Accident Prevention Programs Research Articles

Prioritization of Evaluation Items for Industrial Accident Prevention Factors Using the Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique

With the rapid progress of industrialization, serious accidents have frequently occurred at industrial sites. Despite the existence of several laws and regulations for preventing industrial accidents, including the Occupational Safety and Health Act, social criticism has been raised regarding their inefficiency. To address this issue, the Serious Accident Punishment Act was implemented. The Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Safety and Health Agency have prepared and implemented various industrial accident prevention measures and programs; however, the number of industrial accidents has not decreased. Therefore, new evaluation criteria must be introduced when establishing policies or systems to prevent industrial accidents. This study introduces evaluation items used in Europe and the United States as industrial accident prevention items for assessing industrial accident prevention projects and proposes a plan to select priorities for these items by applying the fuzzy TOPSIS technique. Prioritization was determined by calculating four evaluation criteria and ten industrial accident prevention items using a 7-point linguistic scale. Our results allow for the simultaneous consideration of several industrial accident prevention items. Thus, various aspects of industrial accident prevention activities can be comprehensively evaluated, enhancing the effectiveness and execution of safety and health management, thereby helping to reduce industrial accidents.

Healthy Change Intervention: A Cluster RCT in Preschooler Mothers in Mexico and the United States.

To assess effects of Healthy Change intervention on maternal perception of her child's body weight (MPCW), maternal feeding style, and obesogenic home environment. A randomized control trial was conducted, consisting of two arms: the intervention group received the Healthy Change program, and the control group received the Hygiene and Accident Prevention program. A total of 356 mother-preschool child dyads participated, 182 in the intervention group and 174 in the control group, residing in Mexico and the United States. Data were collected at baseline and after the program through self-administered questionnaires completed by mothers and child anthropometric measurements. Although no significant between-group difference in pre- and post-intervention change of MPCW was found, sub-analyses revealed that a higher proportion of mothers in the intervention group accurately perceived their child's body weight at the study endpoint using categorical (67% vs. 57.1%, p < 0.005) and visual scales (48.9% vs. 41.8%, p < 0.015). Additionally, more mothers of overweight children in the intervention group accurately perceived their children's overweight and obese status compared to those in the control group (29.8% vs. 10.3%, X2 = 4.26, df = 1, p < 0.039). The intervention group also displayed a higher proportion of mothers with authoritative feeding style (26.4% vs. 16.5%, p < 0.036) and significantly higher family nutrition and physical activity scores (29.1 vs. 28.0, p < 0.000) at the study endpoint. Healthy Change Intervention led to improved accuracy of MPCW, a shift toward maternal authoritative feeding styles, and positive changes in obesogenic home environments.

Investigating the influence of streetscape environmental characteristics on pedestrian crashes at intersections using street view images and explainable machine learning

Examining the relationship between streetscape features and road traffic accidents is pivotal for enhancing roadway safety. While previous studies have primarily focused on the influence of street design characteristics, sociodemographic features, and land use features on crash occurrence, the impact of streetscape features on pedestrian crashes has not been thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, while machine learning models demonstrate high accuracy in prediction and are increasingly utilized in traffic safety research, understanding the prediction results poses challenges. To address these gaps, this study extracts streetscape environment characteristics from street view images (SVIs) using a combination of semantic segmentation and object detection deep learning networks. These characteristics are then incorporated into the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, along with a set of control variables, to model the occurrence of pedestrian crashes at intersections. Subsequently, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method is integrated with XGBoost to establish an interpretable framework for exploring the association between pedestrian crash occurrence and the surrounding streetscape built environment. The results are interpreted from global, local, and regional perspectives. The findings indicate that, from a global perspective, traffic volume and commercial land use are significant contributors to pedestrian–vehicle collisions at intersections, while road, person, and vehicle elements extracted from SVIs are associated with higher risks of pedestrian crash onset. At a local level, the XGBoost-SHAP framework enables quantification of features’ local contributions for individual intersections, revealing spatial heterogeneity in factors influencing pedestrian crashes. From a regional perspective, similar intersections can be grouped to define geographical regions, facilitating the formulation of spatially responsive strategies for distinct regions to reduce traffic accidents. This approach can potentially enhance the quality and accuracy of local policy making. These findings underscore the underlying relationship between streetscape-level environmental characteristics and vehicle–pedestrian crashes. The integration of SVIs and deep learning techniques offers a visually descriptive portrayal of the streetscape environment at locations where traffic crashes occur at eye level. The proposed framework not only achieves excellent prediction performance but also enhances understanding of traffic crash occurrences, offering guidance for optimizing traffic accident prevention and treatment programs.

