Accidental Omission Research Articles

Incipient Bearing Fault Extraction based on an Adaptive Multi-stage Noise Reduction Method

Considering the strong nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of rolling bearing vibration signals, this paper proposes a multi-stage noise reduction method using adaptive variational mode decomposition and modulation signal bispectrum (AVMD-MSB) to extract the fault features of rolling bearings. Firstly, the AVMD is employed to adaptively select VMD parameters K and α and decompose the signal into a series of Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which allows an adaptive selection of the parameters of VMD. Then, all IMF components are reconstructed with weights according to the index of correlation kurtosis to avoid accidental omission of the IMFs containing important fault information. Finally, MSB is implemented to further suppress residual noises and interference components in the signal, precisely extract the bearing fault features. Numerical simulation and case study show that the AVMD-MSB is more advantageous in extracting fault characteristics from rolling bearing vibration signals compared with AVMD-Envelope and conventional VMD-MSB.

The Ruling on Alerting the Verses of the Qur’an in Prayer

Praise be to Allah, and may prayers and peace be upon the faithful Prophet. Prayer holds a high position in Islam, and the Sharia clarifies its rulings, as well as what validates or invalidates them. Due to human nature being prone to forgetfulness and distraction, worshippers often find themselves in situations where they need to correct their actions during prayer and alert others to possible mistakes. Many times, an Imam may be uncertain about the correct course of action, or congregants may inadvertently disrupt his prayer with conversations. In such cases, it becomes necessary to address the issue and continue with the prayer. This research aims to benefit worshippers, including Imams and congregants, by providing guidance on correcting prayers and avoiding accidental omissions, as well as offering strategies for alerting others when necessary. The research discusses various examples of Quranic verses that can be remembered and utilized during prayer to alert the Imam, the congregation, or others. The title of this research is: "The Ruling on Alerting with Quranic Verses During Prayer". Its primary objectives include mentioning examples of Quranic verses suitable for alerting. The research is structured into an introduction, four main sections, and a conclusion. The first section covers the warning of praise and similar actions, the second focuses on alerting with Quranic verses, the third explores the positions of early scholars regarding Quranic verse alerting, and the fourth provides examples of Quranic verses suitable for alerting during prayer.

An evaluation of standardised pharmaceutical handover on critical care units

Abstract Introduction Patients cared for in the Critical Care unit are severely ill and may require multiple changes to their usual medication and new medicines to manage their current clinical condition. Due to pharmacist working patterns at University Hospital Southampton (UHS) patients on the Critical Care unit will receive pharmaceutical care from more than one pharmacist. It is vital that any changes are communicated between members of the pharmacy team as deliberate clinical decisions and not accidental omissions or errors. It is recognised that transfer of patients between professionals or teams caring for them is “one of the very high-risk transactions of health care service” 1. Errors of omission in medication for chronic conditions on Critical Care may lead to continuing omission of this therapy following discharge from hospital.2 Aim To assess the impact on pharmacist time and patient care of a formalised pharmaceutical handover for Critical Care patients at UHS. Methods Handovers are part of routine pharmaceutical care and ethics approval was not required. A pharmacist handover tool was developed within the existing Microsoft Access database used on Critical Care at UHS. Prior to the implementation a cohort of patients were identified and followed up on Critical Care discharge. Data were collected regarding pharmacist documented pre-Critical care medication, changes to this medication, ITU prophylaxis therapies. Following implementation, a second cohort was identified and a further data set collected. Data was analysed using a series of chi-squared tests and two-sample t-tests. Qualitative data were collected about ward pharmacist perceptions of pharmaceutical handover issues from Critical Care and regarding the Critical Care pharmacists’ use of the system and perceptions following its introduction. Ethical approval was not required for this service development initiative and evaluation. Results Favourable trends were detected following the introduction of the standardised handover tool: these did not reach statistical significance in most of the outcomes measured. There wasa statistical difference in the number of changes to pre-ITU medication detected following the handover introduction (p=0.028). The ward pharmacists consulted often had queries about medication changes. Within the critical care team the system was regarded as easy to use and useful. Discussion/Conclusion The standardised handover was well received by the Critical Care team who considered it to be simple to use and a useful tool. Statistical significance was not reached for the majority of measures although a positive trend was detected, probably due to the small sample size. Further standardisation handover system will ensure consistency of pharmaceutical care for this group of complex patients. Since this project was completed, the tool developed has been incorporated into the clinical information system now used within the Trust and has been developed further as an integrated part of the system. The tool is also used within other areas who use the clinical information system and will be reviewed and developed for their specialist areas including neonatal and paediatric intensive care where the information hand over may require different priority areas to be highlighted. Ward pharmacists are also able to access the clinical information handover tool and has led to a reduction in post-critical care queries.

