Accessory Lung Lobe Research Articles

Systemic Conidiobolus Incongruus Infection and Hypertrophic Osteopathy in a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Postmortem examination of a free-range white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) revealed severe emaciation, bilateral firm proliferation of the metatarsal diaphyses, and a large intrathoracic mass associated with the accessory lung lobe. Smaller masses were evident in the abomasum, duodenum, omentum, and the capsular surface of the liver. Microscopically, the masses were similar and were diagnosed as eosinophilic granulomas with intralesional fungal hyphae characteristic of Zygomycetes spp. Fungal hyphae were identified as Conidiobolus incongruus by 18S ribosomal RNA sequencing on fresh lung tissue. Furthermore, the proliferative lesions of the metatarsal bones along with the intrathoracic mass were compatible with hypertrophic osteopathy.

Chronic peritoneal effusion secondary to partial caudal vena cava obstruction following traumatic pneumothorax in a dog

A three-year old, female Boxer Dog was treated initially with thoracocentesis for a right-sided pneumothorax. The dog was re-evaluated after three weeks because of an enlargement of the abdomen. A positive venogram revealed a ventral displacement of the caudal vena cava between the diaphragm and the heart, with a severe reduction of the diameter of the vein. An exploratory thoracotomy showed a displaced accessory lung lobe with an adhesion to the parietal pleura. Inflation of this lung lobe created a dynamic obstruction of the caudal vena cava, which resulted in ascites. Surgery offered successful treatment.

The Clinical Usefulness of the Ventrodorsal Versus Dorsoventral Thoracic Radiograph in Dogs

Differences exist in the ventrodorsal (VD) and dorsoventral (DV) radiographic views of the canine thorax. One view may be preferred over another because of how it portrays different areas of interest or different disease conditions. The VD view is indicated for evaluation of the cranial and caudal mediastinum, the caudal vena cava, and the accessory lung lobe, and in cases of pleural effusion. Indications for the DV view include assessment of a consistent cardiac silhouette, evaluation of the pulmonary lobar vessels, and evaluation of the structures of the dorsal thorax, such as hilar lymph nodes, the caudal dorsal lungs, trachea, mainstem bronchi, and left atrium.

Accessory lung lobe involvement in a dog with pneumonia

Companion AnimalVolume 11, Issue 4 p. 70-73 Accessory lung lobe involvement in a dog with pneumonia Mike Stafford Johnson MVB CertSAM MACVS DVC MRCVS, Mike Stafford Johnson MVB CertSAM MACVS DVC MRCVS MARTIN REFERRAL SERVICES, THERA HOUSE, 43 WAVERLEY ROAD, KENILWORTH, WARWICKSHIRE. CV8 1JLSearch for more papers by this author Mike Stafford Johnson MVB CertSAM MACVS DVC MRCVS, Mike Stafford Johnson MVB CertSAM MACVS DVC MRCVS MARTIN REFERRAL SERVICES, THERA HOUSE, 43 WAVERLEY ROAD, KENILWORTH, WARWICKSHIRE. CV8 1JLSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3862.2006.tb00050.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume11, Issue4May 2006Pages 70-73 RelatedInformation

The Canine Right Caudal and Accessory Lobe Pulmonary Veins: Revised Anatomical Description, Clinical Relevance, and Embryological Implications

Necropsy dissections were performed on nine dogs to provide an anatomical description of the right caudal and accessory lobe pulmonary veins. In all dogs, the pulmonary vein from the right caudal lung lobe initially paralleled the right caudal lung lobe bronchus, running cranially, medially, and ventrally. It diverged from the bronchus at the level of the pulmonary artery and bronchus of the accessory lung lobe. At this point, the pulmonary vein from the right caudal lung lobe coursed dorsal to the pulmonary artery and bronchus of the accessory lung lobe. Medial to the bronchus of the accessory lung lobe, it received the pulmonary vein from the accessory lung lobe on its ventral surface. Within the pericardium, this common venous trunk merged with the caudal aspect of the left atrium either with or immediately adjacent to the left caudal lobe pulmonary vein. These findings were corroborated during surgical dissection to achieve isolation of the heart in five dogs as part of an experimental study on intravascular gene delivery to the heart. These anatomical findings are relevant to clinical and experimental surgery and raise interesting questions about the embryological development of pulmonary veins in the dog.

