Occurrence Of Accidents Research Articles

A temperature-compensated CO2 detection system based on non-dispersive infrared spectral technology.

The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important indicator for coal mine safety. Real-time monitoring of CO2 concentration is of great importance for taking actions in advance to avoid the occurrence of potential accidents. To address the issues of poor portability and high cost associated with existing coal mine CO2 detection equipment, this paper develops a miniaturized CO2 detection system based on non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) technology. This sensor integrates an infrared light source and a dual-channel pyroelectric detector into a reflective gas chamber, thereby achieving an extended optical path and higher system sensitivity within limited space. Meanwhile, the noise interference was greatly mitigated by using hardware and software filtering techniques. Based on principle analysis, the Lambert-Beer law was parametrically corrected, and then, a model relationship between the dual-channel voltage ratio and concentration was established. In addition, temperature compensation for zero and span values was introduced to improve the adaptability of the detection results to temperature changes. Testing results indicate that the developed detection system can realize CO2 measurement in the concentration range of 0 to 50 000 ppm within a temperature range of 0-40 °C, with a maximum detection error of less than 0.12% and a repeatability deviation of less than 1.04%. During a stability test for 12h, the maximum concentration drift is 0.07%, indicating that the developed system meets the requirements for monitoring CO2 safety in coal mines.

ADAS and automation-arelevant contribution to maintaining mobility of older drivers?

Driving is the most important and safest form of mobility for the majority of senior citizens. However, physical and mental performance gradually decline with age, which can lead to more problems, critical situations or even accidents. Vehicle technology innovations such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to increase the road safety of older people and maintain their individual mobility for as long as possible.This overview article aims to identify ADAS that have the greatest potential to reduce the number of accidents involving older drivers. For this purpose, the accident and damage occurrence as well as the driving behaviour and compensation strategies of older people are examined in more detail. Suitable ADAS should compensate for typical driver errors, reduce information deficiencies and have ahigh level of acceptance. For older drivers, emergency braking, parking assistance, navigation, intersection assistance and distance speed control systems as well as systems for detecting blind spots and obstacles appear to be particularly suitable.Some of the disadvantages of ADAS are the lack of market penetration, acceptance problems and interface designs that have not yet been optimally adapted to the needs of older users. For older drivers in particular, it appears to be apriority to develop coherent and integrated solutions in the sense of cooperative assistance instead of pushing ahead with high and full automation with many system limits and exceptions, which can place high demands on attention, for example if the vehicle has to be taken over in acritical situation.

Pricing weekly motor insurance drivers’ with behavioral and contextual telematics data

Telematics boxes integrated into vehicles are instrumental in capturing driving data encompassing behavioral and contextual information, including speed, distance travelled by road type, and time of day. These data can be amalgamated with drivers' individual attributes and reported accident occurrences to their respective insurance providers. Our study analyzes a substantial sample size of 19,214 individual drivers over a span of 55 weeks, covering a cumulative distance of 181.4 million kilometers driven. Utilizing this dataset, we develop predictive models for weekly accident frequency. As anticipated based on prior research with yearly data, our findings affirm that behavioral traits, such as instances of excessive speed, and contextual data pertaining to road type and time of day significantly aid in ratemaking design. The predictive models enable the creation of driving scores and personalized warnings, presenting a potential to enhance traffic safety by alerting drivers to perilous conditions. Our discussion delves into the construction of multiplicative scores derived from Poisson regression, contrasting them with additive scores resulting from a linear probability model approach, which offer greater communicability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inclusion of lagged behavioral and contextual factors not only enhances prediction accuracy but also lays the foundation for a diverse range of usage-based insurance schemes for weekly payments.