Use of the Ahp Method in the Development of an Accident Prevention Program in the Chemical Industry In Brazil

Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate whether the decision-making for the prioritization of the implementation of the Accident Prevention Program (APP) elements in a chemical industry was consistent with the judgment of a group of professionals with different academic backgrounds and different positions. Theoretical Framework: From a PPA implemented in a chemical industry, the use of the multicriteria tool for decision-making, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Survey carried out with different professionals, a solid support for the result obtained was defined. Method: The methodology applied was qualitative, using bibliographic and documentary research, survey (data collection) and case study. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire available on the Survey-Monkey platform for 100 professionals, with a respondent percentage of 44%. Results and Discussion: The results obtained demonstrate the great challenge for the corporate world on the need for a broad debate on the people and facilities safety, stimulating the use of multicriteria tools for decision-making in the case of implementing a program as complex as the APP. Implications of the Research: With investors' increasing concern about environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, the research provides a reliable and solid framework for the implementation of an accident control program in the chemical industry. Originality: The research on the use of multicriteria analysis for the APP implementation is original, especially in the use of the Analytic Hierachy Process, a powerful tool for multicriteria decision-making.

Hubungan Latihan Keselamatan, Peraturan dan Prosedur Keselamatan terhadap Prestasi Keselamatan Anggota Kerja GIATMARA

Safety performance holds a vital role in developing safety management in the workplace, aiming to ensure both safety compliance and safety participation in the organization. Safety performance also contributes to and determines the success of accident prevention program implementation. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between safety training, safety rules and procedures, and the safety performance of employees at GIATMARA. This study is a quantitative study that uses a survey research design. The research instrument is a questionnaire and involves 128 respondents among GIATMARA workers in the state of Perak. The results of the Pearson correlation statistical analysis show that there is a significant and positive relationship between safety training (r = .496, p ≤ 0.01), as well as safety rules and procedures (r = .593 **, p ≤ 0.01) on safety performance. The results of this study prove that safety training and safety rules and procedures affect the safety performance of an organization. Therefore, every organization needs to ensure that each employee receives adequate safety training and is provided with well-organized and clear safety rules and procedures.

Risk Analysis and Risk Assessment in Laboratory Studies

In this study, risk analysis is investigated by using 5X5 L Type Matrix Method in laboratories determined within the scope of occupational health and safety. In the risk analysis, 50 risks are identified, of which 30 (60 %) have a high risk level, 18 (36 %) have a medium risk level, and 2 (4 %) have a low risk level. Occupational health and safety rules are applied to control these risks in laboratory research and to minimize their effects. In this context, the things to be done in laboratory studies are listed as follows. Students, lecturers, and laboratory staff working in the laboratory should receive occupational health and safety training. Emergency plans, teams, and drills should be made for situations that may occur during laboratory studies. Chemical use, transport, and storage must be recorded in laboratory research. Physical inadequacies such as ventilation in the laboratory and work area should be eliminated. Chemical hygiene and an accident prevention program are recommended. This study, it is aimed to raise awareness about occupational health and safety in laboratory conditions.

