Farm Accidents Research Articles

A NURSE PRACTITIONER-LED FARMERS‘ HEALTH SERVICE: SETTING UP AND EVALUATING A UK PROJECT

ABSTRACT: The farming community in the UK have significant unmet health-care needs that have traditionally remained invisible. The project that is the subject of this paper is an attempt to improve access to health care for farmers and make their needs visible. It is based in an upland area of England and involves two nurse practitioners (NPs) and two support workers who provide health care for the farming community. The main targets of the project are farm accidents, mental health and occupational diseases. The NPs visit farms, on request, for consultations and also attend auction marts, agricultural shows and other farmers' meetings. Evaluation is by a telephone follow-up interview with a sample of clients seen by the N P, who will be compared with a group from a similar area who do not receive the service. A farm accident survey is underway, case notes are being audited and the NPs are keeping a reflective diary as further sources of data.

Agricultural accidents in north eastern region of India

An investigation was conducted to characterize the agricultural accidents, their magnitude, causes, severity and economic consequences in one of the states of north eastern region of India, Arunachal Pradesh. The accident data for 6 years between years 2000 and 2005 were collected by conducting a survey and personal interview of the victims in 42 selected villages of 4 districts. Agricultural accident incident rate was 6.39 per 1000 workers/year. All the accidents were non-fatal. Farm implement-related accidents accounted for 40% of the accidents. Slashing of shrubs accounted for one-third of the accidents causing cut and hit injuries of moderate severity. Twenty-five per cent of the accidents occurred on the way to or from the field leading to severe or serious injuries. Two-third of the accidents occurred within 4 h of start of work. Thirty-three per cent of the victims were 40–49 years of age. Based on the analysis, both passive and active measures have been suggested to minimize or prevent the occurrence of agricultural accidents.

The Last Exit to Normal (review)

Reviewed by: The Freak, and: Visions April Spisak Matas, Carol The Freak. Key Porter, 2008160p Paper ed. ISBN 978-1-55263-930-6$6.95 Ad Gr. 7-9 Visions. Key Porter, 2008133p Paper ed. ISBN 978-1-55263-932-0$6.95 R Gr. 7-9 Even three years after his parents' divorce, Ben still has not fully adjusted to the fact that his dad is gay (and now happily partnered) and his mother left Ben with his father abruptly after she found out. Ben, now seventeen, has tried every rebellion trick in the book, until finally, in an act of desperation, his father and stepdad, Edward, decide to move the family out to Montana, where Edward was raised. They hope that in this rural environment, away from bad influences and under the strict tutelage of Miss Mae (Edward's mom, not averse to physical punishment) that Ben will finally find some peace. What Ben finds is that complications and troubled lives exist everywhere, and that his problems are minor compared to those of his eleven-year-old neighbor, who is being severely abused by his father, or his new girlfriend's uncle, who is recovering from serious physical injuries after a farming accident. Harmon adeptly avoids making this a message novel about gratitude and acceptance by letting Ben, sardonic, bitter, and slow to admit his mistakes, do the narrating. In this way, the perspective is firmly trained on a jaded teen, who may allow virtuous lessons to sink in but doesn't necessarily spend much time acknowledging them or exploring their impact. Readers may find intriguing overlaps between Ben and the male protagonist in Peters' Between Mom and Jo (BCCB 7/06), who faces a similar struggle in coping with his parent's sexuality while also seeking his own identity. Copyright © 2008 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Surgery and Global Health: A View from Beyond the OR

In Africa, surgery may be thought of as the neglected stepchild of global public health. There are fewer physicians per population on this continent than on any other; surgeons are rarer still, and almost all of them work in the urban enclaves of what remains a rural region. The story is the same in the poorer parts of Asia and Latin America (with a few exceptions, such as Cuba). Although disease treatable by surgery remains a ranking killer of the world’s poor, major financers of public health have shown that they do not regard surgical disease as a priority even though, for example, more than 500,000 women die each year in childbirth; these deaths are largely attributable to an absence of surgical services and other means of stopping post-partum hemorrhage [1]. Equally unattended, among the very poor, are motor-vehicle and farm accidents, peritonitis, long-bone fractures, and even blindness [2-4]. Cardiac disease, congenital or the sequela of infection, is a death sentence for most people—many of them children— so afflicted in the poorest parts of the world [5, 6]. In some settings, surveys reveal that surgical disease is among the top 15 causes of disability [7], and surgical conditions account for up to 15% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost worldwide [8]. If it is true that surgery is the neglected stepchild of global health, does it follow that there are no surgical services available in the poor world? The truth is even more unpleasant: within poor countries, surgical services are concentrated almost wholly in cities and reserved largely for those who can pay for them. In Haiti, for example, a community-based survey conducted in the 1980s suggested that rates of caesarian section in a large area of southern Haiti were close to zero; maternal mortality was pegged at 1,400 per 100,000 live births [9]. Yet among the affluent of that same country, rates of caesarian section do not vary much from those registered in the United States. Careful scrutiny of local inequalities of risk and access to care reveals that in poor countries, even minor surgical pathologies are often transformed through time and inattention into lethal conditions. Congenital abnormalities such as cleft palate remain life-long afflictions rather than pediatric surgical disease. In addition to surgical abdomens, severe trauma (from road accidents more often than from intentional violence) and other potentially fatal pathologies remain a massive burden of untreated disease that weighs on the lives, and productivity, of the world’s bottom billion. P. E. Farmer (&) Program in Infectious Disease and Social Change, Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA e-mail: paul_farmer@hms.harvard.edu