The method of detection and localization of configuration defects in geodetic networks by means of Tikhonov regularization

Abstract In adjusted geodetic networks, cases of local configuration defects (defects in the geometric structure of the network due to missing data or errors in point numbering) can be encountered, which lead to the singularity of the normal equation system in the least-squares procedure. Numbering errors in observation sets cause the computer program to define the network geometry incorrectly. Another cause of a defect may be accidental omission of certain data records, causing local indeterminacy or lowering of local reliability rates in a network. Obviously, the problem of a configuration defect may be easily detectable in networks with a small number of points. However, it becomes a real problem in large networks, where manual checking of all data becomes a very expensive task. The paper presents a new strategy for the detection of configuration defects with the use of the Tikhonov regularization method. The method was implemented in 1992 in the GEONET system (www.geonet.net.pl).

The History of the Early Modern Period Turkish Armenians in Soviet Historiography

The study of the Early modern period Western Armenian or Turkish-Armenian history did not interest the Soviet-Armenian historiography much. It was primarily subordi-nated to the Eastern Armenian historical priorities, and occupied a marginal place in the Soviet-Armenian historiographical system. The absence of study on the Turkish-Armenian history in the Soviet-Armenian historiographical system was not an acci-dental omission, but the result of the political attitudes of the Soviet historiographical thought, which [the attitudes], since the Stalin era, had not always derived from the Western Armenian historical reasoning.

Appraising Nigeria’s Supreme Court’s Powers to Review Its Own Judgments

The paper appraises the power of review of the Supreme Court on its own judgment in Nigeria and Ghana, that is, judgment delivered by the Court and the judgment of the Court being appealed on by an aggrieved party despite the fact that the Court is one of finality once it delivers its judgment. Two distinctions are made pertaining to this. First, the Court’s powers to review its judgment based accidental slip or omission, clerical error or to vary a judgment or order to give effect to its purpose or intention that occasioned miscarriage of justice. Second, the Court’s power to review, that is, sit as an appellate Court on its judgments. Plethora of Supreme Court judgments in both jurisdictions was examined in dealing with the two germane issues raised. The paper concludes that in respect of the former, such power enures the Court while in case of the latter, such power does not enure it. It calls for amendment of applicable laws so that the Court can sit as an appellate Court on its judgments. It however cautions that this power of review should be rarely exercised unless there exist a clear case of gross miscarriage of justice based on strong compelling facts.

P28 Gentamicin-related incidents in neonates before and after the introduction of electronic prescribing and medicines administration (ePMA)