Analysis of the spatial distribution and future trends of coal mine accidents: A case study of coal mine accidents in China from 2005–2022

A scientific grasp of the macro law of coal mining accidents can contribute to strengthening their prevention and control and guaranteeing a stable energy supply. In this study, 2,269 investigation reports of China's coal mining accidents from 2005 to 2022 were adopted as the basic data source, and GIS spatial analysis and rescaled range analysis methods were utilized to comprehensively reveal the spatial-temporal distribution features, and evolutionary patterns of coal mining accidents in China. The findings indicate that the numbers of gas explosion, permeability, outburst, suffocation and roof fall accidents has rapidly declined. The coverage area of coal mining accidents has gradually moved toward western of China. However, the center of the area covered by coal mining accidents during the study period was mainly concentrated in Shanxi and Henan Provinces. Besides, the number of deaths resulting from coal mining accidents across the country has gradually decreased, while the time series exhibited high continuity, with future changes consistent with past changes. The average cycle period of the coal mining accident sequence was 5 years. Through the systematic analysis of coal mine accidents conducted in this research, the law of accident occurrence was more comprehensively revealed, providing a reference and basis for the government and enterprises to implement precise preventive measures.

Research on Teaching Planning and Teacher Evaluation Integrating Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Concepts

Energy is an essential basis for human survival, social progress and economic development. With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of energy shortage is increasingly serious, and the problem of energy security is prominent. Based on stochastic power flow algorithm, this paper proposes the safety assessment and teaching planning of wind power generation in renewable energy. Firstly, the dynamic safety domain and thermal stability safety domain of wind power systems are proposed in this paper. Within the selected security domain, the key factors that are most likely to lead to the risk of a distribution network are selected by means of entropy-modified analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The incompleteness of the single weighting method is solved, and the total evaluation score of each layer of the index system is calculated from the subjective and objective perspectives to determine the weak link in the occurrence of accidents in the distribution network. The total score is less than 90 points, which is prone to failure risk. Finally, based on the safety index system, PLF is introduced into the uncertainty safety assessment of wind power systems to overcome the inefficiency of traditional uncertainty assessment methods. Methods PLF was used as a means of system state analysis to replace a lot of conventional power flow analysis in uncertain safety assessment, and related safety indexes were defined based on PLF results. The test system ST-PLF is taken as an example to verify the rationality of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the static security assessment of the system and identify the potentially vulnerable elements of the system. The evaluation time of the proposed method is 0.73 s, while that of the traditional method is 48.54 s. The evaluation speed of the proposed method is greatly improved, and the time is only 1.55% of that of Monte Carlo method.

Near miss road traffic accidents and associated factors among truck drivers in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia by using a contributory factors interaction model.

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the leading causes of injuries, fatalities, and the resulting increase in financial burdens worldwide. Every year, RTAs cause numerous serious injuries and fatalities in Ethiopia. it is important to understand how prevalent near-miss crash accidents are, and which by definition could have injured the victim but did not result in an actual accident. The determinants of these near-misses are essential in road crash accident reduction strategies. In spite of the fact that near-miss accidents are much more common than actual losses or injuries, very little research has been conducted on them. Thus, this study was intended to assess the near-miss accidents and associated factors among truckers in Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia. The community-based cross-sectional study was employed from May 12 to July 10,2022, using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. A binary and multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of near-miss accidents. A statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. About 72.5% of truckers had experienced near-miss road traffic accidents. The majority of the near-miss accidents were caused by speeding, followed by driving on the wrong side of the road and skidding, 65 (22.6%), 39 (13.5%), and 38 (13.2%), respectively. Driving frequency per week, location of accidents, condition of the road, sleeping status, and weather conditions were significantly associated with near-miss accidents. The prevalence of near-miss accidents is high in the Gamo zone. Being a younger and less educated driver, high driving frequency per week, driving on major roads and junctions, foggy weather, and inadequate sleep all contribute to the occurrence of accidents. Road safety measures that could address these identified factors are required to mitigate potential RTAs.

The use of bioremediation as a technique to treat oil-contaminated effluents

Demographic growth has increased the demand for natural resources, especially in oil exploration, which, despite its benefits, has negative environmental and social impacts. The occurrence of environmental accidents, such as oil spills, highlights the need for effective remediation methods. Bioremediation, using microorganisms or plant products, has emerged as a promising technique for treating contaminated effluents. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the main bioremediation techniques, highlighting advantages such as low cost, easy implementation and sustainability compared to other remediation techniques, being sustainable, not causing disruption to ecosystems and aiming exclusively at the biodegradation of petroleum polluting compounds.