Analysis of Agricultural Accidents in Turkey

The people working in agriculture face with various dangerous factors. Therefore, the agriculture sector is considered as the most risky groups among all the sectors. The rate of work accidents in Turkey is far above the average in the developed countries. In order to prevent the work accidents, the characteristics of accidents should be determined and the preliminary precautions should be taken. As it is the case in the developing countries, sufficient study about labor security and worker health is not available in Turkey, either. In this study, the work accident characteristic of agriculture sector in Turkey has been tried to be determined. The values in agriculture sector have been compared with the averages of the other sectors and the differences have been determined. It has been regarded that this study will be a positive step for decreasing the rate of work accidents, which brings together many physical and moral burdens in Turkey which has 20 millions of agricultural population.

The Italian system of data reporting in agriculture occupational health: a critical appraisal

Agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors in both developing and industrialized countries. Agricultural workers suffer markedly higher rates of accidents and fatal injuries than other workers, with very few resources available for compensation. One of the difficulties in dealing with agriculture is that it is a very complex and heterogeneous sector. Due to inadequate and non-standardized recording and notification systems, official data on the incidence of agricultural occupational accidents and diseases are imprecise, notoriously underestimated, unsatisfactory and inadequate as an indicator for measuring the effect of interventions. To explore the peculiarities of data reporting systems among agricultural sector focusing on the Italian situation. In recent decades far-reaching national efforts in the sector of occupational safety and health have led to redefinitions and shifts in national policies and priorities, with wide-scale involvement of public and social bodies, field experts, companies, trade unions, public and private insurance agencies. Even so, compared to workers in other sectors, agricultural workers are still under-protected. Occupational safety and health in agriculture need to be addressed with a well-defined strategy and must be integrated into a rural development policy. Integration into the primary health care structure is strongly recommended.

Cardiac Arrhythmias After Traumatic Amputation

Scenario: This is a single-lead rhythm strip from a 38-year-old healthy man who suffered a traumatic amputation of his right upper arm during a farming accident. He was resuscitated and transported to the regional trauma center by Mercy flight. After surgical debridement of his wound, the patient remained sedated and intubated in the trauma intensive care unit. He was hemodynamically stable until the central monitor alarmed for ventricular tachycardia. A regular feature of the American Journal of Critical Care, the ECG Puzzler addresses electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation for clinical practice. To send an eLetter or to contribute to an online discussion about this article, visit www.ajcconline.org and click “Respond to This Article” on either the full-text or .pdf view of the article. We welcome letters regarding this feature.

Safety Assessments of Agricultural Machinery in Iran

Serious agriculture-related accidents are increasing in Iran, and this has come to the attention of authorities and planners. Due to the lack of data for this region of the world, research was conducted in different states of Iran to assess the most common causes of agriculture-related injuries. The relevant factors were divided into the three groups: personal, mechanical, and environmental. The major personal factors were education level, age, experience, injured limb, hospitalization period, gender, injury level, training, working hours, and insurance. The mechanical factors were machine type, machine part, mechanism of injury, machine's effective life, work activity at the time of injury, safety equipment, and insurance. The environmental factors were time of incident, geographical conditions of the accident location, and the time lapse between the accident and arrival at the hospital. The interactions between the various factors were also analyzed. All data were collected directly from farmers or their relatives. Data collection efforts were led by an official from the nearest health center or the local government agricultural office. The results indicated that 53% of injuries were related to personal factors, and 40% were related to the combination of personal and mechanical factors. The results confirmed that tractors and rotating parts were associated with the highest percentage of injuries in machine-related accidents. Lack of safety equipment and working beyond effective machine life was also observed in most cases. Personal factors need to be carefully considered in this region; insufficient levels of education and training were the main personal factors related to agricultural accidents. The results suggest that experience without training does not prevent injury, as more than 80% of injuries occurred to individuals with no training. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant effect of safety equipment and training on injuries. This study showed that agricultural injuries were severe in 60% of cases.

