal Center Distance (+2.50D), Bifocal Center Near (+2.50D) and Multifocal Center Near-MediumAdd (+1.75D) and Center Near HighAdd (+2.50D), positive and negative spherical aberration (±1µm). The change in spherical aberration and the accommodative response to accommodative demands were obtained from Hartmann-Shack measurements. Positive spherical aberration and Center Distance designs are consistent with a higher accommodative response (p=0.001 & p=0.003): steeper shift of SA towards negative values and lower accommodative lag.

Gaming for Training Voluntary Control of Pupil Size

Users can “voluntarily” control the size of their pupil by switching focus from a far target A (large pupil size) to a near target B (small pupil size), according to the pupillary accommodative response (PAR). Pupil size is governed by smooth muscles and has been suggested as communication pathway for patients affected by paralysis of skeletal muscles, such as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We here present a video game that relies on PAR: a 2d side-scroller game where the user, by varying pupil size, controls the height at which a spaceship is moving aiming at colliding with bubbles to burst them and score points. The height at which the spaceship flies inversely depends on pupil area. The game is implemented on a Raspberry Pi board equipped with a IR camera and may record the time course of pupil size during the game, for off-line analysis. This application is intended as a tool to train and familiarize with the control of pupil size for alternative augmentative communication.

Effects of Continuous Online Multiplayer Gaming on Ocular Health

Purpose: To study the ocular effects of continuous online multiplayer gaming and reading using smartphones. Methodology: In the study, inclusion criteria were 25 active gamers and 25 readers between the ages of 18 to 25 years of either sex, and the Indian population with ametropia &lt; ± 4.00D sph and -1.25 cyl. Exclusion criteria were subjects with a history of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies, ocular surgery, strabismus, ocular trauma &amp; pathologies, and systemic illness. The GAMERS were allowed to play PUBG for 2hrs, and READERS were allowed to read for 2hrs on their smartphones. The pre- and post-activity values were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: There were significant changes in NPC with accommodative target and RG filter, monocular and binocular accommodative amplitudes, monocular and binocular accommodative facility, and vergence facility (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p&lt;0.05) among the GAMERS and READERS. No significant change in accommodative response, vergence amplitudes, tear film volume, and stability. The differences observed between the pre- and post-activity values of the binocular vision and tear film parameters were the same when compared between GAMERS and READERS (Mann Whitney U test, p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The ocular effects of GAMING are similar to continuous READING on mobile phones. However, the addictive nature of the activity "GAMING" could aggravate the ocular symptoms of exhaustive use.

Accommodation Response Variations in University Students under High Demand for Near-Vision Activity.

The objective of this study was to investigate accommodation changes and visual discomfort in a university student population after a period of high demand for near-vision activity. A total of 50 university students aged between 20 and 22 years were recruited. The tests performed involved positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodation amplitude (AA), and monocular and binocular accommodative facility (MAF and BAF). Visual discomfort was measured on a scale involving a visual discomfort questionnaire (VDQ). All accommodative variables underwent changes during the exam period; specifically, regarding NRA and PRA, 30.4% and 15.1% of the studied population, respectively, appeared to be below average. Moreover, 42.3% of the population exhibited values below average in the second measure of AA. On the other hand, a small percentage of the population was below average in MAF and BAF measurements: 3% in the monocular right eye test, 6% in the left eye test, and 9.1% in the binocular facility test. Finally, the VDQ score did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two measurements. Prolonged near-distance work, such as a university exams period, changed all accommodation systems (amplitude of accommodation, relative accommodation, and accommodation facility). These changes influence an accommodation excess that results in blurred vision, headache, and problems with focusing.

Сравнительная оценка эффективности рефракционной лазерной коррекции и контактной коррекции в лечении нарушений аккомодации у детей с гиперметропической анизометропией и амблиопией