Internet of Things-Based Car Wiper and Accident Location Notification

To reduce the number of car crashes that result in deaths or severe property damage was the primary goal of accident prevention programmes. Recognising Danger and Taking Precautions This strategy reduces the amount of time it takes for emergency services to reach a dangerous situation, saving lives. This apparatus can detect fog and clear it from the screen, allowing for safer navigation. If the car detects that you have been drinking, it will not start for you. A buzzer will ring if a blink sensor detects the driver is closing their eyes while driving. If the motorist ignores the warning, the car’s ignition will be turned off. The windscreen wipers will activate automatically if the rain sensor detects rain. When an accident happens, a limit switch is triggered, which shuts off the system and notifies the parents by the Twilio account they provided before the accident.

Preventing Fuel Station Accidents: The Importance of Community Involvement

From 2016-2018 there were 120 fuel station accidents in Indonesia. Fuel station accidents may harm not only workers but also the public. Major accidents in fuel stations have caused multiple fatalities and injuries. Various research regarding fuel stations has been done, but research on the role of the community in preventing fuel station accidents is limited. Therefore, studying the cause and effect of fuel station accidents is essential. The study aims to collect accident information and determine the impact, cause, and possible prevention programs for fuel station accidents. Study methods use data collection and classification, followed by qualitative analysis. Data were collected from the top 10 national news portals and tabulated in a structured manner. Twenty-nine fuel station accidents were identified and evaluated. These data were then categorized and analyzed to obtain the dominant effects of accidents. Accident causes were also investigated to provide an understanding and propose accident prevention programs adopted from previous research in various fields. It is concluded that fuel station accidents in Indonesia are dominated by vehicle fires, which involve consumer vehicles. The causes of accidents vary, but most of them were concerning the technical condition of vehicles, and a few were unsafe operations. To prevent future accidents, it is essential to ensure compliance with regulations and standards of facilities and equipment. Furthermore, community involvement is also crucial. Therefore, more efforts are needed to increase public awareness of fuel station hazards and how the community can be involved in preventing future accidents.

Proposal for and validation of novel risk-based process to reduce the risk of construction site fatalities (Major Accident Prevention (MAP) program)

Despite developments in the prevention of fatalities in the construction industry, fatalities resulting from well-known hazards continue at an unacceptable rate. Construction fatality prevention literature describes risk management techniques to provide ‘early warning’ of potential events. In dynamic construction project environments, these ‘early warnings’ are missed resulting in serious and fatal events. Critical Control Risk Management (CCRM) provides an alternative strategy to prevent fatal events in the construction industry. However, no research exists that explores the application of CCRM to actual construction projects. This study aims to design, develop, and validate a construction fatality prevention program using CCRM principles through mixed method research. A six-phase fatality prevention process, the Major Accident Prevention (‘MAP’) program was developed and validated over 18 months on an Australian construction project. The MAP program provided a practical approach to risk management which significantly enhanced frontline risk management practices. Modelling of performance indicators identified first aid injuries and hazard reporting were the most significant measures which correlated with supervisor observations, and personal risk assessments MAP activities. A weak correlation between MAP activities and first aid injuries was identified (0.528p = <0.05) with further statistical analysis limited by the small sample size. A key attribute of the MAP program was the risk profiling planning tool which provided a four week look ahead on the fatal risks, allowing management to focus effort on verifying relevant critical controls in the field. The findings of this study aim to help construction organizations develop and implement fatal risk prevention programs.

Accident Prevention Program Prioritization Using Kepner Tregoe Model: Case Study of PT Pertamina EP Regional 2 Zone 7