Lung and nasal lesions caused by a swine chlamydial isolate in gnotobiotic pigs.

The objective of this study was to determine whether a chlamydial isolate recovered from nasal swabs from swine with pneumonia could cause pneumonia and rhinitis in gnotobiotic pigs. The identity of the isolate currently is unknown, but it shares characteristics with Chlamydia trachomatis. After propagation in Vero cells and preparation of the inoculum (2.5 x 10(10) inclusion-forming units/ml), chlamydiae were instilled into nostrils (1.0 ml/nostril) and lungs (2.0 ml intralaryngeally) of 15 anesthetized 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. Five age-matched gnotobiotic piglets were anesthetized and sham infected with uninfected cell culture lysates. Two treated piglets were moribund and 2 were severely dyspneic prior to necropsy 7 days postinfection (DPI), whereas remaining treated piglets showed mild dyspnea upon exertion throughout the study. All treated piglets developed diarrhea. All treated piglets necropsied 7-21 DPI had extensive consolidation in cranial, middle, and accessory lung lobes; a majority of these piglets also had extensive consolidation in the caudal lobes. Treated piglets necropsied 28 and 35 DPI had a lobular pattern of consolidation in all lung lobes. Histologically, lesions in lungs from treated piglets necropsied 7, 14, and 21 DPI were characterized by bronchointerstitial pneumonia with foci of type II pneumocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia; pneumocytes and bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells were markedly vacuolated. Alveolar macrophages, peribronchitis, peribronchiolitis, and perivasculitis were seen in lungs from treated piglets necropsied 28 and 35 DPI; those necropsied 28 DPI also had foci of lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic infiltrates. Turbinate lesions in all treated piglets were characterized by mild multifocal lymphoplasmacytic and occasionally neutrophilic rhinitis. Immunohistochemistry detected chlamydial antigen in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, pneumocytes, and inflammatory cells in treated piglets necropsied 7, 14, and 21 DPI. Positive staining was limited to alveolar macrophages in treated piglets necropsied 28 and 35 DPI. Chlamydial antigen was detected in turbinate epithelial cells at all necropsy intervals. Ultrastructurally, chlamydiae were seen with glycogen particles in vacuoles or free in the cytoplasm of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells and pneumocytes. The results indicated that the chlamydial isolate used in this study is a pathogen in gnotobiotic pigs.

Lipoid pneumonia in a rough collie dog

ABSTRACTThe incidence of lipoid pneumonia in dogs is not known and confirmed cases do not appear to have been reported. Three forms of lipoid pneumonia are recognised in mammalian species; exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP), endogenous lipoid pneumonia (EnLP), and post‐obstructive endogenous lipoid pneumonia (PEnLP). All forms share similar microscopic characteristics of fat accumulation in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and are otherwise clinically indistinct from other forms of pneumonia. A case of lipoid pneumonia in a seven‐year‐old rough collie dog which was presented with recurrent bronchopneumonia over several months is reported here. Diagnosis was made from biopsy of resected lung tissue and from detection of fat‐containing vacuoles in macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. ELP could not be differentiated from PEnLP in this dog, but a complete recovery followed removal of the affected right accessory and caudal lung lobes.

