Accidents In Children Research Articles

Addictive disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and potentially traumatic events in individuals with disabilities.

Background/ObjectivesIndividuals with disabilities (IWD) have a higher risk of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) either in childhood or adulthood, increasing the risk of suicide attempts, mental disorders, and substance use disorder. The aim of this study was to explore the association between substance use, psychiatric symptoms and suicidal behavior with PTEs. A Multisite cross-sectional study was conducted.Materials and methodsThe sample includes 1,098 participants with any type of disability (motor, intellectual, visual, and mixed) located in Mexico City. Traumatic events, violence, discrimination, addictive disorders, and psychiatric disorders were examined. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. Data was collected between September–October 2014.ResultsPeople with motor or visual disability have a higher prevalence in nicotine use disorder (NUD), generalize anxiety disorder (GAD), mayor depression disorder (MDD), want to be dead, and lifetime suicide attempts. Intellectual disability group only presents GAD and MDD. All disability groups have a high prevalence of PTEs. Verbal violence in childhood, sexual abuse, discrimination and serious accidents had a strong impact in the development of NUD, psychiatric symptoms and suicidal behavior.ConclusionThese findings show the relevance of develop specific tools for detection, referral and treatment, in order to improve the mental health of people with disabilities.

Comprehensive review on cervical spine accidents in children

Comprehensive review on cervical spine accidents in children

Development and validation of playful didactic resources for the prevention of accidents in childhood

Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar recursos didáticos lúdicos para prevenção de acidentes comuns na infância para escolares de 4 e 5 anos da educação infantil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de desenvolvimento e validação de recursos didáticos lúdicos, do tipo pesquisa metodológica, desenvolvida em duas etapas, sendo a primeira a construção de recursos didáticos lúdicos e a segunda etapa a validação do material por juízes especialistas. Resultados: Foram elaborados um roteiro de história, duas paródias, uma atividade ilustrada, um jogo e duas brincadeiras que abordaram temáticas de prevenção de acidentes comuns na infância, quedas e queimaduras, sendo posteriormente avaliados por onze juízes especialistas na área da saúde da criança e da educação infantil que classificaram os recursos didáticos lúdicos como ferramentas eficazes para uso em intervenções educativas com escolares da educação infantil para prevenção de acidentes comuns na infância. A média geral de todos os domínios avaliados mostrou 98% de concordância. Conclusão: Este estudo evidenciou a relevância da validação dos recursos didáticos lúdicos para serem utilizados em ações educativas planejadas com qualidade, propiciando às crianças o conhecimento sobre prevenção de acidentes comuns na infância.

Situation and some Factors Related to Injury of Children Under 5 Years Old in 3 Communes of Hoai Duc District, Hanoi City in 2020

Research objective: describe the current situation and some factors related to injury accidents of children under 5 years old in 3 communes of Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city 2020. Objects and research methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 901 families with children under 5 years old in 3 communes of Hoai Duc district, Hanoi city in 2020. Research results: About the situation: The rate of accidents and injuries is 14.77%. Most of the injuries in 2-year-olds accounted for 40.53%. The leading causes are: Fall/fall (41.05%); sharp objects (14.74%) and burns (12.63%). The most common time for children to have accidents and injuries is from 6 am to 12 am (45.79%) and 12 to 18 pm (34.74%). Accidents and injuries are unintentionally caused by children themselves, accounting for 62.11%. 97.4% of children received first aid within 30 minutes of the accident. Regarding the relationship: Male caregivers are 1.46 times more likely to cause injury to children than female caregivers. Caregivers of children who have completed university/college/secondary education are 8.85 times less likely to cause their children to suffer from an accident than people who do not attend school (OR: 8.85, 95%CI: 1.92) – 40.88). Male children have 1.47 times higher risk of having a stroke than girls (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08 – 2.00), the relationship is statistically significant with p < 0.05. Conclusion: The rate of accidents and injuries is still quite high at 14.77%, most of the children have self-inflicted injuries at a time when there are few caregivers at home. Education level, caregiver's gender, and child's gender are related to the risk of injury.