Pemberdayaan Guru Sekolah Mengenai Keselamatan Berlalu Lintas

The behavior of drivers in the Tegal City school community often violates traffic rules because they do not understand and are not aware of traffic safety. Increased knowledge, understanding, awareness and skills of teachers regarding traffic safety need to be increased and empowered more massively. Empowering school teachers regarding traffic safety includes 4 stages (preparation, initial test, community empowerment, and final test) with traffic safety community results. 240 PAUD/TK/RA, SD/MI, SMP/MTs, and SMA/SMK/MA teachers as participants for 2 days with 7 topics. The majority of participants consisted of bachelor's degrees (89.6%), women (55.8%), ages 36-46 (35%), and PAUD teachers (25.8%). The initial test for 7 topics is still between 20%. Activities on the first day are stages 1-4 and on the second day stages 5-7. The final test of 7 topics is above 75%. 7 topics had an increase of more than 55%. Increasing school teachers' knowledge has an impact on imparting knowledge to students about traffic safety which can be a step to reduce the occurrence of accidents on the road.

Exploring the impact of right-turn safety measures on E-bike-heavy vehicle conflicts at signalized intersections

A major safety hazard for e-bike riders crossing an intersection is encountering heavy vehicles turning right in the same direction, which often results in severe casualties. Recently, some cities in China have implemented right-turn safety improvement treatments (i.e., right-turn yielding rules and right-turn warning facilities) at intersections to reduce the occurrence of such accidents. However, the risk perception and behavior of e-bike riders and heavy vehicle drivers dynamically change during the right-turn interaction process, and the safety effects of different right-turn safety measures remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the safety effect of right-turn safety measures on E-Bike-Heavy Vehicle (EB-HV) right-turn conflicts at signalized intersections. The right-turn conflicts and potential influencing factors are extracted from aerial video data, including characteristics of right-turn warning facilities, characteristics and behavior of e-bike riders and heavy vehicle drivers, environmental factors, and traffic-related factors. Moreover, traffic conflict indicators such as the Time to Collision (TTC), Post Encroachment Time (PET), and Jerk are selected and calculated. Multinomial and binary logit models are used to estimate and analyze the EB-HV right-turn conflict severity and drivers yielding behavior. The results reveal that: (a) right-turn warning facilities can decrease the probability of slight and severe EB-HV right-turn conflicts, while the presence of law enforcement cameras could prompt heavy vehicle drivers to comply with the yielding rules and adopt more cautious behavior; (b) increased heavy vehicle speed and acceleration before turning right have strong correlation to illegitimate yielding behavior of the driver and higher EB-HV right-turn conflict severity; and (c) aggressive behavior of e-bike rider increases the severe conflict probability, especially at intersections without right-turn warning facilities. Based on the study findings, several practical implications are suggested to reduce the risk of EB-HV right-turn conflicts, enhance the effectiveness of right-turn safety measures, and improve crossing safety for e-bike riders.

Study on the change of miners' psychological state under different illuminance levels

The poor lighting environment in the underground coal mine is easy to cause the miners to have psychological irritability, which leads to the occurrence of accidents. In order to reduce the incidence of accidents and ensure the personal safety of miners. In this paper, different illumination levels are used as control variables. With the help of cognitive ability tests commonly used in psychology, accuracy(AC), reaction time(RT)and performance indicators(PI) are selected to describe how different illumination levels affect the psychological state of miners. The results show that: (1) In the two selected cognitive ability test tasks, when the illumination level is very low, the AC is not high and the RT is longer. As the illumination increases, the AC in the cognitive test task becomes higher and the RT becomes faster. The optimal value is reached at 200lux–300lux.At this time, the illumination level increases again, the AC value decreases, and the RT value increases. When the illuminance is lower than 200Lux, the results of the two tasks are not the same, but when 200Lux∼300Lux, the PI values are larger, and then increase the illuminance, the PI value decreases. (2)The regression analysis of three indicators and illuminance level was carried out, and the binary linear regression equation of different illuminance levels and PI/RT was established to monitor the influence of illuminance on the psychological state of miners. (3) Reasonable control of lighting environment can effectively promote the cognitive ability of miners in the work, and minimize the risk of coal mine accidents.

