Reduction Of Accidents Research Articles

Seguridad e higiene industrial en el proceso de producción para la reducción de enfermedades profesionales y accidentes laborales

El presente proyecto se llevó a cabo a la realización de un plan de seguridad industrial e higiene del proceso de producción en la empresa INDUHORST, para la reducción de enfermedades profesionales y accidentes laborales para la comercialización de equipos que se diseñan y se producen en las instalaciones de la empresa INDUHORST. Intervienen 6 procesos principales para la producción de maquinarias; cortado, doblado, soldado, perforado, torneado y pintado. A través de la matriz de GTC-45 se detectó los riesgos y peligros a los que están expuestos los trabajadores al realizar cada tarea al momento de desempeñar sus actividades laborales. Para ello se hizo una propuesta de una alternativa de solución que reduzca las enfermedades y accidentes laborales en la empresa, pero para establecer dicha solución se realizaron estudios directamente en el proceso de producción, con los trabajadores y las máquinas para obtener valores y poder evaluar cada riesgo y peligro existente. A través de la identificación de riesgos se determinaron varios riesgos hacia los trabajadores, tales como: Ruido, Mala postura, Caídas, Ergonómico y Movimientos repetitivos.

Engineering measures for accident reduction and electrotraumatism in elec-tric networks

Until now, almost the only way to ensure symmetrical loading of AC networks with a voltage of up to 0.4 kV is to connect the load as uniformly as possible to the phases of the three-phase network. This technique does not provide constant symmetry of the load, which entails a decrease in the throughput of power networks and transformers, an increase in network losses, and a decrease in the reliability of power supply to consumers. The authors propose an innovative device for symmetric distribution of single-phase load over phases of a three-phase network. This allows us to solve a number of problems related to the reliability of electricity supply, accidents, electrotraumatism, failures of the energy supply system and reducing the time of interruptions in energy supply, and, therefore, losses of manufacturers

Risk Factors Related to Road Traffic Accidents in Phuket Province, Southern Thailand: a Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Phuket is an outstanding province in promoting its economy to domestic and international tourism in Thailand. An investigation of relevant factors for understanding the accident process is one approach to reduce traffic accidents and thereby support tourism industry. This study aimed 1) to examine the characteristics of traffic accidents, physical and surface conditions, and driving behavior in Phuket province; 2) to investigate for an in-depth understanding the factors related to road accidents, including human and vehicle factors, and environmental conditions; and 3) to construct and verify a model concordant with the empirical data. The research instruments were a structural questionnaire to drivers and a checklist assessment of the road surface conditions. A stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting the drivers. The data were statistically analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (SCFA). The majority of drivers were males (56.75%), aged between 21 and 40 years (57.00 %), married (62.25%), and working as company employees (73.25%). The study revealed that nearly half (47.15%) of the road traffic accidents in Phuket province involved motorcycles, surpassing other types of vehicles. Traffic accidents were more likely to occur during the daytime (38.11%), followed by night-time at 37.03%. Guided by the EFA and CFA, the three categories of factors, namely human, environmental and vehicle factors, were confirmed as appropriate in fitted models. The results of SCFA revealed that almost all traffic accidents were caused by human factors, followed by environmental, and vehicle factors, in this rank order. The fitted model was concordant with the empirical data (χ2/df = 1.847, GFI = 0.972, AGFI = 0.951, CFI = 0.945, NFI = 0.890, and RMSEA = 0.046). Moreover, substandard road surfaces contributed to traffic accidents as an enabling factor. The responsible agency, therefore, should assist in improving the physical road conditions. Safety consciousness must be set as the default behavior for drivers to avoid accidents. Road accident reduction in Phuket province will increase the confidence among tourists for choosing Thailand as their tourist destination.