Purpose. А comparative study of accommodation disorders during the treatment of amblyopia in children with hyperopic anisometropia and amblyopia after femtolaser-assisted laser intrastromal keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and children with contact correction. Material and methods. All of the patients were divided into two groups: I group consisted of 20 children who had FS-LASIK, performed according to indications in the amblyopic eye and II group consisted of 12 children who had contact correction. Results. After one year, the objective accommodative response (OAR) of the amblyopic eye was –1.8 ± 0.2 diopters in the 1st group and –1.42 ± 0.55 diopters in the 2nd group (рm-u = 0.04). At the end of the period, the first and second groups' objective reserves of relative accommodation (ORRA) were –1.5 ± 0.3 and –1.4 ± 0.4, respectively. The accommodogram coefficients also increased. The coefficient of accommodative response (CAO) in the first group was 0,1 ± 0,06 conv. units and microfluctuations coefficient (CMF) was 63,5 ± 4,1µF/min. CAO in the second group was within 0,0 ± 0,1 conv. units (рm-u = 0.12), CMF was 60.6 ± 4.0µF/min (рm-u = 0.05). Conclusion. The use of a soft contact lens in children provides a complete correction and improves amblyopic eye accommodation, resulting in an increase in OAR, ORRA and CMF. At the same time, the increase in OAR, CMF and CAO in children after femtosecond laser intrastromal keratomileusis in situ is more effective (p &lt; 0.05). The improvement of these indicators is associated with the provision of permanent full correction of the amblyopic eye. Keywords: anisometropia, hypermetropia, FS-LASIK, contact correction

Accommodation and Vergence Responses to Electronic Holographic Displays and Super Multiview Holographic Stereograms

Electronic holography is an ideal 3-D display technique to ameliorate the vergence-accommodation conflict, which is a possible cause of visual fatigue and discomfort from viewing conventional stereoscopic 3-D displays. Previous studies have measured accommodative and vergence responses to holographic images and to real objects, and the results showed that these responses are in good agreement. To demonstrate the effectiveness of electronic holography as a possible solution to the vergence-accommodation conflict caused by viewing conventional stereoscopic 3-D displays, we measured both accommodative and vergence responses to reconstructed images of holograms and super multiview holographic stereograms. We also measured responses to real objects located at various distances and conventional two-view stereo images for comparison. The results indicate that the accommodative responses to the electro-holographic display and super multiview holographic stereogram change with the vergence response in a similar manner, as is the case with real objects as compared to conventional two-view stereo display. This suggests that the electronic holographic display and super multiview holographic stereograms are promising candidates for resolving the vergence-accommodation conflict.

Binocular vision parameters in handloom silk weavers

Background: Focusing the gaze for prolonged periods on a fixed distance demands high visual efficiency in handloom silk weavers and might result in various accommodative and vergence dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to assess accommodative and vergence parameters and determine the frequency of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVAs) among handloom silk weavers.&#x0D; Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited voluntary handloom silk weavers from the Government-aided Society of Arignar Anna Silk Co-op Society K.H.-1, Kanchipuram, aged 20–39 years. All participants underwent preliminary visual examinations and comprehensive binocular vision testing of accommodative and vergence parameters. Sensory evaluation was performed using stereopsis testing and the Worth 4 Dot test. Motor evaluation included the ocular motility assessment, heterophoria checks for distance and near, near point of convergence, negative and positive fusional vergences for distance and near, vergence facility, negative and positive relative accommodations, both monocular and binocular near points of accommodation, and accommodative facility. The monocular estimate method was used to determine the accommodative response. Quantitative data are expressed as mean (standard deviation [SD]), and qualitative data are expressed as frequency (percentage).&#x0D; Results: We recruited a total of 72 weavers, including 41 (56.9%) men and, 31 (43.1%) women with mean (SD) age, working hours, and work experience of 34.15 (4.12) years, 9 (2.5) h/day, and 17.5 (6.9) years, respectively. Of the 29 (40.3%) weavers with a refractive error, 18 (25%) had astigmatism; seven (9.7%) had myopia; and four (5.6%) had hyperopia. Of the 72 weavers, 38 (52.8%) presented with NSBVAs, including 13 (18.1%) with accommodative dysfunctions, 11 (15.3%) with vergence dysfunctions, and 14 (19.4%) with combined accommodative and vergence dysfunctions. Accommodative insufficiency was the most prevalent dysfunction among all NSBVAs. Overall, 57 (79.2%) patients reported vision-related symptoms during their weaving hours, all with NSBVAs (n = 38), 19 with normal parameters in the binocular vision test, and 15 with no symptoms.&#x0D; Conclusions: The frequency of NSBVAs was high among handloom silk weavers compared to the literature. This implies a need for comprehensive binocular vision examination for people in this occupation to rule out NSBVAs for improving their quality of life and occupational productivity. Future large-scale studies are required to determine the exact NSBVAs prevalence among workers of this near vision-related occupation.