AimGentamicin is widely used to treat early neonatal sepsis as part of a regimen recommended by NICE.1 However, it is frequently implicated in clinical incidents relating to errors in prescribing and administration. This project aimed to evaluate whether the introduction of ePMA had an effect on the frequency and type of incidents that occur relating to the use of gentamicin in neonates.MethodA paper gentamicin prescription chart was used from July 2013 until the implementation of ePMA on 28th January 2019. Using ePMA, prescribers were encouraged to use a pre-set template for ‘neonatal early onset sepsis’, listing benzylpenicillin and gentamicin (in mg/kg). Prescribers had to input the date and time of the first dose, and the system would automatically calculate the dose and time of subsequent administrations. A visual cue was used by the system to signal to nurses that a dose was due. Data was extracted from our local incident reporting system between the periods of 1st July 2013 to 27th January 2019 (‘pre-ePMA’) and 28th January 2019 to 30th June 2019 (‘post-ePMA’), where ‘gentamicin’ was mentioned in the incident description under the ‘neonates’ specialty. The data was examined, categorised into ‘prescribing-related’, ‘administration-related’, or ‘other’ and within the former two, grouped into identified themes.ResultsPre-ePMA 55 incidents were reported (mean=9/year, range 6–16/year), of which 41 (75%) were deemed to have the potential to cause harm. 27 (49%) incidents were prescribing-related and 19 (35%) were administration-related. The rest of the incidents were classed as ‘other’ eg. mislabelling blood samples. The most common prescribing-related incidents were incorrect frequency intervals, accidental omission, incorrect dose, or failing to meet prescribing standards. The most common administration-related incidents were doses being given too early, too late or missed. Four incidents were reported in the 5-month period post-ePMA (2 prescribing-related, 1 administration-related, 1 other). All prescribing- and administration-related incidents were deemed to have the potential to cause harm. One incident was due to incorrect frequency (first dose was given before arrival and prescriber had to manually calculate interval), one incident related to unintended doses prescribed and given (only benzylpenicillin was indicated), and one administration incident from poor documentation (dose given but not signed for). Compared with the same 5-month period in 2018 (pre-EPMA), 1 more incident had been reported this year compared to the previous year where only 3 incidents were reported.ConclusionThe introduction of ePMA may not reduce the number of reported incidents relating to gentamicin in neonates. A longer period of study is needed to evaluate the effects of transitioning from paper to ePMA. Our results suggest that ePMA can eliminate or reduce the risk of some types of errors, but can also make no difference to others, and can create new types of system-related errors, which can still have the potential to cause harm. This is consistent with the outcomes of a similar study in 2016 in another centre.2ReferencesNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Neonatal infection (early onset): antibiotics for prevention and treatment. Manchester: NICE; 2012.Kitson G. Implementation of an electronic prescription chart for gentamicin for neonatal units and postnatal wards. Arch Dis Child, 2016;101e2.

Lessons learned from the hypovitaminosis D kyphotic pig model.

Nutritional sufficiency of vitamin D (D) continues to be a major interest for both animal production and human health. The lack of adequate D status biomarkers to predict the risk of various physiological outcomes and the complications associated with the use of whole animal models has led to unsubstantiated D recommendations in both veterinary and human medicine. The generational carryover effects of maternal dietary D levels during pregnancy and lactation have stimulated considerable interest; however, the understanding of maternal effects is quite limited. Research efforts after an unprecedented outbreak and subsidence in 2008 of kyphosis in our swine research herd at the University of Wisconsin Swine Research and Teaching Center (SRTC; Rortvedt and Crenshaw, 2012) led to the characterization of the hypovitaminosis D kyphotic pig model. Kyphosis is defined as an idiopathic disease characterized by abnormal outward spinal curvature caused by three or more adjacent vertebra wedged greater than or equal to 5° (Sorenson, 1964). While dramatic abnormal curvature is evident, early stages of kyphosis are not always visible, but can be detected by x-ray imaging procedures. After the initial outbreak, the cause of kyphosis was traced back to an accidental omission of D from a custom-made premix. Feeding the D-deficient premix to sows during gestation and lactation proved to be a critical component for the induction of kyphosis in subsequent offspring. The dietary constraints to induce the hypovitaminosis D kyphotic pig model, as shown in Figure 1, have been replicated in multiple, controlled experiments in our efforts to more completely understand and characterize the role of maternal dietary D effects on bone development in young growing pigs (Rortvedt and Crenshaw, 2012; Amundson et al., 2017).

Factors that influence adherence to aspirin therapy in the prevention of preeclampsia amongst high-risk pregnant women: A mixed method analysis.