A Case Study on Pre-Opening Stage Road Safety Audit

Transportation has been instrumental in the growth of cultures since the dawn of time, allowing individuals to migrate and goods to be transported. A poorly aligned road not only creates a possible traffic threat but also increases commuting costs and puts a burden on drivers and travellers. As a result, careful decisions are critical in highway construction, both in terms of current needs and the potential growth of the region. A Road Safety Audit is a critical technique for paying detailed attention to road safety during the planning, construction, and maintenance phases of a road. The two key techniques in road safety work are accident reduction and accident prevention. This study focuses on both aspects. The road chosen in this study is another District Road in Bareilly District, Uttar Pradesh. It originates from Fatehganj Paschmi near NH-530 and merges with SH-37 at Baheri. Road Safety Audit is conducted on the road section before opening it to the traffic. This is a two-lane road without a paved shoulder in which Bareilly-Shahi Road also merges from the side at Chainage km 3+400. It has a Major Junction at Chainage km 10+000 which is densely populated Shahi Village. This study is about the road safety measures adopted on the newly built Bhitoura-Shahi-Shergarh-Baheri road and identifies any flaws that could result in an accident or pose a safety risk to road users. It is constructed to liberate people from traffic congestion. During the day, there is a lot of traffic on the road. On the basis of primary and secondary data collection, a systematic analysis of the road section is carried out. The methodology used entails gathering primary data performing a physical survey (inventory) and analyzing the observations, and secondary data from the appropriate authorities. Various recommendations to improve the deficiencies in order to ensure safe and efficient mobility are suggested as per IRC. The plants and tree along the road sides although control pollution of vehicles yet sometimes their branches have to be cut to reduce accidents.

ANALISIS IKLIM KESELAMATAN KERJA DI PT. XYZ BALIKPAPAN 2021

This study was conducted to determine the safety climate, the safety climate reflects workers' perceptions of the true value of safety in an organization - as a contributing factor to the reduction of accidents due to accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of health and safety scores in the company. This study uses a descriptive analytical method with a total of 100 respondents (total respondents) with a variable measuring the level of work safety using a questionnaire published by the National Research Center for the Danish work environment, namely the Nordic Climate Safety Questionnaire 50 (NOSACQ-50) which contains 50 statements and has been completed. tested and translated in 40 languages, one of which is Indonesian. This research was conducted at PT. XYZ Balikpapan which starts in January until March 2021,. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 dimensions that have an average value below 3.30, namely the management safety empowerment dimension, management safety justice dimension and worker’s safety priority and risk non-acceptance dimension. Suggested improvements include making decisions and receiving advice and input from workers regarding work safety and being fair to workers regarding occupational safety and health for management and prioritizing work safety and not taking risks even though the work is busy and reducing risk-taking behavior that is dangerous for workers.

Analysis of the Correlation between Occupational Accidents and Economic Factors in China.

One of the important factors affecting the production safety of a country or region is the level of economic development. Avoiding accidents under the condition of ensuring economic development is a problem that needs in-depth research. On the basis of collecting the data of occupational accidents and economic development indicators in China from 2000 to 2020, this paper studies the relationship between occupational accidents and five economic indicators, such as resident consumption, energy consumption, education funds, wage level and research input. The grey working accident model of Gaussian function is established, the occurrence trend of occupational accidents is quantitatively analyzed, and the accident reduction measures are suggested based on the relationship between accidents and economy. The results show that there is a strong correlation between accident and economic indicators, and the comprehensive correlation coefficient among scientific research investment, education funds and accident indicators is significantly higher than that of other economic indicators. Increasing investment in scientific research and education is conducive to improving the quality of workers and training safety professionals and can effectively reduce workplace accidents.

Harbour Traffic Hazard Map for real-time assessing waterway risk using Marine Traffic Hazard Index

The evaluation of maritime waterway risk is required to take further advance measure for reduction of ship collision accident. In general, a risk assessment of ship collision can be estimated by analyzing the level of risk for navigation to prevent collision. This paper proposes a framework of real-time multi-ship collision risk assessment, named Habour Traffic Hazard Map to identify encounter ships, using Marine Traffic Hazard Index from the large amounts of monitored vessels in a surveyed sea area. The methodology uses the influence of a ship to the neighborhood to detect high-risk area in busy waterway from a AIS data. The proposed index is validated by comparison with traffic congestion rate of surveyed area. To illustrate the effectiveness of the framework proposed, an experimental case study has been carried out within Busan Port, Korea. The result is shown as hazard map that is effective and efficient at showing the dynamic level of risk and predicting the potential collision locations. Therefore, this model can improve the safety and security of maritime waterway.