Luxations traumatiques du genou associées à une interruption de l’artère poplitée: Étude critique rétrospective d’une série de 14 cas

Luxations traumatiques du genou associées à une interruption de l’artère poplitée: Étude critique rétrospective d’une série de 14 cas

Burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov., a Burkholderia pseudomallei-like species formerly known as the Oklahoma strain of Pseudomonas pseudomallei

C6786, the clinical isolate of the 'Oklahoma' strain of Pseudomonas (now Burkholderia) pseudomallei, was originally isolated in 1973 from a wound infection resulting from a farming accident in Oklahoma, USA. Environmental isolates C7532 and C7533 from the Oklahoma accident site were found to match C6786. These three isolates and a clinical isolate originally identified as B. pseudomallei that was recovered from a person in Georgia, USA, involved in an automobile accident were characterized by biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence typing and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. Results indicated that these strains comprise a novel species. The name Burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain C6786(T) (=LMG 23618(T)=NCTC 13387(T)=CCUG 51349(T)) as the type strain.

Non-fatal occupational injuries in British agriculture

Objectives: To investigate the incidence, nature and determinants of non-fatal occupational injuries in British agriculture. Methods: As part of a postal survey, data on lifetime histories of work in agriculture...

Psychosocial factors and safety behaviour as predictors of accidental work injuries in farming

Farming is one of the most hazardous occupations in terms of the incidence and seriousness of accidental injuries. Research with other occupational groups has drawn attention to the role of psychosocial factors and stress. Such research needs to be extended to agriculture. Since stress may be a problem faced by farmers, there is a particular need to investigate the associations between farm accidents and work stressors and stress reactions. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, this study aimed to uncover the best psychosocial predictors of injury, while controlling for exposure-related confounders. From a randomly selected sample of 794 farms, 10% of all farms in Ringkoebing County, Denmark, 393 farmers completed completed weekly accident registration over 12 months. The study sample consisted of 310 farmers who also completed questionnaires on psychosocial factors. Results indicated that farm stressors (including perceived economic problems), stress symptoms, and safety behaviour were predictors of occupational farm accidents. Higher levels of stressors and stress symptoms and poor safety behaviour were all associated with an elevated risk of injury. In the case of stress symptoms, the relation with accidents occurred via an interaction with safety behaviour. The combination of high levels of stress symptoms and poor safety behaviour was associated with a particularly high accident risk.

1.農作業事故災害の実態とその予防対策について(シンポジウム8:農業における安全と健康-現状、課題、解決に向けて-,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

1.農作業事故災害の実態とその予防対策について(シンポジウム8:農業における安全と健康-現状、課題、解決に向けて-,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

2.農業従事者の安全と健康に関わる法制度及び保険制度 : 農業労働災害を中心に(シンポジウム8:農業における安全と健康-現状、課題、解決に向けて-,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

2.農業従事者の安全と健康に関わる法制度及び保険制度 : 農業労働災害を中心に(シンポジウム8:農業における安全と健康-現状、課題、解決に向けて-,地方の時代の産業保健,第79回日本産業衛生学会)

Selling Safety: The Farm Safety Movement’s Emergence and Evolution from 1940–1975

Abstract This paper examines both the farm accident problem and the institutional response it engendered. Farm safety leaders fashioned a largely educational movement to address farm families’ technologically complex environments, since farming’s entrepreneurial nature required a different approach than did efforts in other occupational domains. The nation’s rural policymakers had largely neglected the issue until the Second World War, when they recognized that farm accidents threatened the nation’s wartime mobilization efforts. The farm safety movement was characterized by a cooperative effort, which included the National Safety Council, the United States Department of Agriculture, land grant colleges, and the nation’s rural youth organizations. However, efforts to impose more stringent regulations faced resistance from farmers after the creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Selling Safety: The Farm Safety Movement's Emergence and Evolution from 1940-1975