Structuring and Recommendations for Research on the Construction of Intelligent Multi-Industry and Multihazard Emergency Planning Systems

During production and operation, enterprises are faced with occurrences of production accidents. One of the prerequisites for enterprises to achieve sustainable development is building an intelligent emergency command platform. To establish a scientific and advanced emergency management information system and address the challenges related to managing emergency plans to ensure production safety, such as ambiguous roles and responsibilities, inefficient application processes, independent resources, and slow responses by enterprises with multiple types of operations and disasters, an intelligent emergency command platform was built for multiple types of operations and disasters, and this platform was extended to include rescue steps. The structure and digital management of emergency plans under multiple coupled disasters and multipoint cogeneration were determined. Similar emergency plans were automatically recommended by crawler technology and an SVM algorithm based on a public information data lake, and the effectiveness of the plans was evaluated via a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to promote the preparation of more efficient and scientific emergency plans. Finally, the analysis of pipeline leakage and emergency drill scenarios proved that the system is scientific and reliable. The results are of great significance for improving the deep integration of modern emergency-related information technology and emergency management businesses, promoting institutional and mechanical innovation, to provide a reference for other multibusiness enterprises, wchih can also be integrated into methods for urban safety and rescue.

Analyzing ship collision accidents in China: A framework based on the N-K model and Bayesian networks

Maritime accidents are frequent in China, with collisions constituting a significant portion, leading to substantial casualties, financial losses, and environmental harm. Analyzing collision risk is crucial for safe shipping operations, as such accidents arise when multiple risk factors interact beyond certain thresholds. Thus, understanding the coupled relationships among these factors is essential for accident prevention. This study presents a quantitative coupling risk assessment approach for collisions using the N–K model and Bayesian networks (BNs). Through an analysis of 304 accident reports from the China Maritime Safety Administration (CMSA), four primary risk factors (human, ship, environment, and management) are identified. The N–K model quantifies the coupling degree between these factors, while a BN model further elucidates and quantifies the collision risk based on the calculations of N–K model. Validation of the BN model is followed by sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of risk factors on accident occurrence. Subsequently, the method is applied to a case study on collision risk assessment in Chinese waters. Findings indicate that multifactor coupling has a higher occurrence probability than two-factor coupling, with human-ship-environment-management coupling presenting the highest likelihood. Human and management factors emerge as pivotal in collision incidents, while the impact of ship and environmental factors on coupling becomes more pronounced as their probabilities vary. Leveraging the capability of BNs to handle uncertainties and logical relationships, combined with the data-driven N–K model, mitigates subjectivity. The results propose the formulation of risk management strategies and measures for practitioners to enhance maritime safety.

Evaluation of U3O8–Al, UO2–Zr, and U3Si2–Al fuel plates in a hypothetical melting accident of Tehran research reactor (TRR)

Tehran research reactor (TRR) is a material test reactor (MTR) that uses U3O8–Al fuel plates. Fuel plates are usually used in research reactors due to their great thermal characteristics. The occurrence of various accidents in nuclear reactors has increased the efforts to develop accident tolerant fuels (ATF). For this reason, intermetallic compounds of uranium and silicon, have been introduced as candidates for ATF. In this study, the heat transfer and melting of fuel plates composed of U3O8–Al, UO2–Zr, and U3Si2–Al, in normal operation and hypothetical heat transfer impairment in the TRR have been studied. These compounds are chosen as candidates for probable replacement in the new design of the TRR. In this work, two-dimensional equations of heat transfer and enthalpy using the finite difference method have been solved and solid to liquid phase changes are discussed. According to the findings of this research, during a hypothetical heat transfer impairment, UO2–Zr fuel undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid after a longer period of time compared to the other two fuels. This delay is attributed to the relatively high melting point of UO2–Zr, which is notably higher than the melting points of the other two fuels. It has been shown that when the focus is on transferring heat from the fuel plate to the coolant, U3Si2–Al performs better than the other two types of fuel due to its higher thermal conductivity and relatively good melting behavior.

