Frequency Of Accidents Research Articles

A comparative study of M5P, ANN, and RENB models for prediction of vulnerable road accident frequency

A comparative study of M5P, ANN, and RENB models for prediction of vulnerable road accident frequency

Investigating Motorcycle Accidents in the Presence of Carriageway Hazards

The notable flexibility and relatively lower purchase and operational expenses of motorcycles, particularly when compared to automobiles, contribute significantly to their shares in traffic. However, the capacity to attain high speeds in the absence of a protective vehicle body raises safety concerns, necessitating an examination of the factors influencing motorcycle accidents. Understanding these factors is crucial for implementing precautions to mitigate the severity and frequency of accidents. In this study, we explore the relationships among carriageway hazards, weather and lighting conditions, seeking to understand their influence on the frequency of motorcycle accidents. The analysis is based on a dataset encompassing motorcycle accidents in Great Britain over the past five years. The study found that motorcycle accidents are more likely during daytime and fine weather conditions when a carriageway hazard is present, especially with objects on the road. The conclusion underscores the importance of clean and divided roads, monitoring parked vehicles, and adopting technology for hazard notification.

Analysis of opportunities to increase the level of active car safety

Problem. Increasing the active safety of automobiles remains an important issue in modern automotive engineering. This study will investigate opportunities to increase the effectiveness and scope of automotive active safety measures. Current active safety measures, while effective, are limited in their ability to address the dynamic and multifaceted nature of hazards on the road. Factors such as human error, changing road conditions, and the emergence of new traffic patterns still pose significant risks. These challenges require a comprehensive analysis of opportunities to increase the effectiveness of active car safety. To address these challenges, novel technologies must be explored, industry collaboration must be encouraged, and adaptable standards must be established to integrate and enhance active safety features in vehicles. Thus, itis essential to identify and capitalize on opportunities for progress in active vehicle safety to reduce traffic crashes and promote safer transportation systems Goal. The overarching goal is to significantly improve the effectiveness and breadth of active safety measures for vehicles. This includes: enhanced protection, proactive risk reduction, technology integration, behavioral adaptation, and regulatory strengthening. Achieving these goals will require a multidisciplinary approach that combines technological innovation, behavioral science, regulatory adaptation, and industry collaboration to create a comprehensive and effective active vehicle safety ecosystem. Methodology. Analytical research methods are used, Researching and developing cutting-edge technologies. Originality. A detailed analysis was carried out and the principles of operation of systems and mechanisms included in active safety systems were presented. This analysis will allow to determine the advantages and disadvantages that should be paid attention to when studying these systems. Practical value. Enhanced active car safety offers a variety of benefits and has substantial value. Reduced accidents and fatalities: Reduced accidents and fatalities, advanced safety measures can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of accidents, leading to fewer injuries and fatalities on the road. Improved traffic flow, proactive safety systems reduce potential hazards and contribute to smoother traffic flow and less congestion caused by accidents. Technological innovation, advances in active safety can contribute to broader technological innovation and influence advances in areas other than automotive safety.

Urban Traffic Accident Features Investigation to Improve Urban Transportation Infrastructure Sustainability by Integrating GIS and Data Mining Techniques