BackgroundNon-adherence with medications in pregnancy is increasingly recognized and often results in a higher rate of preventable maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Non-adherence with prophylactic aspirin amongst high-risk pregnant women is associated with higher incidence of preeclampsia, preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction. Yet, the factors that influences adherence with aspirin in pregnancy, from the women’s perspective, remains poorly understood.ObjectiveThe study is aimed at understanding the factors, from the women’s perspective, that influenced adherence with prophylactic aspirin in their pregnancy.Study designA sequential-exploratory designed mixed methods quantitative (n = 122) and qualitative (n = 6) survey of women with recent high-risk pregnancy necessitating antenatal prophylactic aspirin was utilized. Women recruited underwent their antenatal care in one of three high-risk pregnancy clinics within the South Western Sydney Local Health District, Australia. The quantitative study was done through an electronic anonymous survey and the qualitative study was conducted through a face-to-face interview. Data obtained was analysed against women’s adherence with aspirin utilizing phi correlation (φ) with significance set at <0.05.ResultsTwo key themes, from the women’s perspective, that influenced their adherence with aspirin in pregnancy were identified; (1) pill burden and non-intention omission (2) communication and relationship with health care provider (HCP). Pill burden and its associated non-intentional omission, both strongly corelated with reduced adherence (Φ = 0.8, p = 0.02, Φ = 0.8, p<0.01) whilst the use of reminder strategies minimized accidental omission and improved adherence (Φ = 0.9, p<0.01). Consistent communication between HCPs and a good patient-HCP relationship was strongly associated with improved adherence (Φ = 0.7, p = 0.04, Φ = 0.9, p = <0.01) and more importantly was found to play an important role in alleviating factors that had potentials to negatively influence adherence with aspirin in pregnancy.ConclusionThis study identified factors that both positively and negatively influenced adherence with aspirin amongst high-risk pregnant women. Is highlights the importance in recognizing the impact of pill burden in pregnancy and the need to counsel women on the utility of reminder strategies to minimize non-intentional omission. Importantly, it emphasizes on the importance of a positive patient-HCP relationship through effective and consistent communication to achieve the desired maternal and fetal outcomes.

The paradox of state identification:de factostates, recognition, and the (re-)production of the international

AbstractThe literature onde factostates challenges the conventional identification of states by legal recognition, proposing to identify states based on their effectiveness instead. Yet, as I argue in this paper, rather than turning the tables on recognition, thede factostate challenge ultimately reveals all state identification in International Relations and international law to be essentially indeterminate. This lacuna, I suggest, is not an accidental omission, but an expression of the foundational paradox of modern political order that is rooted in the intertwined ontology of the state system and the individual states constituting it, with each presupposing the other. As a result, the opposition between empirical facts, political decisions, and legal norms invoked in attempts to identify states cannot but remain irresolvable. This should not be regarded as a problem to be overcome, however, but as a source of social order. Although states cannot be substantively identified, any effort to do so in practice naturalizes the state as the very form through which we articulate and shape political claims, conflicts, and settlements. In performatively enacting states precisely at the contested margins, state identification thus both invokes and (re-)produces the statist international as the central imaginary of modern political order.

The role of multiple observations in small-molecule single-crystal service X-ray structure determination.

In order to gain a better understanding of how to improve the quality of small-molecule single-crystal X-ray diffraction data achievable in a finite time, a study was carried out to investigate the effect of varying the multiplicity, acquisition time, detector binning, maximum resolution and completeness. The results suggest that, unless there are strong arguments for a different strategy, a good routine procedure might be to optimize the conditions necessary to get the best data from single scans, and then choose a multiplicity of observations (MoO) to utilize the available time fully. Different strategies may be required if the crystal is highly absorbing, is larger than the incident beam, is enclosed in a capillary tube or is unusual in some other way. The signal-to-noise ratio should be used with care, as collecting data for longer or at higher multiplicity appears to give a systematic underestimate of the intensity uncertainties. Further, the results demonstrate that including poor-quality data in a refinement may degrade the result and, in the general case, the accidental omission of reflections has a very small impact on the refinement as long as they are omitted at random. Systematic omission of reflections needs a convincing procedural justification.