Pertamina EP Regional 2 Zone 7 (PEP R2Z7), a section of PT Pertamina EP (PT PEP), the National Oil Company of Indonesia, is an upstream Oil and Gas Company that operates in West Java Indonesia. The company conducts high-risk activities in exploration and production to extract oil and gas. According to the accident historical data, 40 work-related accident cases occurred in PEP R2Z7 in the period from 2018 to 2021. Accidents are caused by multiple factors that require programs to prevent a similar accident. The established accident prevention program in the company is generated from all accident data in PT PEP working areas around Indonesia which consist of 14 Zone. Because of these conditions, the accident prevention program becomes out of focus and needs to be prioritized based on accident case data. Accident prevention program priority is determined by the combination of Kepner Tregoe Method and Pertamina DNV SCAT accident root cause. The combination method is used to describe the root cause of an accident case, identify the accident prevention program criteria, and relevant alternatives to accident prevention programs based on the accident historical data, and choose the alternatives. The alternative solution is consist of the enhancement of established prevention programs and proposed the new prevention program. Some of Established prevention programs are still relevant with the historical data in Pertamina Region 2 Zone 7 such as Iman Campaign or Strengthen Work in Progress (WIP) Assessment. Meanwhile, some of the new proposed programs are Task Observation/Safety Awareness Supervision or Buddy System work for high-risk job. The implementation of the alternative solution is embedded inthe Objectives Target Program (OTP) of Health Safety Security and Environment (HSSE) PEP R2Z7. The OTP contains the program purpose, detail program, the output and the evidence of the program, schedule, and progress monitoring of the program. The proposed alternative solution is expected to reduce the number of accident cases in PEP R2Z7.

Occupational health and safety risk perception

The perception of risk is an important element of many theories about changing safety behavior. Perceived risk is often subject to survival behavior change interventions. The perception of risk to occupational safety and health is an important factor in the success of the work accident prevention program. Risk perception is an important determinant of safety behavior, although the nature of the relationship between risk perception and safety behavior may depend on the profile of different types of risk perception and the accuracy of the perception. The perception of workers, both permanent and non-permanent workers, on occupational safety and health and accident prevention with risk perceptions is an important factor in the success of this accident prevention program. This study aims to find out more about adapting the TRIRISK model for intentionally perceived risk in the context of perception. By assessing the role of the deliberative, affective, and experiential dimensions of safety and health risks in the workplace. Quantitative research was conducted by means of a survey with a questionnaire. The survey was conducted from November to December 2021 and obtained as many as 102 respondents.

Pengaruh Penerapan Program Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan di PT. Consolidated Electrik (CEPA) Power Asia Kabupaten Wajo

Occupational health and safety programs have been implemented by many organizations which it is aimed to reduce or avoid risk of work accidents. The occupational health and safety management system is a systematic and comprehensive occupational health and safety management concept in a complete management system. Through the process of planning, implementing, measuring, and monitoring. This research was a quantitative research with analytical observational method through a Cross Sectional Study approach. The data was analyzed by Chi- Square test and Logistic Regression test. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling with 40 employees as samples. The results of the study using the Chi-Square test for the P-Value measurement and monitoring variable of 0.001, the P-Value Accident Prevention variable of 0.000, the P-Value Disease Prevention variable of 0.000, the P-Value stress management variable of 0.525 and the Health Program variable. P-Value is 0.001. The conclusion in this study is based on the P-Value &lt; 0.05, there is a relationship between the variables of measurement and supervision, accident prevention, disease prevention, and health programs on employee productivity at PT. CEPA Wajo Regency and there is no relationship between stress management variables on work productivity of employees at PT. CEPA Wajo Regency. Based on the value of Exp (B) / Odds Ratio in the multivariate analysis test using the Logistics Regression test, the accident prevention variable is the most influential factor on employee productivity at PT. CEPA, Wajo Regency with a value of 16,460. The suggestion in this research is to put more emphasis on the implementation of the OHS program by making company policies on OHS, so that all employees have a deeper awareness and knowledge of the OHS program so that they can implement the OHS program better

Assessment of the Biosafety and Biosecurity in the Reference Veterinary Laboratory of Parakou in Benin.