Omen Texts concerning Lesser Known Parts of the Lungs

ASSYRIOLOGISTS have had more success in identifying the major parts of the liver of the sheep than in identifying those of its lungs. To be sure, one is still puzzled by markings on the liver such as mehis pan ummdn nakri (defeat of the vanguard of the enemy army), nTdi kussi (base of the throne), tarbas amiiti (cattlefold of the liver), and the like. Nevertheless, its major parts, such as the gall bladder (martu), the caudate lobe (ubdnu), the umbilical fissure (bdb ekallim), etc., are clearly discernible on the liver models.' This is not the case with the lungs. Of its major lobes, for example, only the uban hanf qablitu can, with any measure of certainty, be identified with the accessory lobe of the (right) lung.2 Other than that, the identification of all other major parts of the lungs remains a subject for speculation. An attempt to identify the major lobes, for example, was made by Mary Hussey.3 Her conclusions must, however, remain nothing more than tenuous.4 For the present, we must continue to refer to the parts of the lungs by their conventional names, such as the donkey of

METRIZAMIDE INSUFFLATION BRONCHOGRAPHY: A NEWDIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

The search for a better and safer technique for roentgenographic opacification of the canine bronchial tree led to experimentation with metrizamide insufflation. Because metrizamide may be obtained in a microparticulate powdered form, it was postulated that oxygen pressure deliver through a powder blower connected to a selective bronchial catheter would produce a diagnostic quality bronchogram. Metrizamide was used because of its biologically inert, water soluble properties.The delivery system consisted of a DeVilbiss No. 175 Powder Blower attached to an oxygen clinder with pressure regulator. A soft polyethylene catheter with flexible wire guide was used for selective bronchial catheterization under fluoroscopic control. Oxygen pressure for delivery was kept below 20 pounds/in2, and oxygen flow was controlled by a footswitch.Insufflation was performed with the animal in ventrodorsal recumbency. Three to eight grams of metrizamide were selectively delivered to the left caudal, right caudal, and accessory lung lobes in 0.5‐to 1.0 second bursts over a period of 1–5 minutes.Powder deposition in subsegmental bronchi was adequate when the insufflation catheter was placed in primary bronchi. Cranial lobe bronchi could be opacified by gravity directed flow of contrast medium‐laden bronchial mucous. Alveolarization and radiographic clearing of me‐trizamide from the pulmonary field occurred within 30 to 60 minutes.No insufflation‐induced radiographic lesions were recognized. Gross necropsy did not reveal lesions associated with insufflation. Histopathologic examination showed mild multifocal lesions of pneumonitis.

THE EFFECT OF DORSAL VERSUS VENTRAL RECUMBENCY ON THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE CANINE THORAX

The thorax of nine dogs was radiographed with a vertical beam in both dorsal (VD) and ventral (DV) recumbency. The radiographs were evaluated subjectively and objectively for differences in appearance. To help explain appearance differences, lateral thoracic radiographs were made with the dogs in dorsal and ventral recumbency using a horizontally (laterally) directed x‐ray beam. The appearance of thoracic viscera in VD and DV vertical beam radiographs differed. In VD vertical beam radiographs the craniocaudal axis of the heart appeared longer, the heart had a more consistent positional relationship to the thoracic spine, a larger area of the accessory lung lobe was visible, and a greater length of the caudal vena cava was visible. In DV radiographs the caudal lobar pulmonary arteries were more easily identified. The selection of dorsal versus ventral recumbency for thoracic radiography should be based on the clinical status of the patient and the reason(s) for which the radiograph is being made.

An accessory lobe of lung in a newborn : Zoltan Klein. Pediatrics 45:118–122 (January), 1970

An accessory lobe of lung in a newborn : Zoltan Klein. Pediatrics 45:118–122 (January), 1970

An Accessory Lobe of Lung in a Newborn

A lower accessory lobe is an extremely uncommon anomaly, which probably arises during embryonic life by separation of a part of the primitive pulmonary anlage from the remainder of the lung. However, this unusual cause of respiratory distress in the infant should be considered in differential diagnosis; if present, as in the case reported, it should be treated by surgical removal. [See pdf for the Figure]