This paper examines both the farm accident problem and the institutional response it engendered. Farm safety leaders fashioned a largely educational movement to address farm families’ technologically complex environments, since farming’s entrepreneurial nature required a different approach than did efforts in other occupational domains. The nation’s rural policymakers had largely neglected that issue until the Second World War, when they recognised that farm accidents threatened the nation’s wartime mobilization efforts. The farm safety movement was characterized by a cooperative effort, which included the National Safety Council, the United States Department of Agriculture, land grant colleges, and the nation’s rural youth organizations. However, efforts to impose more stringent regulations faced resistance from farmers after the creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Zuckweiler???s Image Imprinting in the Treatment of Phantom Pain: Case Reports

Three cases, taken from a study that worked with 14 subjects, demonstrate the five-step method of using Zuckweiler’s Image Imprinting (ZIPS) intervention to treat phantom pain and phantom sensation. ZIPS is a form of mental imagery that reprograms the mind to correct the discrepancy between the old body image and the changed body form to treat phantom pain and phantom sensation. Case 1 describes a 79-year-old woman with diabetes, a bilateral transtibial amputee whose separate amputations occurred 2 years and 1 year before ZIPS training. Case 2 reports on a 37-year-old woman with diabetes, whose transtibial amputation occurred 3 years before ZIPS training. Case 3 describes a 79-year-old man, a transtibial amputee as a result of a farming accident 61 years before ZIPS training. All three subjects were free of phantom pain and phantom sensation 6 months post-treatment.

The pathological features and circumstances of death of lethal crush/traumatic asphyxia in adults—A 25-year study

A 25-year retrospective study of cases of crush/traumatic asphyxia autopsied at Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, Australia from 1980 to 2004 was undertaken. A total of 79 cases of crush asphyxia was found consisting of 63 males (80%) and 16 females (20%). The age range of the males was 19–86 years (mean = 41.8 years) and of the females was 19–75 years (mean = 38.6 years). In 18 cases the exact circumstances of death were unclear, leaving 61 cases in which details of the fatal episode were available. Major categories included vehicle crashes ( N = 37), industrial accidents ( N = 9), farm accidents ( N = 6) and entrapment beneath vehicles ( N = 5). Forty of the 79 victims (51%) had only very minor bruises and abrasions; 28 (35%) had evidence of chest compression with rib and sternal fractures and large areas of soft tissue bruising of the chest; 7 cases (9%) had other significant injuries or findings that had contributed to death. All of these victims had signs of crush asphyxia in the form of intense purple congestion and swelling of the face and neck, and/or petechial hemorrhages of the skin of the face and/or conjunctivae. The pattern of pathological findings of crush asphyxia was not influenced by the presence or absence of concomitant serious or lethal injuries. In 4 cases (5%) where the circumstances of the lethal episode were those of crush asphyxia there were no characteristic pathological findings. This study has shown that a high percentage of crush asphyxias may be caused by vehicle accidents. It has also demonstrated that on occasion fatal crush asphyxia may have to be a diagnosis of exclusion, made only when there are characteristic death scene findings, and no evidence of lethal natural diseases or injuries at autopsy, with negative toxicological screening.

An unusual farm injury: divergent carpometacarpal joint dislocations

This paper reports a farm accident by an animal causing an extremely rare divergent dislocation of the four carpometacarpal joints.

P.4.017 Protection against organophosphates inducedirreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition by concomitant administration of donepezil and pyridostygmine

The possibility that nerve agents will be used on the battlefield is real. The traditional therapy against nerve agent exposure consists of pyridostigmine pretreatment and atropine-pralidoxime chloride therapy administered after nerve agent exposure. This therapy regimen is extremely effective in preventing mortality in laboratory animals exposed to multilethal concentrations of nerve agent, yet these animals often display convulsions, brain damage, and behavioral incapacitation. We report here that the addition of diazepam to the traditional therapy for nerve agent (soman) exposure not only decreases the incidence of convulsions, but also attenuates the cognitive impairments of rhesus monkeys trained on a Serial Probe Recognition (SPR) task. Monkeys which received diazepam treatment required only 6 days before their performance on the SPR task returned to presoman exposure levels, compared to nondiazepam-treated monkeys which required 15 days. Moreover, only 1 out of the 5 monkeys which received diazepam treatment suffered tonic-clonic convulsions; in contrast all 5 monkeys which did not receive diazepam treatment experienced severe convulsive episodes. These results suggest that diazepam would be an excellent adjunct to traditional nerve agent therapy to facilitate behavioral recovery from nerve agent intoxication that might be encountered by US military personnel on the battlefield or accidental organophosphate poisoning encountered in industrial or agricultural accidents.