Early intervention in obsessive-compulsive disorder: From theory to practice

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequent and often disabling. Yet, correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment implementation are usually delayed, with undesirable consequences. In this paper we review the rationale for early intervention in OCD and provide recommendations for early intervention services. Two scenarios are discussed, i.e., subclinical (prodromal) obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and full-blown OCD. Although the typical patient with OCD reports a long history of subclinical OCS, longitudinal studies suggest most individuals with OCS in the community do not convert to full-blown OCD. Thus, research on “at risk” phenotypes for OCD and how they should incorporate different risk factors (e.g., polygenic risk scores) are badly needed. For this specific scenario, preventative treatments that are cheap, well tolerated and highly scalable (e.g., lifestyle interventions) are of major interest. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests OCD to be a progressive disorder and the severity and duration of illness to be associated with both biological changes and increased clinical complexity, including greater number of physical and psychiatric comorbidities, increased family accommodation and worse treatment response. Therefore, prompt identification and early treatment implementation for full-blown OCD are also critical for ethical, clinical and therapeutic reasons. Based on the existing findings, we argue that, regardless of focusing on subclinical OCS or clinical OCD, early intervention services need to target a childhood age group. In addition to delivering well established treatments to people with full-blown OCD early on their illness, early intervention services also need to provide psychoeducation for patients, families and teachers.

Effect of Spectacle Lenses with Highly Aspherical Lenslets on Binocular Vision and Accommodation in Myopic Children with and without Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose To evaluate the influence of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) on binocular vision and accommodation in myopic children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and compare the changes after wearing HAL in binocular vision and accommodation in myopic children with or without IXT. Method Forty myopic subjects aged 8–12 years were recruited: 20 with IXT and 20 visually normal children. Stereoacuity, phoria, accommodative facility, fusional vergence, vergence facility, near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, and accommodative response (AR) were measured by wearing HAL or single vision spectacle lenses (SVL) in a random order after adapting for 20 minutes. Accommodative microfluctuation (AMF) was defined as the standard deviation of AR. Changes in binocular vision and accommodation after wearing HAL were compared between the two groups. Results No significant differences were found in binocular vision after wearing HAL versus SVL in either group (all P > 0.05). A greater AMF was found after wearing HAL than after wearing SVL in both groups (0.04 D, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03 to 0.05 D, P < 0.001 for the IXT group; 0.05 D, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.07 D, P < 0.001 for the visually normal group); however, the other accommodation parameters did not change significantly (all P > 0.05). There were no differences in the changes after wearing HAL in any parameter between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion HAL did not significantly change the binocular vision and accommodation for myopic children with or without IXT except for AMF in the short term.

Accommodative Response of Open Autorefractometer with Visual Distance

Accommodative Response of Open Autorefractometer with Visual Distance

Comparisons of Three Methods for Myopia Control in Adolescents.

Objective A rising trend in electronic use has increased the prevalence of myopia in adolescents, but the optimal approach to controlling myopia remains undetermined. Here, we explored the effects of common single vision (SV) spectacle lenses combined with 0.01% atropine eye drops (SV + A), orthokeratology (OK) lenses, and peripheral defocus (PD) spectacle lenses on myopia control in adolescents. Methods Totally 150 myopic adolescent patients (300 eyes) receiving treatment at The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City were enrolled. According to doctors' advice and guardians' wishes, the patients were divided into SV + A group, OK group, and PD group, with each group consisting of 50 cases (100 eyes). The spherical equivalent, axial length, accommodative response index (accommodative sensitivity and accommodative lag), and intraocular pressure were compared before and after 12 months of wearing lenses, and the complications were recorded. Results Before wearing lenses, there was no statistical significance in baseline characteristics such as age, gender, and spherical equivalent among the three groups (P > 0.05). After wearing lenses, the increase in spherical equivalent and axial length in the SV + A and OK groups were lower than in the PD group (P < 0.05), and the SV + A group had the lowest axial length growth. Compared with the SV + A group, accommodative sensitivity was much higher and accommodative lag was significantly lower in the OK and PD groups (P < 0.01). In addition, there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure before and after wearing lenses among the three groups (P > 0.05). Though the OK group patients had more complications, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion SV + A, OK, and PD lenses can effectively control the progression of myopia in adolescents, but SV + A and OK lenses exhibited more significant effects.