Injury severity and influence factors in surface mines: A correspondence analysis

In this study, injury data from surface mines in Ghana was analysed using correspondence analysis. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the association between five injury levels, namely fatality, permanent disability, temporary disability, days away from work and restricted work injury, and four accident factors, namely job title, location, time and cause. The four accident factors exemplify the well-known accident classification scheme of who, where, when and why. 206 accidents resulting in a minimum of restricted work injury were analysed. Preliminary analysis showed that days away from work was the dominant injury, and most of the accidents occurred after 6 h of work. With respect to location, job title and cause; fixed workshop, mechanic/repairmen and moving components/parts respectively accounted for most of the injuries. Results of the correspondence analysis showed that locations, job titles and hazards related to actual mining operations precipitate high consequence accidents such as fatalities and disabling injuries than the other job titles, locations and hazards. From the correspondence analysis, it was observed that “involvement in actual mining operations”, “night shift”, and “after 6 h of work” are hidden causes of high consequence accidents, and priority areas for accident reduction. These results offer opportunities for developing injury prevention strategies and their practical implications have been discussed. Specifically, the study was able to identify some hidden causes of accident, which are important prerequisite for accident prevention. For instance, “6 h of work” was identified as a hidden cause of accident, suggesting that safety measures are required to protect workers who work more than 6 h in a day, and are involved in actual mining operation, since they have a higher risk of injury than other workers.

Overtaking Assistance Using Wireless Camera and Sensors (Zenarch Tech)

The major area of concern in the advancement of intelligent vehicles is to improve the safety of driving system. This paper comes up with a new way of using visual system for driving assistance by replacing convex mirror with wireless camera and sensors. The new system uses vehicle-to-vehicle OAS which contains both transmitter and receiver systems. It will assist the driver to avoid accidents during overtaking. This isa driver support system which helps you maintain the correct speed and safe distance from other vehicles. .It helps in reduction of accidents and provides safe journey on all weather conditions.

An Empirical Study to Estimate the Economic Effects of the Introduction of a Periodical Technical Inspection (PTI) for Motor Vehicles in Punjab (Pakistan)

Aims: In 2016, the government of Punjab (Pakistan) established a new system for inspecting road vehicles. The inspection system tests the roadworthiness, noise level, and emissions from the vehicles. These test metrics have further economic benefits that will be analyzed throughout the study. As the main aim of this study, we provide an economic impact analysis of the introduction of a periodical technical inspection (PTI) system that acts as a basis for political decision-making. Background: We used a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to assess the economic impact of the introduction of a periodical technical inspection (PTI) in Punjab. With the CBA, the economic benefits and costs can be empirically weighed against each other to provide a precise result for policymakers. Such results could help in decision-making regarding new policies, such as whether to introduce a new system or not. This is especially important for the region of Punjab since it has a large population and a substantial number of cars which lead to many fatal car accidents. A primary reason for the numerous fatal accidents is the poor quality of the present vehicle stock. Punjab lacks a regulatory body that systematically ensures that all vehicles on the road are safe and of good quality. Therefore, an effective approach to reducing fatalities would be the introduction of a systematic inspection body that controls vehicle quality. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing a PTI in the region of Punjab. To this end, we calculate a benefit-cost ratio and determine whether the PTI would have a positive economic impact on the region. Throughout the analysis, cutting-edge empirical methodologies are used to provide a structured approach for precise assessment of the benefit-cost ratio related to the introduction of a PTI system. Methods: To weigh in on the benefits and costs, we used a CBA analysis. This method is commonly used in welfare economics to find out if certain measures are socially desirable. The overall result of the CBA is a benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Ratios greater than one prove that the system implementation is profitable for society. Such an analysis provides an empirically supported result that can be used throughout the decision-making process in the public sector. Results: According to our analysis, the implementation of a PTI together with an emission test would yield a benefit-cost ratio of 12.45. A benefit-cost ratio of 10 means that one dollar invested in the PTI results in an economic benefit of 10 dollars in Punjab. The introduction of a PTI system would have a positive impact on the economic welfare of Punjab and is therefore socially desirable. The empirical results show a high degree of statistical significance (p = 0.001). Due to this, the coefficients of the cause-effect relationships can be interpreted unambiguously. Avoiding an estimated 198 fatalities would enable accident-related savings of US$ 11,616,462. Moreover, 382 fewer injured people would lessen the financial burden on the state by another US$ 1,568,874. The total estimated emission savings would amount up to $2,647,966.87. Altogether, the benefits arising from the implementation of PTI would equate to US$ 15,833,302,9.We calculate that the sum of all inspection fees (for a total of 179,977 vehicles inspected) is to be US$ 1,271,460. When leveraged against each other, the savings and fees lead to a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 12.45. Conclusion: The implementation of PTI would have a significant and measurable effect on the reduction of road accidents in Punjab. The list of potential benefits is not exhaustive, as other effects, like noise reduction, could not be considered due to missing data. Despite considering a limited list of benefits, we have demonstrated a high BCR which speaks in favour of the introduction of PTI and its favourable impact on Punjab’s economic welfare.