Revolutionizing the Status Quo

The works of Anastasius of Sinai offer an important window into the lives of Christians living under Muslim rule at the end of the seventh century. Writing after spending several decades traveling the Muslim-conquered Near East, Anastasius produced works that spoke simultaneously to both the theological significance of Muslim rule and to the continued doctrinal debates between Chalcedonians and anti-Chalcedonians. This article focuses on comparing how Anastasius characterizes Muslims and anti-Chalcedonian Christians, particularly in his Viae dux and collections of edifying tales. Although he often discusses Muslims in connection to demons or other evil forces, these references lack any real sense of horror. Moreover, his works have only limited references to Muslims, and he often use their presence as a pretext to discuss doctrinal variation and heresy instead. It is worth noting that modern study of Anastasius’ corpus has been complicated by confusion over authorship because his works also often lack internal historical references that could be used for consistent dating. Moreover, many aspects of his theology relate to post-Chalcedon doctrine, and therefore could easily be attributed to an author of the sixth century. However, given the monk's travels, which took place during the height of the Muslim incursion into the Levant, the Muslims’ absence may not be merely an accidental omission, but may rather represent a conscious choice by Anastasius to create works that echo pre-Islamic writing, in order to create a sense of continuity and a unified Christian world that was, in reality, disrupted by Muslim rule.

Retracted: Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis Isolates Recovered from Chicken, Chicken Breast, and Humans Through National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Between 1996 and 2014.

The online e-pub version of the article entitled, Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis Isolates Recovered from Chicken, Chicken Breast, and Humans Through National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Between 1996 and 2014" by Paudyal N, Pan H, Li X. Fang W. Yue M., Foodborne Pathog Dis [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2402 is being officially retracted from Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (FPD) due to a significant number of errors in reporting and miscalculations of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) datasets reported in the paper. Authors evaluated NARMS data, which are in the public domain, and analyzed a subset of NARMS data to address questions about a specific serotype of Salmonella in humans and chicken meat. Authors analyzed Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from humans, chicken and retail chicken meat, with their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to a range of commonly used antibiotics in the US collected over a period of 1996-2014 by NARMS, to segregate isolates based on their MIC value for a certain antimicrobial and evaluate their relationship along the foodborne transmission pathway. NARMS has data on more than 185,000 isolates that can be downloaded in an accessible format. To help make these large data sets more accessible, the NARMS teams continue to develop new tools to enable users to explore them according to their own interests. As a public health surveillance system, the goal is continuous improvement and open, transparent data sharing. The NARMS partners believe this is the best way to foster a collaborative effort to combat antibiotic resistance. After the online-ahead-of-print version of the paper, which used a subset of NARMS data, was published, a significant concern was brought to the attention of the Editor-in-Chief of FPD indicating that the article contained several significant errors which could potentially lead to a misunderstanding of the resistance situation in the United States. Of particular import is with regard to the authors of the paper reversing the poultry and human resistance data found in Figure 2, which displays the overall antimicrobial resistance data and is a central element of the article. The authors correctly state it in the text, but the figure is incorrect. Additionally, there appeared to be an accidental omission of a reference to a published article which shows a strong association between quinolone-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis infections in humans and international travel (O'Donnell et al., 2014) This appears to be a critical oversight given that the intention of the study was to analyze the NARMS data to help understand the dynamics of Salmonella transmission. The authors of the published article were notified of this communication by the Editor of FPD and were provided an opportunity to respond, which they quickly did. The corresponding author, Dr. Min Yue, agreed that after he and his team reanalyzed the data, there were indeed errors in the published paper and supplied revised versions of Figure 2 and supplemental Figure 3, as well as providing a significantly revised version of the manuscript, based upon the criticisms levied against the published paper. After giving the revised manuscript and figures very careful consideration, and after significant probing of his own, the Editor of FPD determined that the significantly revised manuscript, coupled with the multiple errors presented in the figures, is simply far too weighty for a correction statement to be issued, and determined a full retraction of the published article was warranted. It is important to note that there is no indication whatsoever that the errors or miscalculations were intentional, and that Dr. Yue and his team quickly and honestly replied to the concerns raised about their work. However, in the interest of upholding the proper protocols of peer review, and in accurate and truthful reporting in the scientific literature, the Editor of Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases is issuing this full and formal retraction of the article.

