Accidents In Children Research Articles

Everyday Life Injuries among Children Under 6 Years Old: Accident or Neglect?

Injuries related to everyday accidents are very common in children and are the main reasons for hospitalization in pediatric surgery. They have similarities with neglect. The main objective is to assess the frequency and circumstances of the occurrence of unintentional accidents in children under 6 years old. The secondary objective is to specify the associated factors and eventually determine if those accidents can be related to neglect. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out at Pediatric Surgical Emergencies Department of Rabat Children's Hospital in 2017. Results: We identified 363 cases of unintentional accidents. The variables were collected on questionnaire. 155 children were aged 6 and under. The median age was 2, 83 years with a predominance of boys (56%). Children over 2 years old were the most affected (55.48%). Low and middle-income families dominated socio-demographic factors. The mothers in almost half of the cases never went to school. In 65.4% of cases, an adult was present during the accident, often the mother (62%). The lesions involved the limbs (64%) and the head (47%). Hospitalization was 24 hours (60.8%). There was no complication in 96.8% of cases. Some risk factors associated with unintentional accidents are also found in negligence.

A prospective study on the profile of accidental childhood fatalities in Central Karnataka

A prospective study on the profile of accidental childhood fatalities in Central Karnataka

A retrospective epidemiological study of paediatric femoral fractures.

Femoral fracture is a significant major trauma in children and adolescents, sometimes resulting in serious complications. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of femoral fractures and to define associated injuries and mortality incidence in a pediatric population below 16 years old. The medical records of all patients with a femoral fracture treated in our hospital from 1997–2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Age, gender, mechanism of the trauma, month and season of fracture occurrence, fracture type, associated injuries, and mortality data were collected. Patients were divided into four age groups and compared. The study included 348 children with 353 femoral fractures. The mean annual prevalence of femoral fracture during the study period was 22.7 per 100,000 children. Except for children less than 1 year old, most fractures occurred in male patients (69%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1. Road accidents were the most common mechanism at all ages. Femoral fractures were mainly due to low-energy trauma in neonates and infants, to road accidents and low-energy trauma in preschool children, to sports accidents in school-age children, and to road traffic accidents in teenagers. February was the month with the most occurrences of femoral fractures. Winter was the peak season for femoral fractures in children aged <1 year and 6–11 years (37.8% and 46.4% of fractures respectively), whereas autumn was the most common season (29.5%) for preschool children and spring (31.1%) the most common in the teenagers group. Diaphyseal fractures were the most commonly reported lesions in all four age groups, representing 72.3% of all fractures. Only 18 fractures were open (5.1%). Eighty-eight patients (25.3%) presented with associated injuries at admission, 12 presented with Waddell’s triad of injuries, and the mortality rate was calculated to be 1.1% (four cases). The circumstances of injury and the seasonality of femoral fractures differed significantly depending on the children’s ages. Moreover, the morbidity of femoral fractures in children was closely correlated with associated injuries. (Level of evidence: Level III).

Lockdown Boredom in COVID-19 Pandemic: As a Cause of Pediatric Foreign Bodies.

COVID-19 has been impacting a large number of people worldwide. In this lockdown has restricted people to stay at home which is likely to impact their physical and mental health especially children can result in a high prevalence of psychological distress. Long term home isolation has potentially increased the risk of domestic accidents in children like lodgment of foreign bodies in Ear, Nose and Throat. Otolaryngologists are at increased risk of getting the infection due to their direct exposure to the airways of the patient, while removing foreign bodies. Preoperative planning and SARS-CoV2 testing is of particular importance for the pediatric population and if testing cannot be performed, patients in all age groups should be handled as though they are positive for COVID-19, and appropriate precautions should be taken.

Baby-Follower: a Child-Care Robot System Based on OpenMV and IOT

Frequent accidents of children at home have caused disastrous injury and economic loss. However, the traditional child-care robots mainly focus on human-computer interaction and emphasize educational function, which cannot be used specifically to solve children’s safety problems. A child-care robot system based on OpenMV and IOT is proposed in this paper. The system is a smart vehicle-type robot, which recognizes and locates the target with the AprilTag label attached to children’s legs and hazard points by the machine vision module, follows the children’s movement, monitors the surrounding environment through sensors, uploads data to OneNET cloud platform and provides audible alarms of the emergency to the guardians in real time. Furthermore, it also provides video real-time transmission function, manual control function and data viewing function through browser and App to protect children from danger and assist guardians to accompany children’s growth.