Safety and Risk Analysis of Autonomous Vehicles Using Computer Vision and Neural Networks

The autonomous vehicle (AVs) market is expanding at a rapid pace due to the advancement of information, communication, and sensor technology applications, offering a broad range of opportunities in terms of energy efficiency and addressing climate change concerns and safety. With regard to this last point, the rate of reduction in accidents is considerable when switching safety control tasks to machines from humans, which can be noted as having significantly slower response rates. This paper explores this thematic by focusing on the safety of AVs by thorough analysis of previously collected AV crash statistics and further discusses possible solutions for achieving increased autonomous vehicle safety. To achieve this, this technical paper develops a dynamic run-time safe assessment system, using the standard autonomous drive system (ADS), which is developed and simulated in case studies further in the paper. OpenCV methods for lane detection are developed and applied as robust control frameworks, which introduces the factor of vehicle crash predictability for the ego vehicle. The developed system is made to predict possible crashes by using a combination of machine learning and neural network methods, providing useful information for response mechanisms in risk scenarios. In addition, this paper explores the operational design domain (ODD) of the AV’s system and provides possible solutions to extend the domain in order to render vehicle operationality, even in safe mode. Additionally, three case studies are explored to supplement a discussion on the implementation of algorithms aimed at increasing curved lane detection ability and introducing trajectory predictability of neighbouring vehicles for an ego vehicle, resulting in lower collisions and increasing the safety of the AV overall. This paper thus explores the technical development of autonomous vehicles and is aimed at researchers and practitioners engaging in the conceptualisation, design, and implementation of safer AV systems focusing on lane detection and expanding AV safe state domains and vehicle trajectory predictability.

Local religiosity, workplace safety, and firm value

This paper examines the effect of local religiosity on employee treatment, proxied by workplace safety incidents. Using the establishment-level data compiling on the incidents of work-related injuries, we find that employees of the establishments in more religious counties get less injured than those in less religious counties. We further find that a reduction in occupational accidents is more evident for establishments in counties dominated by one religious denomination, strengthening our argument on community solidarity and homophily stemming from religious networks. Firms whose establishments are located in high religiosity counties are less likely to violate workplace conduct and more likely to take workplace safety measures. Moreover, firms with more work-related injuries exhibit poorer firm performance. Overall, our findings suggest that local religiosity has a value implication through human capital protection.

Implementación de una estrategia para aumentar la productividad de las empresas del sector industrial en el departamento del Atlántico.

In this research, a review of the literature is carried out focused on the main authors and keywords that refer to production processes, automation and productivity. This project consists of installing, testing and starting up an automated storage system for aluminum profiles container baskets in companies of the industrial sector in the department of Atlantico in order to increase productivity and reduce waiting times for materials for the production lines. The project includes the installation of the entry and exit docks for baskets containing aluminum profiles, the locations of the warehouse, the electrical system and the control system. As a final result, it is expected to show improvements in the production processes of the companies, reducing the response time in the distribution channel of the raw material to the operating area, better results in terms of the quality of the products offered by the company, reducing in this way the non-conformities of the clients, trained human resources for the operation and maintenance of the system and the reduction in labor accidents due to the handling of products when loading, unloading, transfers, among other movements. The application of automated systems for the supply chain in industrial companies becomes a fundamental step to promote the use of technologies that increase productivity and make a company more competitive.