Domestic Accidents in Children Under 15 Years of Age in Kinshasa: About 80 Cases at the Pediatric Hospital of Kalembe-Lembe between 2019 and 2020

Context: Children are vulnerable people who in most cases are exposed to domestic accidents. These accidents occur most frequently in children under 15 years of age. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of domestic accidents in children under 15 years of age hospitalized in Kinshasa. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Kinshasa among 80 children who were victims of domestic accidents between 2019 and 2020. A document analysis tool was used to collect data. Results: These domestic accidents affected more children under 5 years of age (median = 3.5) with a sex ratio of 1.3. They are mainly burning (38.8%) with boiling water as the origin (64.5%) as well as trauma (37.5%) following a fall (86.6%). They occurred more during the day (56.3%), in the playground (47.5%), or in the kitchen (32.5%). These accidents affected the head (35%) and the limbs. Wounds (42.5%) were the dominant type of injury, followed by fractures (32.5%). 81.2% of accidents were managed by health personnel and 40% left lameness consequently. Conclusion: Domestic accidents are common in Kinshasa. Raising the awareness of mothers and those in charge of their care would contribute effectively to their reduction or better prevention. These results constitute a basis for the development of a policy aimed at reducing these accidents.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Children Involved in Traffic Accidents and Their Parents in Japan.

Children who survive traffic accidents, and their parents, may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related symptoms (depression or anxiety), which can hinder the children's development and the parents' ability to provide effective care. In Japan, the PTSD incidence rate after traffic accidents and its related factors remain unclarified. The participants were 79 children and 104 parents. The children were aged 3-18 years when injured. From August through December 2015, participants completed a self-reported questionnaire survey that comprised the 15-item Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms for Children and the Japanese version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. The children's Injury Severity Score (ISS) was also obtained from their medical records. Correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Among the children and parents, 10.1% and 22.1%, respectively, were deemed to be at high risk of PTSD. Their stress scores were significantly positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with the children's age at the time of the accident. Parents who witnessed their children's accidents and those whose children were hospitalized were more stressed. Neither the children's nor the parents' risk for PTSD was associated with ISS or the amount of time since the accident. A system that simultaneously works with children and parents to support both parties' psychological recovery is required. To ensure psychological care post-injury, it is necessary to evaluate PTSD risk, regardless of injury severity. Implementing preventive and early interventions can prove more valuable than awaiting natural recovery.

РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ НАРУШЕНИЯ МОЗГОВОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ С ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНЫМ ГИПОКСИЧЕСКИМ ПОРАЖЕНИЕМ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