Urban traffic accidents pose significant challenges to the sustainability of transportation infrastructure not only in Vietnam but also all over the world. To decrease the frequency of accidents, it is crucial to analyze accident data to determine the relationship between accidents and causes, especially for serious accidents. This study suggests an integrated approach using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Data Mining methods to investigate the features of urban traffic accidents in Hanoi, Vietnam aiming to solve these challenges and enhance the safety and efficiency of urban transportation. Firstly, the dataset was segmented into homogenous clusters using the two-step cluster method. Secondly, the correlation between causes and traffic accidents was examined on the overall dataset as well as on each cluster using the association rule mining (ARM) technique. Finally, the location of accident groups and high-frequency sites of accidents (hotspots) were determined by using GIS techniques. As a result, a five-cluster model was created, which corresponded to five common accident groupings in Hanoi. Moreover, the results of the study also identified the types of accidents, the main causes, the time, and the surrounding areas corresponding to each accident group. In detail, cluster 5 depicted accidents on streets, provincial, and national roads caused by motorbikes making up the highest percentage within the groups, accounting for 29.2%. Speeding and driving in the wrong lane in the afternoon and at night were the main causes in this cluster (Cf ≥ 0.9 and Lt ≥ 1.22). Next, cluster 2 had the second-highest proportion. Cluster 2 presented accidents between a truck/car and a motorbike on national and provincial roads, accounting for 27.8%. Cluster 1 presented accidents between a truck/car and a motorbike on local streets, accounting for 22%. Cluster 3 illustrated accidents between two motorbikes on the country lanes, accounting for 12.3%. Finally, cluster 4 depicted single-vehicle motorbike crashes, with the lowest rate of 8.8%. More importantly, this study also recommended using repeatability criteria for the same type of accidents or causes to determine the location of hotspots. Also, suggestions for improving traffic infrastructure sustainability were proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first time in which these three methods are applied simultaneously for analyzing traffic accidents.

Çocukluk Çağı Ev Kazalarının Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirmesi: 2 Yıllık Retrospektif Tek Merkezli Bir Çalışma

Background: Children are at a significant risk of domestic accidents due to their interest, curiosity, and lack of awareness of their surroundings. This study aims to evaluate domestic accidents from a medicolegal perspective and draw attention to the frequency and severity of such accidents in childhood.
 
 Materials and Methods: All ICD-10 codes related to domestic accidents and injuries were scanned and reviewed. A total of 1,835 cases in the age group of 0-18 years, who presented to our hospital with a history of domestic accidents, were identified between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2016.
 
 Results: The mean age of the cases was found to be 45 months (min: 0, max: 215). It was observed that domestic accidents occurred predominantly in the 13-24 months age group, accounting for 494 (26.9%) cases. The majority of accidents occurred in the living room, constituting 672 (36.6%) cases, and the most common type of accident was falling, accounting for 960 (52.4%) cases. Only 451 (24.6%) of the study population were reported to judicial authorities.
 
 Conclusion: In cases of domestic accidents, especially if they are repeated, to avoid overlooking child abuse cases, it is recommended to seek opinions from experienced forensic medicine practitioners in this field, if possible. Establishing a national domestic accident database and conducting further studies on domestic accidents in children will enable us to comprehend the true extent of these accidents and develop new and diverse approaches to prevent them.

Simultaneous Ag+ and Hg2+ colorimetric sensors based on graphene oxide/Au-Pt nanoparticles

ABSTRACT With the development of society and the increasing frequency of heavy metal pollution accidents, there is an urgent need for real-time on-site detection technology for heavy metals to control pollution and protect the environment. Therefore, in this paper, a colorimetric sensor was constructed based on the peroxidase-like nature of graphene oxide/nano-gold platinum composites (GO/Au-PtNPs), and a colorimetric sensor was constructed to achieve simple and rapid on-site simultaneous detection of Ag+ and Hg2+. This is mainly because GO/Au-PtNPs can catalyse the oxidation of the chromogenic agent 3,3‘,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue in the presence of H2O2. Additionally, Ag+ and Hg2+ can selectively inhibit the catalase activity of GO/Au-PtNPs. This inhibition causes the system colour to lighten, which can be observed by the naked eye. The simultaneous visual detection of Ag+ and Hg2+ is achieved by the change in absorbance value of the system before and after the addition of EDTA. Under the optimal detection conditions, the colorimetric sensor had a detection range of 1 –10,000 nM for Hg2+, with a detection limit of 1 nM. For Ag+, the detection range was 50 –100,000 nM, with a detection limit of 50 nM. The colorimetric sensing method has high sensitivity, and a wide detection range, and is not affected by other interfering ions. It also exhibits good specificity. In addition, the method achieved a recovery rate of 92–104% for Ag+ and Hg2+ in spiked campus lake water, tap water, and serum. We envision that this material will have a wide range of potential applications in biomedical and environmental chemistry.