Erratum.

British Journal of HaematologyVolume 180, Issue 2 p. 309-309 ErratumFree Access Erratum This article corrects the following: Results of a multicentre UK-wide retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in relapsed, refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in the transplant naive setting Toby A. Eyre, Elizabeth H. Phillips, Kim M. Linton, Arvind Arumainathan, Shireen Kassam, Adam Gibb, Suzanne Allibone, John Radford, Karl Peggs, Cathy Burton, Gillian Stewart, Rifca LeDieu, Catherine Booth, Wendy L. Osborne, Fiona Miall, David W. Eyre, Kirit M. Ardeshna, Graham P. Collins, Volume 179Issue 3British Journal of Haematology pages: 471-479 First Published online: August 31, 2017 First published: 12 January 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15103AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL The main author and co-authors of Eyre et al (2017) wish to recognise Dr Arumainathan as an additional co-author. He provided substantial clinical data to the project and without his input the data collection would have been considerably less valuable. The main author of this article apologises for this incorrect and accidental omission and recognises the value of Dr Arumainathan's input and his value as a co-author. The original published online article has been corrected. Arvind Arumainathan, Department of Haematology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool has been added to the authorship; and the subsequent authors’ affiliations were re-numbered. Reference Eyre, T.A., Phillips, E.H., Linton, K.M., Arumainathan, A., Kassam, S., Gibb, A., Allibone, S., Radford, J., Peggs, K., Burton, C., Stewart, G., LeDieu, R., Booth, C., Osborne, W.L., Miall, F., Eyre, D.W., Ardeshna, K.M. & Collins, G.P. (2017) Results of a multicentre UK-wide retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in relapsed, refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in the transplant naive setting. British Journal of Haematology, 179, 471– 479. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14898 Volume180, Issue2January 2018Pages 309-309 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Accidental omission of corresponding patent information and revocation in India

Accidental omission of corresponding patent information and revocation in India

Coping with copying

If somebody spends several decades in the world of scientific publishing as author, referee and editor, it is difficult to evade certain ethical issues. Researchers are fallible humans, after all, not free of vices like vanity, envy or jealousy. The range is wide from slightly tendentious selection among data to rudely falsified results, from distrait overlooking relevant results of concurrent groups, through cryptomnesia, ‘‘an unconscious plagiarism in which creative ideas expressed as new are actually unrecalled memories of another’s idea’’ (Garfield 1985, p. 407) to straight plagiarism. The definition of plagiarism enjoys a variety of ranges. In the Oxford dictionary, plagiarism is ‘‘the practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as one’s own’’. It clearly implies a voluntary act of cheating and dishonesty. For the Webster dictionary, plagiarism is ‘‘the act of using another person’s words or ideas without giving credit to that person’’. The difference between the two definitions is subtle but real: In Webster’s sentence, the interpretation may include an act of negligence or simply an accidental omission. Although not equally unethical, both circumstances are serious offences and constitute copyright infringements.

Extirpating the Dragon

In its translation of Second Isaiah’s Ode to Yahweh’s Arm (Isa 51:9–11), LXX Isaiah lacks the Book of Isaiah’s most explicit reference to primordial divine combat – “Was it not you who hewed Rahab to pieces, who pierced the dragon?” (Isa 51:9b). This article suggests that this minus should not simply be attributed to the demythologizing tendency of the translator – many other “mythological” features are retained – or to an accidental omission. Rather, it should be understood within the larger literary context of the pericope and the translation as a whole. The representations of creation in LXX Isaiah consistently reflect the linguistic and conceptual influence of LXX Genesis. Thus, it is argued that the translation’s reinterpretation of divine combat results in a view of creation more in harmony with Genesis.