Exposure to hypoxia in the perinatal period leads to significant structural changes in the brain (B), which are reflected in the further neuropsychic development of the child. In this regard, the assessment of the state of brain structures and cerebral circulation in young children using high-tech diagnostic methods is of particular importance. Objective of the study: to analyze the indicators of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of B structures for early diagnosis of the consequences of cerebrovascular accident in children who underwent hypoxia in the perinatal period. Materials and methods of research: single-center prospective open non-randomized longitudinal observational uncontrolled study were included in 144 newborns, who were stationed in the intensive care unit and intensive therapy units (ICU) of the Regional Perinatal Center of the Krasnodar Regional Clinical Hospital for severe asphyxia and/or intrauterine hypoxia. Among those included in the study were 76 full-term babies (FTBs) (group 1) and 68 premature newborns (PNs) (group 2). The gestational age (GA) of PNs was 29–37 (32.7±2.6) weeks. The sex composition of the groups (boys/girls) did not differ statistically significantly: n=41/35 – 54%/46% in the 1st group versus n=38/30 – 56%/44% in the 2nd group (p=0.816). All children underwent MRI of the B on 2–10 day of life with the determination of the measurement of diffusion coefficient (DC) in the mode of diffusion-weighted images. Children were observed up to 3 years of age in the follow-up department of the Krasnodar Krai Regional Children's Clinical Hospital. Results: in the PNs group, 35 (51%) GA was 29–32 weeks, in 33 (49%) children – 33–37 weeks. The revealed consequences of hypoxic B damage in children were determined by morphological changes in the nervous tissue and were characterized by objective MRI indicators. Analysis of the data obtained made it possible to identify the ranges of B ADI values, reflecting the subsequent neurological outcome. Further formation of neurological deficits (infantile cerebral palsy, disorders of psychoverbal development, symptomatic epilepsy) was noted in PNs with relatively low DC values 0.69–1.30×10–3mm2/s and 0.64–1.07×10–3mm2/s – for white and gray matter of the large hemispheres of the B, respectively; in PNs with relatively low and relatively high DC values of the white matter of the large hemispheres of the B 1.05–1.24×10–3mm2/s and 1.88–2.00×10–3mm2/s, gray matter of the B cerebral hemispheres 0, 93–1.06×10–3mm2/s and 1.36–1.47×10–3mm2/s. The effect of hypoxia in the intrapartum period was manifested by low DC indices, reflecting manifestations of cerebral ischemia. A significant increase in DC indicators was observed in hypoxic brain damage in the antenatal period and characterized atrophic changes in the nervous tissue. Based on the results of the analysis of B DC indices, reflecting manifestations of cerebral ischemia, statistically significant (p<0.01) direct highly correlated relationships were revealed between the DC indices of the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and the indices of the DC of the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres (rxy=0.975), the indices of the DC of the midbrain (rxy=0.714) in FTBs, between the indicators of the DC of the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and the indicators of the DC of the gray matter (rxy=0.923), the indicators of the DC of the midbrain (rxy=0.787) in the PBs, which indicates the global nature of the hypoxic damage to the B. Conclusions: early diagnosis of cerebrovascular accidents in children using MRI data makes it possible to predict the further neurological outcome of perinatal hypoxic brain injures, contributes to the timely implementation of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures based on an objective assessment of the identified disorders.

Perceptions of Risky Play among Kindergarten Teachers in Norway and China

AbstractRisky play provides multiple benefits for children’s development. This study compared teachers’ perceptions of risky play in one kindergarten in Norway and one in China, including the concept of risky play, the roles of teachers, the protective strategies adopted, and the factors limiting the practice of risky play. The aim of the article is to identify how teachers perceive risky play in different cultures and broaden our knowledge of what risky play is. The research question is: How do teachers from different cultures perceive different aspects of risky play? The study employs a risk “thermostat” model (Adams, 2001), drawing on teachers’ perceptions of individual propensity to risks, perceived danger, potential rewards, and accidents in children’s risky play. Semi-structured interviews with ten employees revealed that teachers in the two participating kindergartens had different perceptions of risky play. Findings indicated that teachers in the Norwegian kindergarten have theoretical and practical experience of understanding risky play within their cultural background. Guided by the kindergarten philosophy (rules or guidelines that kindergartens should follow, such as letting go of children and encouraging risky play), kindergarten teachers in Anji (a county in China) have learned a little about risky play and are gradually developing their views on it in practice. Teachers in both kindergartens support children’s risky play, although in different ways and with different perceptions. This study contributes information on the differences in risky play across countries with diverse cultures.

High-Precision Position Protocol for Vehicle to Pedestrian Using 5G Networks

In a 5G environment, it is possible to provide various services that have not been experienced before based on high-speed, ultra-low latency, high reliability, and ultra-connectivity infrastructure. In particular, intelligent convergence technology that provides high-quality services requires precise location measurement data with a very low error range. This includes high-precision data positioning in self-driving cars. Such a positioning data will enable driverless vehicles to run in a safer and more stable manner. At present, it is possible to measure the exact position of a vehicle through sensors and communication among cars using Global Positioning System (GPS) but it is still difficult to figure out the position between vehicles and pedestrians. Therefore, this paper proposes a communication protocol for Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P) services using 5G networks. This protocol may identify distances between the vehicle and the pedestrian by using signals to identify distances between the vehicle and the repeater, the repeater and the pedestrian, and the pedestrian and the pedestrian. And if you calculate the direction angle using triangulation, you can know the exact location. Based on this location information, the relationship that predicts the time when an accident occurs according to the change in the speed of the vehicle and the walking speed of the pedestrian was analyzed through simulation. According to the simulation results, it was confirmed that the speed of the vehicle and the speed of the pedestrian had a great influence on the time when the accident occurred. Therefore, it also affects the time when a warning message or warning sound should be sent to both the vehicle and the pedestrian, which means that it can actively respond to collisions between the vehicle and the person. In particular, it will be more useful if it is used with sensors when it is difficult to secure visibility due to low-speed intersections, crossings, child protection areas, and fog, and accidents will be reduced if the above-mentioned cases are prevented. In summary, this paper developed a protocol for high-precision positioning of pedestrians to prevent emergencies that may occur with pedestrians in autonomous driving based on the 5G communication network reflecting the structure of SDN. In addition, the correlation between the speed of the vehicle and the time when an emergency situation occurs according to the change in the walking speed of the pedestrian was analyzed through a simulation.