Optimal biosafety and biosecurity are major requirements of global health security. This study assessed the biorisk management in the reference veterinary laboratory of Parakou (Benin). The study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and evaluative. The non-probability sampling method with the reasoned choice was used. The Food and Agriculture Organization laboratory mapping tool-safety was used to collect information from the laboratory team. Group discussion, working environment observation, and document exploitation were the data collection techniques. The biorisk management was rated good if the average indicator of the laboratory reached at least 80%. Otherwise, the biorisk management was rated insufficient. The overall laboratory biosafety and biosecurity score was insufficient (42.4%). Per area, the scores were 26.7% for engineering, 33.3% for administration, 53.8% for personal protective equipment, and 62.3% for the operational. There was no area or category score that reached 80%. Containment, waste disposal, and personal protective equipment disposal were the best performing categories with a score above 60%. The laboratory has no biosafety and accident prevention program. Its premises require renovation. The standard operating procedures for biosafety are not yet finalized, and the training mechanism is not optimal. Therefore, strong advocacy and implementation of a biorisk management improvement plan appear as urgent corrective actions which are required to help the reference veterinary laboratory of Parakou in its task to protect the livestock and, ultimately, the people of Benin from dangerous diseases and emerging pathogens.

ROAD SAFETY AND TRAFFIC INJURIES DUE TO DISTRACTED DRIVING OF SMARTPHONE USAGE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

This study provides the behaviour of university students using smartphone on daily basis and while driving, and exploring their perception towards the road safety of such habits. World Health Organisation states that distracted driving due to smartphone usage has been the uprising cause of road traffic injuries especially among young drivers. This study will provide knowledge in enforcing the right mitigation measures in preventing such behaviour from growing. The results from this study can also be integrated in intelligent transportation system in traffic accident prevention programme. This survey is conducted at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia with a sample size of 371 respondents with majority of them aged 21 to 25 (86.6%) who own smartphone (100%) and private vehicle (59.1%). Results found that university student are dependent of their smartphone on daily basis for alarm (94.3%), communication and socialisation (73.9%). They tend to use their smartphone while driving, at traffic light (68.4%) and during traffic congestion (61.0%), often for maps navigations (69.8%) and to make call (57.4%) in hands-free mode. Despite knowing the danger of this behaviour (97.3%), they ignored the risks and committed such offenses. Hence, the need for education and enforcement are significant and relevant among university students to prevent such behaviours from growing.

Risk management of Material Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Bali State Polytechnic for preparation of Occupational safety and health program

The purpose of this study is to determine the risks and hazards in the laboratory, it is necessary to identify hazards, risk assessment and risk control. Laboratories are often found in research and development institutions, service companies, industry and universities. The material laboratory is a place to carry out student practicum activities and conduct research which has a source of danger that can cause work accidents such as chemical explosion, fire, poisoning and ext. Work accidents can be avoided by improving the quality of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) which is related to the process of doing work safely and working conditions that are safe and comfortable. One effort that can help is to identify hazards and risk assessments so that effective control efforts can be made to increase work productivity and reduce work accidents. Hazard identification is a process that can be carried out to identify all situations or events that have the potential to cause work-related accidents and diseases that may arise in the workplace [1]. Carry out hazard identification to answer the question of what potential hazards can occur or befall the company organization and how it can occur. Hazard identification is the first step in developing OSH risk management and a systematic effort to understand the existence of organizational hazards and is the foundation of an accident prevention and risk control program [2].

Thoughts on Road Traffic Control

The safety of travel on public roads is one of the most important issues to be developed in Hungary and in the European Union. The authors conducted a survey on the current state of the topic in Hungary. They examine the actions undertaken in traffic safety and traffic control in the past years in the country. Vehicle drivers consider regulations on speed limits and overspeeding to be less respectable and acceptable. The absolute transgression of the speed limit, also known as overspeeding, significantly increases the risk of accidents, and also adds to the severity of accidents, considering the majority of the traumas and the occurrence of fatalities in these accidents. Overspeeding is the greatest problem point in road traffic safety issues such as speeding, drunk driving and the use of passive road traffic safety gear. Considering the fatal road accidents in Hungary, it has become evident that the number of absolute overspeeding cases is significantly increasing. Overspeeding plays a significant role in the severity of the accident, especially in cases of unprotected travellers, pedestrians and cyclists. Traffic control is part of influencing the awareness and education of safe travelling. Police traffic control and accident prevention programmes aim to decrease the number of victims of road traffic accidents.

A qualitative investigation of factors influencing unsafe work behaviors on construction projects.