Extirpating the Dragon

In its translation of Second Isaiah’s Ode to Yahweh’s Arm (Isa 51:9–11), LXX Isaiah lacks the Book of Isaiah’s most explicit reference to primordial divine combat – “Was it not you who hewed Rahab to pieces, who pierced the dragon?” (Isa 51:9b). This article suggests that this minus should not simply be attributed to the demythologizing tendency of the translator – many other “mythological” features are retained – or to an accidental omission. Rather, it should be understood within the larger literary context of the pericope and the translation as a whole. The representations of creation in LXX Isaiah consistently reflect the linguistic and conceptual influence of LXX Genesis. Thus, it is argued that the translation’s reinterpretation of divine combat results in a view of creation more in harmony with Genesis.

The Quaestors and The IUS Intercedendi in The Flavian Municipal Law

It is widely accepted that the former emendation of chapter 27 of the lex Salpensana concerning the intercessio of the quaestors is superfluous in the light of the same chapter of the lex Irnitana. But the explanations of the commentaries about this lack are wrong and the text itself shows that the quaestors originally had the ius intercedendi. Additionally, its accidental omission in all three copies can be easily explained. Therefore, the emendation is correct.

Expression of kyphosis in young pigs is induced by a reduction of supplemental vitamin D in maternal diets and vitamin D, Ca, and P concentrations in nursery diets1, 2

Kyphosis is an idiopathic disease characterized by abnormal, outward spinal curvature. A spontaneous outbreak and subsidence of kyphosis over a 4-mo period in the University of Wisconsin Swine Research and Teaching Center herd coincided with an accidental omission of vitamin D(3) in 1 of 2 premixes used in sow diets. This controlled experiment was conducted to determine whether vitamin D deletion from premixes used in sow diets would induce kyphosis in their offspring. Crossbred (Landrace × Large White), multiparous sows (n = 8) were fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with either 325 IU vitamin D(3)/kg (+D) or 45 IU vitamin D(3)/kg (-D) diet from breeding through lactation. The vitamin D concentrations duplicated formulations of diets fed during the earlier spontaneous outbreak. At weaning (approximately 4 wk), pigs were fed diets devoid of supplemental vitamin D and formulated to supply either 120% of the Ca and P requirements (HCaP) or 80% of the Ca and P requirements (LCaP) until wk 9. At wk 9, all pigs were fed the HCaP diet until wk 13. No evidence of kyphosis was observed in pigs at weaning. Pigs produced by -D sows and fed LCaP diets exhibited a 17% incidence (4/23 pigs) of kyphosis at wk 9. At wk 13, the incidence of kyphosis had increased to 32% (6/19 pigs). Unexpectedly at wk 13, pigs produced by +D sows and fed LCaP diets exhibited a 26% incidence (5/19 pigs) of kyphosis. None of the pigs fed HCaP diets from wk 4 to 13 displayed kyphosis, regardless of maternal diets. Evidence of kyphosis was detected at a younger age if pigs were produced by sows fed -D diets. Whole body and femur bone mineral content determined with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs fed LCaP vs. HCaP diets, but pigs produced by -D sows were more severely affected. Femur bending moments were reduced (P < 0.05) at wk 9 and 13 in pigs fed LCaP vs. HCaP diets. At wk 13, pigs produced by -D sows and fed LCaP diets had reduced (P < 0.05) bone mineral density and femur yield bending moment compared with pigs from +D sows fed LCaP diets. In conclusion, the 20 to 30% incidence of kyphosis induced by altering vitamin D, Ca, and P concentrations in maternal and nursery diets mimics the incidence observed in spontaneous outbreaks in afflicted herds. A reproducible vitamin D-induced kyphosis in young pigs offers a suitable model to study skeletal tissue characteristics, fetal skeletal tissue development, and potential treatments for pigs and human patients afflicted by this disease.