Unusual inhalation of a tissue piece in an infant

Foreign body inhalation is a major problem in children and is one of the most serious accidents in early childhood. It is considered a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. We present a unique and unusual case of inhalation of a piece of tissue in a 10-month-old infant admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Mohamed VI Teaching University Hospital in Marrakech in 2021. The patient was initially seen with acute dyspnea, persistent dry cough, and signs of respiratory distress. The auscultation revealed decreased vesicular murmurs in the right lung field. Chest radiography did not reveal the presence of the foreign body, justifying the use of rigid bronchoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, and revealing the presence of a tissue in the bronchial area. Our case report is distinguished by the strange and atypical nature of the foreign body not reported in the literature. Prevention especially parental education is recommended to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this domestic accident. Keywords: foreign body; aspiration; choking; bronchoscopy.

Prevention of domestic accidents in childhood: knowledge of caregivers at a health care facility.

To analyze caregivers' knowledge about prevention of domestic accidents in early childhood and its association with education level. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a Primary Care Unit in Niterói with caregivers (convenience sample) of children under 6 years old. To classify the knowledge, we adopted the Positivity Index; to verify the association between the variable "schooling" and knowledge, the chi square test was used; statistically significant results: p < 0.05. A total of 256 caregivers participated; 93.5% showed adequate knowledge. In the individual items, the knowledge (100%) about prevention of accidents with sharp toys, firearms, intoxication by products stood out; and less frequently (64.5%), the knowledge of the information contained in the Child's Health Booklet. There was no statistically significant association (p = 0.237) between education and knowledge. Conclusion: The caregivers presented knowledge about the prevention of domestic accidents, and this was not associated with the level of education.

Factors Associeted with Home Accidents in Childhood at Regional Teaching Hospital of Ou&amp;#233;m&amp;#233; Plateau

Introduction: Home accidents (HA) are often unknown in Benin compared to infectious pathologies. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with HA in children admitted to the CHUD-OP. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August 1st to October 31th 2021. We studied children aged 0 to 18 who presented with HA to the pediatrics and emergency reception and triage departments at CHUD-OP. We defined HA as “any event occurring inside the home or in the immediate vicinity of the home that resulted in an injury which was not done deliberately. Results: The hospital frequency of HA was 8.4% (61/725). The median age was 5 years with a male to female ratio of 1.6. Trauma was the leading cause of HA (59%) followed by poisoning (23%). Falling was the main mechanism of trauma (80.6%). The toxins causing poisoning were dominated by caustics (28.6%). The age of the children (p = 0.02), the level of education of the mothers (p , and the area they occur (kitchen with p = 0.04 and on the stairs with p = 0.03) were statistically associated with the occurrence of trauma. Conclusion: HA are common among children admitted at CHUD-OP and factors associated with HA are identified. Measures to prevent home accidents among children in the community should be considered.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Acute Poisoning in Children in Southwestern China: A Review of 1755 Cases from 2014 to 2020.