Driver’s Drowsiness Detection Using Dlib and IoT

Background: Road accidents are a major cause of deaths worldwide. This is enormously due to fatigue, drowsiness, and microsleep of the drivers. This does not just risk the life of the driver and co-passengers but also a great threat to the vehicles and humans moving around that vehicle. Methods: Research, online content, and previously published papers related to drowsiness are reviewed. Using the facial landmarks in DAT file, the prototype locates and identifies the eye coordinates, and then calculates Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR). The EAR indicates whether the driver is drowsy or not based on the result of various sensors that get activated, such as an alarm generator, LED indicators, LCD message scroll, message sent to the owner, and the engine that gets locked. Results: The prototype is able to locate eyes in the frame and detect whether the person is sleepy or not. Whenever the person is feeling drowsy, an alarm is generated in the cabinet, and afterward , LED indicators will start glowing, messaging will be scrolling at the rear part of the vehicle so that other vehicles and humans get cautioned. After this, the vehicle slows down, and the engine gets locked. Conclusion: This prototype will help in the reduction of road accidents due to human intervention. It is not only helpful to the person who installs it in their vehicle but also for the other vehicles and humans moving around it.

RISK ASSESSMENT FOR WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY: A UNIVERSITY DINING HALL

With the development of working life, work health and safety has become an area gaining great importance. Currently, the most important topics are preventing occupational diseases and work accidents that may occur in the working environment or due to working conditions, protecting the health of employed individuals and provided full well-being. Work health and safety compasses protecting the health and safety of employed individuals against psychological, biological, physical, chemical and ergonomic hazards. The dining hall sector involves intense work load, rapid growth and employment and is known for a large problem with increasing in work accidents. This research, performed with the aim of taking precautions to resolve problems in the dining hall sector in terms of work health and safety, performed a risk analysis to determine the hazards and risks in a university dining hall. Risk analysis assessed hazards and risks and determined precautions which should be taken. Additionally, it contributes to preserving the health of employed individuals and provides a reduction in work accidents and occupational diseases. This research performed risk analysis using a L-type matrix method. The hazards and risks present in the dining hall area were determined. The determined hazards and risks were grouped according to risk level and precautions for these were planned within the scope of the study. Efforts were made to contribute to ensuring a healthy working environment and improving safety conditions. Additionally, an important factor is considered to be adopting proactive approaches within the scope of work health and safety activities to popularize the work safety culture within working areas.

Comparison of road traffic accidents presenting to the emergency department of a teaching hospital before and during lockdown

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major cause of misery, disability and death globally, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing countries. With COVID-19 reaching pandemic proportion, a nationwide lockdown was announced on 24 March 2020 which resulted in the complete closure vehicular movement. This study aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on the number of RTAs brought to our rural tertiary care teaching hospital situated on National highway number 65.Methods: Medico-legal records were reviewed retrospectively at Kamineni institute of medical sciences hospital. The cases were classified into two groups. The pre-lockdown group included cases reporting to casualty from 1 April 2019 to 31 July 2019. The lockdown group included cases reporting to casualty from 1 April 2020 to 31 July 2020. Patient demographics, type of injury, time of injury, mode of injury were collected for all cases and analysed using simple mathematical tools.Results: There was a significant decrease in the total number of RTAs during lockdown phases 1 and 2 and during unlocking phases 1 and 2 by 52.1%. Bike skid was the most common mode of injury. The highest number of RTAs was observed between 6 am to 6 pm and the most commonly affected gender was male especially in the age group of 15-45 years.Conclusions: RTA numbers can be reduced by strict implementation of traffic rules and better road infrastructure. One positive effect of the measures implemented to control the spread of COVID-19 was the reduction of traffic accidents and mass casualties.