Radial neck fractures in children secondary to horse-riding accidents: a comparative study

IntroductionIn the pediatric population, fractures of the radial neck account for approximately 1% of all fractures and can have substantial consequences. Given the growing popularity of horse riding and the high-energy traumas that this can entail, we sought to assess prognosis for radial neck fracture sustained in horse riding. HypothesisRadial neck fracture sustained in horse riding is more severe and more frequently associated with other ipsilateral osteoarticular lesions which worsen prognosis. Material and methodWe performed a multicenter retrospective comparative study in a continuous series of 39 patients. The inclusion criteria consisted of radius neck fracture in children under the age of 15 years. Endpoints comprised associated lesions at time of trauma, and ranges of elbow motion in pronation/supination and flexion/extension at last follow-up. ResultsCompared to other etiologies, radial neck fractures following horse-riding accidents were more frequently associated with other ipsilateral osteoarticular lesions (p=0.0002), and more often required open reduction (p=0.0409) and postoperative rehabilitation (p=0.041). However, there were no significant differences in any ranges of motion at last follow-up (p>0.05). ConclusionRadial neck fractures following horse-riding accidents in children were more severe than those caused by other mechanisms. Awareness campaigns in riding clubs and development of specific protective equipment should be considered to reduce occurrence. Level of evidenceTherapeutic III – Retrospective comparative study.

Home and Leisure Accidents in children and young people from 0 to 19 years old in Portugal 2018

Abstract Background Injuries and accidents are a challenge for public health considering their impact on victims and their families, especially in the younger, and also the potential for prevention and predictability. Due to specific characteristics of children and young persons related to the need of exploration and curiosity injuries namely those occur in domestic and leisure time, including the school setting are a topic of particular interest and study. This study aimed to characterize the occurrence of Home and Leisure Accidents (HLA) using hospital Emergency Department (ED) registered in EVITA system, in victims between 0 and 19 years old considering the injury mechanism, place of occurrence and products involved in the accident, in 2018, in Portugal. Methods Were analysed data from the EVITA system, fed by the HLA registry at the ED of the Hospitals National Health that participate in this system. The frequency and distribution of HLA were analysed according to the injury mechanism, place of occurrence and products involved. Results and Discussion In 2018, there were 38 528 ED attendances due to HLA 35,0% of the victims were between 10-14 years old; 23,7% had 5-9 years; 22,8% between 15 and 19 years old and 18,5% had under 4 years old. The results show more frequently HLA in males (59,0%) than in females (41,0%). In children under 4 years old 67,8% of the HLA occurred at home, due to fall (68,6%), having as products most involved the bed (10,2%) and chair or bench (7,5%). Between 5 and 9 years old, most HLA occurred at school (44,5%) due to fall (62,9%), involving ball (15,1%) and scooter/tricycle/bike (6,8%). In young people between 10 and 19 years old 47,7% of HLA occurred at school, due to fall (54,6%), having as main agents involved ball (28,7%) and scooter/tricycle/bike (20,3%). This information reinforces the importance of this problem but it is necessary future lines of research in order to point out the determinants of this mechanisms of injury. Key messages The National Injury Surveillance System provides information that allows to know the characteristics and underlying causes of HLA that occur in children and young people. These data provide useful information for public health professionals working in the field of injury prevention among this vulnerable group of young people.