PurposeAcute poisoning is a major cause of disability and death in children, but there is a lack of large-scale and multicenter epidemiological data on acute poisoning in children.Patients and MethodsThe current study was a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 1755 children aged 0 to 14 years who were hospitalized between 01 January 2014 and 31 December 2020 in southwestern China.ResultsAcute poisoning was common in childhood, particularly in early childhood (607; 34.6%) and preschool (655; 37.3%), and most cases occurred in rural areas (1191; 67.9%). It was more common in boys (934; 53.2%) than in girls (821; 46.8%). In urban areas, poisoning was mainly caused by drugs (266; 47.2%), chemical agents (59; 10.5%), and alcohol (54; 9.6%). In rural areas, it was mainly caused by pesticides (620; 52.1%) and medications (213; 17.9%), the route of poisoning was usually the digestive tract (1671; 95.2%), in most cases the poisoning was accidental (1618; 92.3%), and pesticides (659; 37.5%) and medications (479; 27.3%) predominated. After timely treatment, the majority of patients had no substantial organ damage, sequelae, or disabilities, and mortality was low (17; 1.0%).ConclusionAcute poisoning is a frequent accident in childhood, mainly in infants and preschool children, mostly in rural areas, and poisoning mostly occurs via the digestive tract. Family and community education should be conducted to prevent poisoning.

Death of children by domestic accidents: unveiling the maternal experience.

to unveil the meanings of mothers whose children died as a result of domestic accidents in childhood. a qualitative research, in the light of Heideggerian phenomenology, with ten mothers whose children died from domestic accidents. It was carried out in a municipality of the Northeast Region of Brazil through phenomenological interviews between May and June 2017. The existential analytic was constituted by the comprehensive moments of the Heideggerian method. the meanings unveiled pointed out that, to understand the sudden death of her child, the mother oscillates between feeling guilty, pointing and denying guilt. She reports emptiness, permanent pain, non-acceptance of her child's death, and the desire to keep him in her life. In this journey, the fear that brings limitations to her life and that of her other children is revealed. Final Considerations: it was revealed that the death of the child in infancy compromises the integrality of being a mother, indicating the need for systematic and continuous care for the adequate management of the emotional and social effects.

Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the epidemiologic and clinic profiles of domestic accidents in children.

Background:Domestic accident (DA) is any harmful accidental event that occurs suddenly in the home or its immediate surroundings. Our study aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in the epidemiological and clinical profiles of DAs in children and their management.Materials and Methods:This was a mixed descriptive study, comparing DAs occurring during the COVID-19 lockdown and the same period of the previous year. We exhaustively included all children aged from 0 to 15 years admitted for DAs.Results:The incidence of DAs remains above 50% in both groups. The average age was 7 years and boys were more affected. Before the COVID-19 lockdown, the most common mechanism encountered was accidents on the public highway 20.75%, while during the lockdown, it was represented by falls from a high place with a height of 2 m or more. During the lockdown, 33.86% of patients consulted after more than 24 h of the trauma. Supracondylar fractures and burns remained the most frequent. In all cases, the cumulative frequency of fractures decreased during the lockdown. The COVID-19 lockdown had no impact on patient's management.Conclusion:The COVID-19 lockdown has negatively increased the consultation delay. However, it has considerably reduced the incidence of fractures.

Effect of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge of School Teachers regarding First Aid Management in Selected Schools of Bangalore

Safe childhood is the foundation of a good future. Children face different kinds of accidents at school premises while playing. Prevention of these accidents and their management is essential. A study was therefore conducted among school teachers at Anekal Taluk, Bangalore to make them aware about different accidents of children at school premises and their first aid management. The sample consisted of 30 primary and higher primary school teachers selected by convenience sampling technique. The analysis showed that improvement of knowledge occurred after administering structured teaching programme (STP) on first aid management. Nursing professionals can benefit from the study result at the area of community, administration, research and education.