Research trends in mining accidents study: A systematic literature review

Mining is well known as a high-risk industry with high accident rates. However, there is a scarcity of material that aims to investigate and understand the research trends in mining accidents and the current scenarios related to this topic. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the research trends in mining accidents. By applying a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) review method, a systematic literature review (SLR) identified 57 studies related to mining accident issues from 2015 to 2019 from the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. Based on these 57 studies, four main themes were developed: the main causes of mining accidents (46%), the prevention of mining accidents (20%), and the challenges of (17%) and impacts of post-mining accidents (17%). The four themes produced a total of 35 sub-themes. Mechanical failure was identified as the main cause of mining accidents and the application of software or safety models is essential to minimize the number of mining accidents. Mine owners have the responsibility to provide a safe working environment for mine workers, and face substantial challenges to achieve this. Moreover, the impact of post-mining accidents led to adverse impacts on the environment. This systematic review study aims to assist mine owners by providing a better understanding of mining accident issues. The study also addresses miners, government and policymakers so all groups can collectively target the reduction of mining accidents in the future.

SAFETY CULTURE IN PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS

Accidents and occupational diseases; It causes loss of physical and mental health for employees and high amounts of income loss for employers and countries. In order to prevent all these losses from happening, technical and engineering measures are not enough and an internalized safety culture perception is required in management and employees. The common principle in order to protect it from accidents and diseases is to ensure that the employees act with safety awareness at every moment of the work, with the understanding of safety culture, which is defined as the set of values and rules, under the leadership of the management. Behavior and attitude patterns that do not change in a short time are shown as the main causes of accidents in business life. It is essential to create a culture that embraces safe behavior patterns and, as a result, a safe work environment created to prevent these accidents. In the implementation of this culture, the employees should be included in the process at every stage. In the study, a literature review on safety culture as a preventive factor in occupational accidents was carried out. As a result of the research, it was determined that the most appropriate method in the long-term in the prevention and reduction of accidents is the safety culture.

Heatwave impacts on traffic accidents by time-of-day and age of casualties in five urban areas in South Korea

We analyzed the relationship between the temperature and traffic accidents in Seoul-Incheon, Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, and Gwangju by the time-of-day (06:00 to 22:00, divided into segments of 4 h) and age of casualties between 2012 and 2017 for the summer season (June to August). A generalized additive model and meta-analysis were employed to analyze this relationship. We found that the threshold temperatures was observed to be approximately 30 °C. Above this temperature, traffic accidents increased in four urban areas, except Busan, which is a popular tourist location. In total, traffic accidents increased by approximately 0.59% (95% confidence interval of 0.41–0.75) per 1 °C increase in the daily maximum temperature, with substantial differences between the different areas, ranging from 0.12% (CI = −0.26–0.50) in Busan to 1.08% (CI = 0.45–1.71) in Gwangju. The morning and evening hours showed a greater increase in traffic accidents than other timeframes. The increase in traffic accidents for young casualties was statistically significant at all times, and that for elderly casualties was observed at 10:00–14:00 and 18:00–22:00. The results of this study could provide information for developing customized traffic accident reduction policies considering time-of-day, age of casualties, and type of city.

Lives saved during economic downturns: Evidence from Australia.

Worldwide, countries have been restricting work and social activities to counter the emerging public health crisis due to the coronavirus pandemic. These measures have caused dramatic increases in unemployment. Some commentators argue that the "draconian measures" will do more harm than good due to the economic contraction, despite a large literature that finds mortality rates decline during recessions. We estimate the relationship between unemployment, a proxy for economic climate, and mortality in Australia, a country with universal health care. Using administrative time-series data on mortality by state, age, sex, and cause of death for 1979-2017, we find no relationship between unemployment and mortality on average. However, we observe beneficial health effects in economic downturns for young men, associated with a reduction in transport accidents. Our estimates imply 431 fewer deaths in 2020 if unemployment rates double as forecast. For the early 1980s, we find a procyclical pattern in infant mortality rates. However, this pattern disappears starting from the mid-1980s, coincident with the 1984 implementation of universal health care. Our results suggest that universal health care may insulate individuals from the health effects of macroeconomic fluctuations.