The role of trust in occupational safety: research results

This article presents the concept and results of a study on the effects of organizational trust on the safety level in an enterprise. The research results presented provide valid and reliable statistical evidence that employees’ trust in management is an important factor that significantly affects safety in a company. In particular, the research findings prove that employees’ trust in management affects safety outcomes indirectly (full mediation), due to the improvement in their engagement in safety citizenship behaviour (SCB); but also that better engagement in SCB should directly or indirectly contribute to the reduction of accident event occurrence through improvement in employees’ health and safety (H&S) regulation compliance (partial mediation). Moreover, the research findings prove that improvement in perceived management commitment in H&S will additionally strengthen positive relationships between trust in management and SCB engagement (interaction effect).

Hierarchical Structure of Small–Medium Enterprise Accidents Contributing to Legal Proceedings Resulting in Judicial Verdicts Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

Abstract Aim: The present study aims to identify and model factors influencing accidents in small–medium enterprises based on judicial orders. Methods: This study was conducted in two primary phases. The first phase involved analyzing legal documents related to work-related accidents to extract factors influencing accidents in SMEs. In the second phase, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was employed to hierarchically model these factors and understand their relationships using ISM Excel base software. Ten experts from various Iranian universities and industrial companies participated in the study, contributing to the completion of matrices used in the ISM model. Results: In this study, 10 primary factors contributing to accident occurrences in SMEs were identified and categorized into three main groups: Individual factors related to the incident (comprising five subfactors), organizational factors (comprising three subfactors), and conditional factors (comprising two subfactors). The subsequent phase involved modeling the identified factors using the ISM technique. The results revealed that three factors – training, equipment-related factors, and hazardous processes or harsh environments – were placed at level 2, designating them as the key factors influencing accidents. Conclusion: The current research demonstrates that in SMEs, conditional and organizational factors like equipment shortcomings, hazardous processes, and insufficient training for workers are key factors in accident occurrences within these systems. Consequently, by controlling these factors, improvements in their safety conditions can be pursued.

Sistem Informasi Geografis Untuk Visualisasi Daerah Rawan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Jalan Arteri Primer Kota Surabaya

Accidents are an event that often occurs on the highway, especially in big cities, one of which is Surabaya City. Accidents are one of the main problems for the safety of road users. Almost all activities carried out require transportation facilities, if the transportation facilities do not run well due to traffic accidents, the activities carried out will not run well. Therefore, a solution is needed to reduce accidents by building an accident-prone area information system. In determining the criteria for accident-prone areas, it is taken from the Republic of Indonesia Police, the Department of Transportation, and Public Works, based on the number of accidents, the number of fatalities of victims, and road conditions. This research is an effort to visualize the occurrence of accidents using spatial data of Surabaya City road network maps and non-spatial data, namely accident data and road data obtained from the police and the Bina Marga Service. In the final result of this research, an application is obtained that can provide visualization of accident-prone areas such as Ahmad Yani road which is a road with a high accident rate with the number of incidents and has the highest victim fatality weighting results among 9 other primary arterial roads. Keywords:Accident Prone Areas, Geographic Information System, Surabaya City, Traffic, Transportation

CAR ACCIDENTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND LIGHT AS A CONTRIBUTORY FACTOR

Ensuring road safety and preventing car accidents are vital concerns for public health and safety. Despite advancements in vehicle technology and traffic management, the number of road accidents remains alarmingly high, leading to significant loss of life and injuries. The study aims to assess the relationship between causes and types of car accidents depending on lighting conditions when an accident happens. The quantitative content analysis of the car accidents recorded by the POLICE between October 2022 and October 2023 provided relevant data, processed by cluster analysis and illustrated via a heat map. Road safety and preventing car accidents have always been a public priority. The authors analysed crucial aspects of traffic safety and alarming numbers of casualties, including 440 deaths, 1,466 badly and 18,389 slightly injured people. The most common types of accidents involved head-on collisions with solid obstacles and ongoing non-rail vehicles. Careless drivers were the main provokers of the tragic events over the monitored period. Looking at the time of accidents, we can see interesting parallels in their causes, irrespective of the day or nighttime. Our recommendations included raising drivers’ awareness and police imposing preventative measures against the common causes of accidents. The study did not consider other factors behind traffic collisions.