Accidental childhood poisoning in Paediatrics department of a tertiary care facility: A retrospective review

Background: Accidental childhood poisoning is a recognized preventable cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. This studywas aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, and outcome of childhood poisoning among children in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.
 Material and Methods: Medical records of all cases of accidental childhood poisoning admitted into Children’s emergency room (CHER) of the health facility of study between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively identified and relevant data extracted and analyzed usingSPSS version 22.
 Results: Out of the 7,700 children that presented to CHER over a 5- year period, 42 were cases of poisoning, giving prevalence rate of 0.5%. Of the 42 cases, only 20 case notes were retrieved. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1 while the ages ranged between 6months and 14 years with the mean age of 3.06±2.88. Kerosene poisoning had the highest proportion of 50.0% (10/20) with the overall mortality rate of 5.0% (1/20).The relationship between age, place of residence and outcome in poisoned children was statistically significant (p = 0.038, 0.045 respectively).
 Conclusion: Accidental childhood poisoning is common in Abakaliki. Kerosene still remained the major agent while male toddlers were most vulnerable. There is need to intensify enlightenment campaigns and education of the public about the hazard of improper storage of kerosene and other implicated substances at home.
 Keywords: Accidental poisoning, Childhood, Kerosene

Painful Subjects

Painful Subjects

Health Service Utilization of International Immigrants in Yiwu, China: Implication for Health Policy.

International immigrants' health is receiving increasing attention, reflecting the need for health systems to adapt to diverse migrant populations. To better inform health policies suited for the needs of international immigrants living in China, empirical evidence on the health service utilization of these international immigrants living in China is urgently needed. Our study included 5459 international immigrants including inpatients and outpatients, who were treated over a 4-year period (2015-2018) in one of the most frequented hospitals by international immigrants in Yiwu, Zhejiang province. Data (e.g., demographic information, outpatient costs, inpatient costs, length of stay, and the average number of visits per patient) were extracted from the Health Information System at the hospital. Descriptive analysis was performed to analyze the basic characteristics of international immigrants living in China (e.g., medical costs, length of stay and the average number of visits per patient) during the study period. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the factors that influence the health service utilization of international immigrants. International immigrants tended to use outpatient services (accounting for 97.22% of the whole sample) compared with inpatient services (only 2.78% of the whole sample). Most international immigrants visited the hospital because of orthopedics, otolaryngological diseases, pediatric-related diseases and skin-related diseases, followed by maternity and general surgery. The average number of visits to the outpatient department per patient was 2.1 in 2015 to 2.5 in 2018, and the length of stay increased from 3.45days to 5.81days during last four years. The outpatient costs increased from RMB 800.43(112.22 US$) to RMB 1756.98(246.33 US$), and inpatient costs rose from RMB 10,958.89(1536.44US$) to RMB 20,912.55(2931.94US$) during 2015-2018. The average number of visits and outpatient costs of international immigrants were both lower than those of local Chinese people (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistic difference in inpatient costs and LOS between international immigrants and Chinese. Having health insurance in China was significantly related with higher medical costs. Our results indicate that international immigrants living in China make greater use of outpatient services rather than hospitalization health services. Health services utilization is increasing in the last four years, but it was lower than that of local Chinese people especially outpatient service utilization. Moreover, more attention should be garnered toward specific health issues experienced by international immigrants, such as orthopedic health, maternal and child health, occupational diseases or accidents, and infectious diseases with skin-related symptoms. The policy implications from the results of this study are as follows. First, in order to improve international immigrants' health and access to health services in China, the government needs to pay more attention to incorporating international immigrants' health services to the current health system. Second, health policy is an important determining factor of access to health care, as policy can influence aspects of health services delivery such as the availability of resources, organization, and financing. Therefore, specific framework for the content of health policies focused on international immigrant populations should be developed.

News Writing of Child Accident in Harian Metro Newspaper Online

The aim of the current study is to investigate the child accidents news through the Harian Metro newspaper online.The main justification for this research is a good news holistically must have multiple element such as who, when, where, why and how in the newspaper (Chamil Wariya, 2008). Without a valid fact and six elements of a news item, undoubtedly readers having some difficulties to understanding the reported issue.Two objective of this study are Identify the elements of who, what, why, when, where and how in the Harian Metro children's accident news, and elemental analysis of who, what, why, when, where and how in the Harian Metro children's accident news.Selection of research data was conducted from June till September 2018 because a lot of news on child accidents were reported due that period. Thus, an overall of 17 sample news topics were selected to identify the element of what, who, when, where, why and how to analyze based s content analysis. Descriptive qualitative analysis was used to analyze the result. The findings of the main study show the six elements of news namely what, where, who, when, why and how often frequently used in news involving tragedy or child accident. The elements of how it is used in this type of news to tell the community about a tragedy or accident that happened more clearly and refer to authorities such as the police.