Attention Failures Cause Workplace Accidents: Why Workers Ignore Hazards and What To Do About It

Accidents readily occur when workers are not attentive to the hazards of their work. For some professionals, such as workers in the construction and mining industry, exposure to workplace hazards occurs on a daily basis. Such repetitive exposure to workplace hazards poses unique challenges for the attention of workers. This review explores how, in the absence of negative consequences, repetitive exposure to hazards decreases attention to them. Recommendations, informed by the science of attention, suggest how to combat the tendency to ignore frequently-exposed hazards and restore worker vigilance, thereby reducing the frequency of workplace accidents. Experiential training incorporating virtual reality holds some promise.

Evaluation of Occupational Safety in Restoration Projects of Historic Buildings: Risk Analysis with Selected Projects

Restoration works in historical buildings, which have gained importance in Türkiye in recent years, have unique risks in terms of occupational safety. Employees in this sector are exposed to many different risks during the restoration of historical building projects, and ensuring occupational safety is an important problem for the sector. In order to find a solution to this problem, a comprehensive examination of historical building projects was made in terms of occupational safety during the restoration process. Within the scope of the study every stage of the three different restoration projects was examined in terms of occupational safety. In line with this research, job safety analysis was performed by dividing the steps in the restoration projects into groups. The risks in the construction sites were determined and precautions were presented to eliminate or reduce these risks. As a result, the risks that may occur during the restoration phase of a historical building are shown in detail together with the prevention methods. It is expected that if the stakeholders of restoration projects integrate the information presented into their occupational health and safety systems, it will contribute to the improvement in the processes and there will be a decrease in the frequency of work accidents.

A Scientometric Analysis of Wellbeing Research in the Construction Industry

The significance of wellbeing in the construction industry has increased due to the high frequency of accidents. However, the existing research fails to comprehensively address the various aspects of wellbeing. To address this gap, we conducted a literature review on wellbeing in the construction industry and carried out a trend analysis of its multiple dimensions. A systematic review of 162 peer-reviewed journal articles was performed using scientometric analysis and qualitative trend analysis techniques. The results indicated that the discussion on wellbeing in the construction industry tends to overlook its multifaceted nature. Prominent publication outlets were identified, with a focus on environmental and physical wellbeing, while recognising notable contributions in the field of mental wellbeing and the limited contributions to other dimensions of wellbeing. This study offers valuable insights for both researchers and industry practitioners. Researchers can identify priority areas for future research based on the identified gaps, while construction companies can gain awareness of the potential relevance of wellbeing in the industry. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on wellbeing in the construction industry by analysing its various dimensions and providing research directions. It serves as a reference point for interpreting findings and offers guidance for future research endeavours.

Influence of Leadership Communication in Fostering Employees' Safety Commitment in Oil and Gas Industry

Over the span of decades, sustained research efforts have been dedicated to the realm of occupational safety and health practices within high-hazard work environments. This focus stems from the alarming frequency of accidents and injuries occurring within these settings. Recent research findings have consistently underscored the pivotal role of human factors – encompassing individual perspectives, communication, attitudes, and behaviors – as the chief catalysts behind such unfortunate incidents in high-risk workplaces. Nevertheless, the trajectory of these accidents and injuries can be altered, and the toll mitigated, by scrutinizing the safety commitment of employees. This commitment, crucial for ensuring safer work environments, can be cultivated through consistent interaction and communication with leaders. This interaction serves to enhance employees’ knowledge and awareness concerning safety practices. In this context, the current article delves into the profound impact of leadership communication on employees’ safety commitment within the oil and gas industry. Employing a quantitative approach, the study relied on survey-type questionnaires to fulfill its objectives. From maintenance and operation departments, a random selection of 260 technical employees participated as respondents. The findings convincingly establish that leadership communication exerts a substantial and significant influence on employees’ safety commitment.
 Keywords: OSH, leadership, communication, safety commitment, oil and gas