Unsafe behavior is an important component in the chain of accident occurrences, and thus plays a key role in the accident prevention programs in construction sites. The aim of this qualitative research is to study the perception of frontline workers, supervisors, and managers about the preconditions of and contributing factors to unsafe behaviors in civil engineering projects. Field observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion are conducted with 113 informants from various mega projects during a 2-year time period. Fishbone diagram is applied to describe a conceptual model. The results point to fourteen themes within four categories of the conceptual model - general management, organizational factors, safety supervision and management, and individual characteristics. General management and organizational culture were introduced as important preconditions and contributing factors resulting in human error and unsafe behavior in the construction sites. The fishbone diagram reveals the sequence and interaction of preconditions and contributing factors. The key contributing factors and their influences on unsafe behaviors are discussed along with recommendations for future directions.

Safety culture among Chinese undergraduates: A survey at a university

A growing number of accidents at universities have caused public concerns in China. Improving safety culture is perceived to be an effective way of preventing accidents in many industries. Both study on safety culture among Chinese undergraduate students and research on injury prevention strategies for undergraduates are quite limited. To understand the safety culture of Chinese undergraduates, a survey using self-administrated safety culture questionnaire was conducted. 362 undergraduates at a university in Beijing responded to the questionnaire anonymously. A description on the safety culture among undergraduates at this university was provided. It was found that female undergraduates have better safety culture than male undergraduates, and safety culture of undergraduates majoring in occupational health and safety (OHS) was better than that of students in other majors. However, there was no significant difference of safety culture found among students in different academic years. The results highlighted the need to pay more attention to male students in accident prevention programs and to develop strategies to improve safety culture with the academic year increasing. In addition, safety mandatory and elective courses were recommended for all undergraduates to promote their safety culture.

Modelling the Performance of Occupational Safety and Health in a Tobacco Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria

This study aimed at the development of a mathematical model for the evaluation of profitability of safety and health programme in Tobacco industry in Nigeria. A cost function monetary savings/loss in terms of accidents and heath incidences preventions, was developed. Accidents and health incidences for both pre – safety period and safety programme period data were collected. Four classes of accidents were identified as fatal, serious, minor and trivial wounds with their costs determined as N2,455,750, N221,275,N26,780, and N2,000, respectively. Also, seven health incidences were identified as hearing issues, back pain/ache, leg pain/ache, chest pain/ache, neck pain/ache, eye issue and headache with their costs determined as N18,176, N22,987,N8,354, N17,296,N33,305,N14,432 andN12,842, respectively. Accident prevention programme had monetary savings of N40.1 million while about N9.7 million were lost on health incidences annually. The results showed that the safety programme performance indices range from 5.78% in 2002 to 78.92% in 2007.

Effect of Accident Prevention Program on Nursery School Teachers’ knowledge and Practices.

Background: Accidents are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Along with cardiovascular diseases and cancers, accidents currently form the 3rd leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of accident prevention program on nursery school teachers' knowledge and practices. Research design:A pre/post quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Sample: A convenient sample of 60 nursery school teachers, 30 from private and 30 from governmental nursery schools. Setting: The selected nursery schools represented all geographic areas of Minia city. Tools: pre-designed questionnaire sheet was used to collect data from teachers which include part 1: Demographic data about teachers as age, marital status, qualifications, years of experience and previous training courses. Part 2 Teachers' knowledge about accident prevention and first aid. An observational checklist was used for first aid measures. Results: The study results revealed that the majority of the studied teachers were married and more than two fifth of them had >30 years old with a mean of age 33.32 ± 7.478.years. The total mean scores of both knowledge and practice were increased after implementation of the program with statistical significant differences at (p-value 0.0001) between pretest, immediate posttest and posttest after 3 months. Conclusion: The current study concluded that there was an increase in the mean scores of teachers' knowledge and practices after implementation of the program about accident prevention and first aid. Recommendation: The study recommended a wide coverage implementation of this research about accident prevention and first aid for the nursery school teachers all over Minia City nursery schools.