The intelligent construction of coal mining enterprises is the fundamental strategy to prevent and curb major coal mine accidents, and the core technical support to realize the high-quality development of the coal industry. Considering the intelligent construction of coal mining enterprises enabled by emerging information technologies such as 5G and artificial intelligence, this paper constructs a Moran process stochastic evolutionary game model of intelligent construction of coal mining enterprises. Based on the fixed point probability of the Moran process, the probability of successful invasion of the "intelligent construction" strategy and the "traditional production" strategy in the limited coal mining enterprise group is calculated. By comparing the probability of individual fixed point and the probability of neutral mutation, the dominant condition of the strategy under strong selection and weak selection is obtained. The research shows that external stochastic factors, the number and scale of enterprises, the intensity of capacity replacement and the cost-benefit of intelligent construction are the main factors affecting the intelligent construction behavior of coal mining enterprises. When the intelligent construction of coal mining enterprises is in the cultivation period, the intelligent construction of underground coal mines dominated by stochastic factors can be effectively promoted by increasing the intensity of capacity reduction replacement. For the open-pit coal mine dominated by expected payoffs, reducing the number of mining rights and improving the concentration of open-pit coal mining industry will have a better effect on promoting its intelligent cultivation process. When the intelligent construction of coal mining enterprises is in the mature stage, with the improvement of the cost and benefits of intelligent construction, "intelligent construction" strategy will become a general consensus of coal mining enterprises. In addition, this paper analyzes the relevant parameters through specific examples to verify the effectiveness of the conclusions, which provides a scientific basis for effectively accelerating the intelligent construction of coal mining enterprises and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the coal industry.