Laboratory Risk Assessment Based on SHELL-HACCP-Cloud Model

With the increasing demand and expanding scale of laboratories in colleges and universities, laboratory accidents frequently occur, seriously impacting personal health, schools, society, and the environment. Scientific and effective risk assessment is crucial to prevent accidents. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce the risk of chemical laboratories and minimize the frequency of accidents. This study employs the combination of the SHELL model and HACCP system to analyze the potential sources of hazards in hazardous chemical laboratories and establish a risk assessment index system. Based on the Cloud model, a dynamic risk assessment model for the laboratory is established to quantitatively evaluate the risk level of the evaluation results. In order to ensure the rationality of the assessment results, the subjective and objective weights are combined by the principle of minimizing information entropy. Case analysis proves the scientific validity of the evaluation results of the model, which can assist laboratory managers in formulating emergency plans and risk management mechanisms to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of experimental accidents. This approach ensures the safe and sustainable development of schools and laboratories, which is conducive to the progress of researchers’ scientific research results.

Accident Analysis and Identification of Black Spots on Road Section from Sanga to Dhulikhel in Araniko Highway

Road accidents are major causes of injuries and fatalities worldwide and a significant public health concern. This paper includes a comprehensive analysis of road accidents on the road section from Sanga to Dhulikhel of Kavrepalanchwok district to identify trends of accidents, causes contributing to accidents and identifying the accident black spots and ranking accident black spots based on the Weighted Severity Index and Accident Severity Index. The study uses a data-driven approach using accident data obtained from the district police office, statistical analysis and weighted Severity Index and Accident Severity Index to observe road accident patterns. This study focuses on accident analysis to find out the spatial distribution of accidents, highlight accident peak times, accident black spots and their ranking. The various factors contributing to road accidents related to driver behaviour, vehicle condition, pedestrian behaviour, and environmental condition were explored and statistical analysis are done to determine accident likelihood and severity which are very helpful to identify accident-prone areas. There is a noteworthy pattern in the accident records in the past four fiscal years. Overall, fatal accidents have decreased over the years but serious accidents have increased. The number of minor incidents has also shown some variation. Males had more accidents than females. It is clear that the male percentage significantly outnumber the female comprising 81.9%, while females make up only 10.1%. It was observed that the 26 to 56 age group is a more vulnerable. The relatively low percentages of accidents occurred during morning and late evening. The accident frequency significantly rises from the late morning through the early afternoon with peak frequency in the late afternoon. It was observed that light vehicles account for 25%, tipper and other vehicles account for 19%, two wheeler accounts for 20% and vehicle and pedestrian accounts for 36% of the total accidents recorded. This study suggests evidence-based recommendations for accident prevention, infrastructure improvement, public awareness programs and law enforcement strategies to reduce road accidents.

The Design of Steps: The Correlation to the Danger and Occurrence of Accidents

The purpose of this paper was how the design of steps are connected with the frequency of accidents. Research was conducted to see what issues contribute the most frequently and present the most danger to people. Once those issues were properly identified, we generated 3D concepts that can be manufactured and implemented to combat the liabilities affecting the stairs. Staircase accidents would be decreased through good lighting, a familiar and consistent design, a strong foundation that offers friction and grip, and a way to remove liquid. This would allow for the safe use in dark or wet conditions, or when in use by busy workers that are multitasking and not paying attention to the stairs. We conclude that utilizing solutions in safety can save people from injuries and death when on a staircase.

Comparison of Intracoronary Tirofiban And Intravenous Tirofiban for Major Adverse Cardiac Events and Cerebrovascular Accident

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and and Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA) have become primary areas of interest due to the ongoing focal research in cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To assess the frequency of major adverse cardiac events and cerebrovascular accidents for intracoronary tirofiban and intravenous tirofiban. Methods: It was a comparative study conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from March 2019 to March 2020. A total of 250 patients of both genders, aged between 20 to 65 years were enrolled in this study who had STEMI and have high thrombus burden or TIMI flow grade < 3 during primary PCI. They were divided into two groups namely intracoronary tirofiban group and intravenous tirofiban. The impact of intracoronary tirofiban versus intravenous tirofiban outcomes were assessed. Results: Statistically insignificant difference in MACE (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident & revascularization) between intracoronary & intravenous tirofiban groups was noted. The frequency distribution for cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) showed that haemorrhage was found similar in both groups. Ischemic stroke, in patients of the intracoronary tirofiban group compared with intravenous tirofiban group, was 1 (0.8%) vs 3 (2.4%) with p-value 0.348 respectively. Reversible ischemic neurological deficit (RIND) was found in 3 (2.4%) in the intracoronary and 4 (3.2%) in the intravenous group. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) found in the intracoronary was 8(6.4%) whereas in the intravenous group was 9 (7.2%). Conclusions: The results of our study make us conclude that tirofiban when given intracoronary or intravenous does not show any significant difference for major adverse cardiac events and cerebrovascular accidents.

Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System in the Education Sector

Introduction: The frequency of work accidents, occupational illness, and natural disasters that influence schools and universities requires the implementation of occupational safety and health not only in the industrial sector, but also in the education sector. This study aimed to implement the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (hereinafter OSHMS) at the Public Health Faculty University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta as part of an effort to protect all academic community, contractors, guests, and visitors from work accidents and occupational diseases. Method: This study was operational research that employs an implementation framework, which involves the entire population in the faculty as the research sample. Data was analyzed descriptively both qualitative and quantitative. Result: OSHMS is successfully implemented with the stipulation of several policies at the Public Health Faculty University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta through the Dean's Decree Number 05 of 2022 concerning Determination of Occupational Safety and Health Policies, the formation of an occupational safety and health committee through the Dean's Decree Number 04 of 2022, implementation of OSHMS socialization, and installation of signs related to safety and health in the workplace. Conclusion: The implementation strategy carried out through the stages of exploration, installation, initial implementation, and sustainability was successfully used as a guide in realizing the implementation of OSHMS at the Public Health Faculty University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta.

Screening of accident scenarios of hydrogen refueling stations based on HyRAM+ and Latin hypercube sampling

Due to the boom in hydrogen energy, risk assessment for hydrogen refueling station (HRS), which is as an infrastructure to supply hydrogen energy, is increasingly important. It is also crucial to screen out accident scenarios with low probabilities and low harms. This study theoretically focuses on an accident scenarios screening method for HRS based on Hydrogen Plus Other Alternative Fuels Risk Assessment Models (HyRAM+) and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). According to the unit division of process flow in HRS, accident scenarios were preliminarily screened by accident consequence frequencies and maximum leakages. By comparing credible factor C and Potential Loss of Life (PLL), accident scenarios were screened secondly to obtain maximum credible accident scenario (MAS). The uncertainties of hydrogen leak, leak isolation, ignition possibilities, and the occupant positions were considered using LHS method for accident consequence frequencies and PLL. The assessment results for one HRS indicate that consequence frequencies of jet fire and explosion may be underestimated by HyRAM+. Moreover, MASs of jet fire and explosion were determined by complete rupture of the pipeline of the hydrogen compressor unit and explosion has a more significant impact on property loss than jet fire.

An integration of intelligent approaches and economic criteria for predictive analytics of occupational accidents

Occupational accidents are a significant concern, resulting in human suffering, economic crises, and social issues. Despite ongoing efforts to comprehend their causes and predict their occurrences, the use of machine learning models in this domain remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by investigating intelligent approaches that incorporate economic criteria to predict occupational accidents. Four machine learning algorithms, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), and M5 Tree Model (M5), were employed to predict occupational accidents, considering three economic criteria: basic income (BI), inflation index (II), and price index (PI). The study focuses on identifying the most suitable model for predicting the frequency of occupational accidents (FOA) and determining the economic criteria with the greatest influence. The results reveal that the RF model accurately predicts accidents across all income levels. Additionally, among the economic criteria, II had the most significant impact on accidents. The findings suggest that a reduction in FOA is unlikely in the coming years due to the increasing growth of II and PI, coupled with a slight annual increase in BI. Implementing appropriate countermeasures to enhance workers’ economic welfare, particularly for low-income employees, is crucial for reducing occupational accidents. This research underscores the potential of machine learning models in predicting and preventing occupational accidents while highlighting the critical role of economic factors. It contributes valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to develop effective strategies and interventions to improve workplace safety and workers’ economic well-being.