임원배상책임보험의 통지조항 - 기업보험성 및 설명의무와 관련하여

D&amp;O insurance goes beyond covering the risk of lawsuits against directors’ personal property and has become an essential element for the sustainable management of companies. The D&amp;O insurance subscription rate of listed companies in Korea has increased to about 75% as of 2023, but the number of claims in 2022 is 122 and the loss ratio is only 9.6%. The reason why D&amp;O insurance is not activated in Korea is due to the problem of corporate governance in which diectors are not effectively held accountable, as well as the English terms and conditions of the United States, which are based on American corporate law, which is different from Korea’s. The terms and conditions have been written, and the Korean terms and the US English terms and conditions are used as is, resulting in unclear or unreasonable interpretations. In particular, the notice provision, which is the essence of claims-made policy, is the most confusing part in practice and rulings. The notice provision makes immediate notification of a claim a condition precedent for policy and includes the obligation to consent in advance to settlement or defense costs. Since D&amp;O insurance is a corporate insurance, the principle of prohibition of disadvantageous changes in Article 663 of the Commercial Act does not apply, and the duty to explain should be exempted or relieved. If the obligation to notify the occurrence of an insurance accident is not complied with and prior consent for defense costs is not obtained, the insurance shall not be paid. Even if the insurer is in breach of the duty to explain, it should be solved by the interpretation of terms and conditions, and the insurer’s reponsibility for damages.

Quantitative assessment of human error of emergency behavior for hazardous chemical spills in chemical parks

In-depth research on human error is of great significance to improve the human reliability in the emergency rescue as well as to avoid the occurrence of secondary accidents. Therefore, the standardized process and key emergency behaviors in the emergency rescue process of hazardous chemical leakage accidents are first analyzed. Based on the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method, the human error mode was sorted out, and the human error probability estimation model was established. Combining the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process and entropy weight method, a model for estimating the severity of human error was established, realizing the quantitative analysis of the human reliability of the emergency behavior. The study showed that the 21 emergency behaviors were clustered into 3 categories, with clustering 1 including 2 emergency behaviors, which have the highest level of severity, clustering 2 including 11 emergency behaviors, and clustering 3 including 8 emergency behaviors. Finally, countermeasures were proposed in four areas, including increasing the level of Common Performance Conditions and the ability to transmit information on accidents, etc. It indicates that the method can widely guide the improvement of emergency response capability in chemical parks.

Exploring strategies for streamlining security procedures without compromising safety: airport planning and logistical considerations

In the aviation industry, one principal aim is security and safety. On the one hand, governments are interested in globalising their countries and the security of their citizens and visitors while entering and leaving the country. On the other hand, for the aviation industry, it is imperative to guarantee the security of every process. Although aviation is known as the safest mode of transportation, it is the most criticised and scrutinised when an accident happens due to the potential passenger losses. Even if there were only one accident per year, the impact on the public eye would be fatal, and the aviation industry would not be the massive transportation system it is today. In this study, security processes will be analysed and studied through simulations. Apart from safety, another notable characteristic of aviation is the number of passengers who enter airports, take planes, travel, work, and use this system daily. This study focuses on optimising the processes without compromising safety levels. This paper presents various designs and optimisations for airport processing areas by studying parameters such as flight precedence, distribution over long journeys, human factors, and technology. Through this study, readers can better understand airport logistics and the significant influence of these parameters. Balancing all aviation elements is almost an art, requiring careful coordination and management.