Incidence of accidents and injuries in children under 6 years old in southern Iran: a population-based study

:Background:Accidents and injuries are the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the incidences of different causes of accidents in children under 6 years old. Methods:This population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in one year (2016-2017) on a sample of 6000 children in Southern Iran with a multistage sampling method using a standard checklist for comprehensive child health monitoring. Results:The annual incidence rate of accidents was 16% and the mean age of accident victims was 2.5±1.5 years. Of these, 17.3% and 14.8% were male and female, respectively. 25% of the children suffered from more than one accident. The most common causes of accidents were burns (16%), falls (14%), and accidents involving objects (10%). In multivariate analysis, a higher number of male children in the family and lower child age significantly increased the likelihood of accidents (p less than 0.05). Conclusions:This study was a direct survey of the population, and showed that the incidence rate of accidents in children in southern Iran was in line with that of other regions of Iran, but less than the world average. There was no significant difference in accident etiology and only trends in etiology were found compared to studies using existing data.

Rakshak - A Bore Well Rescue Bot

Over the past few years, there have been several accidents of children falling into abandoned bore wells in India. Abandoned bore wells have turned into death pits for kids. This problem is found all over India. Rescue teams spend hours and sometimes days in futile attempts to save these kids. A lot of money is being spent in these missions. In most cases they are unable to save the kids. Such events have happened umpteen numbers of times in the past, and every time either the government of the bureaucracy are being blamed. The rescue process of saving the child from bore well is a long and complicated procedure &amp; to approach the victim parallely takes about 20-60 hours. This complicated process makes 70% of the rescue operations to fail. Very few of the victims have been saved in such accidents. This paper briefs different techniques used to save kids fallen into the abounded bore wells and also briefly discuss the drawbacks in these methods. In this paper we propose a technique to deals extreme Safe handling of the victim with cent percent recusal &amp; further eradicating the kid from falling in bore well. Our Bot designed constitutes a best Ergonomic Design and performs safest rescue operation.

Developing a conceptual model of pediatric inpatient safety accidents: A mixed methods approach.

Given that injuries to children during periods of hospitalization can lead to more serious health conditions in vulnerable children, preventing pediatric inpatient injuries should be a priority for the pediatric health care profession. This study was conducted to develop a conceptual model of factors affecting pediatric inpatient safety, including all injuries, not just fall injuries, in pediatric units. An explorative sequential mixed methods design was used. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 nurses working in pediatrics units and 17 parents of hospitalized children, and then 200 nurses in pediatrics units and parents of hospitalized children completed a self-report questionnaire. Based on the integration of both qualitative and quantitative data using building and weaving narrative integration, the Pediatric Inpatient Safety Accidents (PISA) model was proposed. The PISA model contains two main domains, the immediate and mediating domain and encompasses the six factors explain of the elements affecting the occurrence and prevention of pediatric inpatient safety accidents. The PISA model can serve as a model to understand child accidents in hospitals as well as to plan customized nursing interventions to prevent child accidents.

Modeling Hypertension as a Contributor to Retinal Hemorrhaging from Abusive Head Trauma.

Retinal hemorrhaging (RH) is indicative and prevalent in abusive head trauma (AHT)—yet the direct cause of the RH from AHT is unknown. Our hypothesis is that RH in AHT is the combination of shaking forces and hypertension. This combination of effects explains why RH is not normally observed in common childhood accidents but is nearly exclusively observed in AHT. An experimental model using porcine eyes was designed to ascertain the required pressure change for sudden RH and, via a computer model, the subsequent stress increase in blood vessels. The porcine eyes were cannulated via the maxillary artery and pressurized until perfusion and RH were observed. Fluid was injected into the head with a computer-controlled continuous flow syringe pump; video of the fundus was recorded during perfusion; and the pressure of the fluid entering the eye was recorded as well. A computer model was created in COMSOL to simulate loading from hypertension, shaking, and the combination of the forces. This model was validated via experimental data collected from the porcine model. It was found that hypertension or shaking alone did not cause an increase in stress required to cause RH. But when the loading of shaking and hypertension was combined, as would occur in AHT, the stress increases were greater than those extrapolated from the porcine model and would cause RH.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Mother Regarding Common Domestic Childhood Accident and its Prevention in Pediatric Ward in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhubaneswar

A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Mother Regarding Common Domestic Childhood Accident and its Prevention in Pediatric Ward in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhubaneswar

The Prediction of Children's Accident Proneness Based on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment

The Prediction of Children's Accident Proneness Based on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment

Stroke in children and adolescents: topical problems of pre-hospital diagnostics

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of pediatrics and pediatric neurology, pre-hospital diagnosis of stroke in children. A review of domestic and foreign literature on the early diagnosis of stroke in children and adolescents, as well as epidemiological data on pediatric stroke, is presented. Particular attention is paid to the features of the symptoms of stroke and stroke-like conditions («stroke masks») in the pediatric population and the analysis of the main factors that influence errors in the early diagnosis of stroke in children and adolescents. Currently, in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke, its «masks» are found in 53.9 % of cases, with hemorrhagic stroke, in 36.3 %, and with transient ischemic attacks, in 9.8 % of cases. One of the most common diseases with which it is necessary to differentiate ischemic stroke in children is migraine. This problem is covered in academic writings that highlight the leading differential diagnostic criteria for migraine and stroke, and also represent a diagnostic algorithm. The clinical features of pediatric stroke, especially manifest symptoms, make it difficult to apply adult screening stroke scales in pediatrics. The article discusses the main scales for the early diagnosis of stroke in adults, and their potential application in pediatric practice. Currently accumulated experience in prehospital and early diagnosis of stroke in children determines the main directions of work to reduce the time of diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular accidents in children, followed by the introduction of reperfusion therapy in pediatric practice.

Incidence of accidents and injuries in children under 6 years old in southern Iran: a population-based study.

Accidents and injuries are the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the incidences of different causes of accidents in children under 6 years old. This population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in one year (2016-2017) on a sample of 6000 children in Southern Iran with a multistage sampling method using a standard checklist for comprehensive child health monitoring. The annual incidence rate of accidents was 16% and the mean age of accident victims was 2.5±1.5 years. Of these, 17.3% and 14.8% were male and female, respectively. 25% of the children suffered from more than one accident. The most common causes of accidents were burns (16%), falls (14%), and accidents involving objects (10%). In multivariate analysis, a higher number of male children in the family and lower child age significantly increased the likelihood of accidents (p less than 0.05). This study was a direct survey of the population, and showed that the incidence rate of accidents in children in southern Iran was in line with that of other regions of Iran, but less than the world average. There was no significant difference in accident etiology and only trends in etiology were found compared to studies using existing data.

Isolamento social devido à COVID-19 - epidemiologia dos acidentes na infância e adolescência

INTRODUCTION: An important issue to be discussed by researchers, managers and other members of the crisis committees to face the pandemic are the repercussions of social detachment, such as domestic accidents with child and adolescent victims. OBJECTIVES: To describe domestic accidents in childhood and adolescence during the period of social isolation in the city of São Paulo-SP, regarding the characteristics of individuals, the event and the evolution of the case. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study, based on data on hospitalizations for external causes, accidents and violence in the city of São Paulo. Data were collected in the hospital information system and the violence and accident information system. The period used for the study was from January to May 2020. RESULTS: 4,169 accidents were registered among children and adolescents living in the city of São Paulo, and consequently, resulting in the diagnosis of injury, trauma and head injury. Among the victims, predominantly male and the main type of accident was falls. CONCLUSION: Given the above, the severity of COVID-19 in Brazil, in the city of São Paulo and in the world, and the need for efforts to reduce the speed of virus transmission at the population level and to reduce the incidence of the disease, so far, social detachment is part of the set of measures necessary to achieve these goals, permanent health education for parents, family members and society is necessary to prevent domestic accidents.