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Evolution Characteristics of Water Traffic Accidents in Asia since the 21st Century

As an important mode of transportation for the global trade, waterborne transportation has become a priority option for import and export trade due to its large load capacity and relatively low cost. Meanwhile, shipping safety has been highly valued. By collecting technological water traffic accident data from the EM-DAT database, the spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics were investigated in Asia since 2000. The methods of gravity center and standard deviation ellipse analysis were utilized to determine the spatial and data-related characteristics of water traffic accidents. Temporally, the results indicated that accidents occurred most frequently during the seasons of autumn and winter, leading to a significant number of casualties. Spatially, both South-eastern Asia and Southern Asia emerged as regions with a high frequency of water traffic accidents, particularly along the borders of Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Bay of Bengal region. In addition, the Daniel trend test and R/S analysis were conducted to demonstrate the evolution trend of accidents across various regions and seasons. The present study provides guidance for improving marine shipping safety, emergency resource management, and relevant policy formulation.

Vehicle To Vehicle Communication and Accident Prevention

V2V collisions are one of the most destructive events. Although there are many other causes of V2V accidents, driver neglects and excessive speed are the main culprits. Additionally, it appears that a lack of awareness makes it difficult to arrive at the scene of the collision in time. By reducing the frequency of accidents, the development of Internet of Things(IoT) technology Can aid in the solution of this issue. In this study, a smart system that warns users, control vehicle speed, and properly warns people in the event of accidents. This device continuously monitors the distance between oncoming cars and any obstruction by using distance sensor. It will alert the driver to restrict speed and will automatically slow down the when crucial distance is approaching. It is a system that can send a warning to the police stations and be capable of identifying accidents. RSU will be used to monitor and compare a vehicle’s speed. IOT-based vehicle safety Alert and Tracking System Research and Implementation When an accident occurs under unclear conditions, a notice alert with V2V information is delivered to the person responsible.

Crash Severity Analysis of Young Adult Motorcyclists: A Comparison of Urban and Rural Local Roadways

In developing nations, motorcycles are a ubiquitous mode of transportation on local road networks, contributing to a substantial frequency of traffic accidents and fatalities. These occurrences exhibit significant discrepancies between urban and rural road environments. Specifically, urban roads exhibit greater traffic density and more robust law enforcement presence compared to their rural counterparts, factors that invariably influence vehicular speeds. Consequently, these variations in speed are associated with the adoption of riskier behaviors by motorists, with a pronounced impact on Young Adult Motorcyclists (YAMs) who demonstrate a heightened propensity for engaging in perilous activities, such as operating a motorcycle while under the influence or executing excessively close maneuvers. This study seeks to examine the factors that influence injury severity among YAM on local roads by contrasting urban and rural roadways, taking into account the different roadway contexts. Data from motorcycle crashes on local roads in Thailand between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed using the Random Parameter Logit Models with Unobserved Heterogeneity in Means and Variances (RPLMV) approach to investigate the relationship between contributing factors and YAM injury severity. The findings revealed several critical insights into the factors influencing the severity of motorcycle accidents, particularly among YAM on local urban roads. It is evident that a confluence of factors, including the absence of a valid driver’s license, exceeding designated speed limits, and the involvement of male drivers, significantly elevates the probability of fatal outcomes in these accidents. Our analysis has also unveiled intriguing patterns in nighttime accidents involving motorcycles, where those with functioning vehicle lights and those occurring under the cover of darkness without proper illumination share notable similarities in terms of severity. Furthermore, our research has emphasized that accidents transpiring outside city confines during nighttime hours with adequate lighting exhibit a negligible impact on higher crash severity. The key findings advocate for the development and implementation of targeted policy recommendations and countermeasures to alleviate the severity of accidents involving YAM. This includes a proposition to bolster law enforcement efforts, particularly in regions beyond city borders, and to enforce strict adherence to regulations concerning driver’s license verifications. Our study offers a crucial foundation for future research and policy development aimed at improving road safety and reducing the severity of motorcycle accidents, with the ultimate goal of safeguarding the lives of YAM.