SUICIDE IN AN AKAN LANGUAGE NOVEL: A FOCUS ON L. D. APRAKU’S AKU SIKA

Suicide in fiction can promote insights into perceptions of, and attitudes about suicide ideation and behavior in a society. This article uses the novel Aku Sika as a case in point. Aku Sika is a novel set in Ghana in the 1950s. It is about a young married woman who attempts to end her life to avoid imminent disgrace. The king’s youngest wife, Aku, plots to commit suicide by hanging from a tree in response to rivalry and evil machinations of the king’s senior-most wife, Sɛkyeraa. Aku suffers from a hand deformity caused by a childhood accident and had been successfully hiding the deformity from public view. Due to her extraordinary beauty, the king selects her as a wife unbeknownst to him that she had a physical handicap, this in a society with a cultural prohibition barring kings from marrying physically handicapped brides. Sɛkyeraa swears publicly under oath that she should be executed if it cannot be proven that Aku was not physically handicapped, then demands that if Aku was indeed physically handicapped, the king should abdicate his throne and divorce Aku. A date was set for Aku to reveal her hand to the public. She decided to self-destruct rather than face public ignominy. On the banks of a major river where she planned to die by suicide, the river spirit appeared and healed her deformed hand. Both Aku and the king kept this a secret until the day of revelation. Aku finally revealed her healed arm and Sɛkyeraa was put to death by state executioners.

Spectrum of Poisoning and Outcome among Children in a Tertiary Hospital, North-East Nigeria: A 20 Years Restrospective Review, 2000-2019

Introduction: Acute poisoning in children is cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. It is a Paediatrics emergency with significant economic cost. There are epidemiological differences in acute poisonings in children evaluated in Emergency departments across different countries and regions of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of poisoning in children in our health facility during the period 2000-2019. Methodology: Case notes of children 6 months to 18 years managed for acute poisoning from January 2000 to December 2019 at Paediatrics unit, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG), were analysed. The International classification of Disease ICD 10 was used. Ethical Clearance was obtained. Results: 26,716 children were admitted with 76 cases of Acute poisoning giving a prevalence rate of 2.8/1000 children. 56.6% (43) were males. 63.2% (48) of children were years of age. 69.7% (53) were urban dwellers and 59.2% (45) from low socioeconomic class. 52.6% (40) of poisoning occurred in rainy season. 97.3% (74) of children had unintentional poisoning. Organophosphates 22.3% (17) and kerosine 22.3% (17) were the most common substances ingested. Snake-bite and corrosive ingestion occurred in 13.1% and 11.8% of children respectively. Ingestion was the route in 84.2% of cases. 75.0% (57) of poisoning occurred at home. ACP occurred in children aged 1 - 5 years (p-value = 0.025); More in Children from low socioeconomic status (p-value = 0.001) and urban settings (p-value = 0.001). There was no statistically significant relation between type of poisoning and gender p = 0.839, season p = 0.608, religion p = 0.504 and ethnic background p = 0.342. 4.2% (3) children died each from organophosphate, snake bite and tramadol poisoning. Conclusion: Kerosine and organophosphate were the leading cause of accidental childhood poisoning.

Drowning Accidents in a Spanish Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study for 29 Years.

Drowning is one of the most frequent accidents in children. We aimed to describe demographic and epidemiological characteristics of drowned children who required admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to identify risk factors to guide possible preventive measures to avoid severe drowning. We conducted an observational study for 29 years (retrospective between 1991 and 2004; prospective between 2005 and 2019) that included all children (0-15 years old) requiring PICU admission after drowning. Data regarding patient characteristics, accident circumstances, and neurological outcomes at PICU discharge were analyzed. A total of 160 patients were included, with no significant decrease over the study period. There was a predominance of males (75%), young age (60%; 1-5 years), summer months (91.1%; May-September), tourists (14.12 [95% confidence interval, 9.2-21.7] times higher risk of drowning than residents), swimming pool accidents (88.8%), and inadequate supervision (77.9%). The mortality was 18.7%, and 7.5% of admitted children had severe neurological sequelae. The initial resuscitation maneuvers by accident witnesses were incorrect in nearly half of the patients in whom these could be analyzed. Emphasis should be placed on implementing preventive measures, focused on the described risk groups, and insisting on adequate supervision, swimming training programs, and training of the general population in safe rescue and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Prospective longitudinal study investigating predictors of childhood injuries from Growing Up in New Zealand cohort: study protocol

BackgroundInjury is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and yet preventable and predictable. In New Zealand (NZ), unintentional injury is the leading cause of emergency department...