People Access Research Articles

The Effect of Educational Videos Depicting The Impact of Smoking on Young Adults Smokers: A Qualitative Study.

The morbidity caused by smoking is increasing. Meanwhile, very few people access smoking cessation counseling in primary health care. Therefore, more massive and innovative efforts to increase motivation to quit smoking are needed. This research aims to explore smokers' perceptions of three types of videos that describe the impact of smoking. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Ethical clearance was obtained, and fourteen young adults who smoked were recruited by purposive sampling. Before the interview, participants watched five videos with the following categories: 1) the health impact of active smoking, 2) the health impact of passive smoking, and 3) the burden on the family of smokers getting smoking-related diseases. Data analysis was conducted using inductive content analysis. Five themes describe smokers' perceptions of videos depicting the effects of smoking: a) The video is interesting and can help imagine real condition visualization of the impact of smoking; b) The video deeply resonates with smokers; c) The health impact of the passive smoker and family video is more impactful than the health impact of active smoking video; d) The health impact of active smoking videos make smokers aware of smoking on themselves; e) These videos can increase motivation to quit smoking. This research can be a recommendation in health education and smoking cessation counseling using videos that describe the health impact of smoking, especially with an approach that highlights the effects on passive smokers and families.

ESTUDOS SOBRE DESIGUALDADES EDUCACIONAIS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE ALGUNS ESTUDOS DE DESIGUALDADES NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NO BRASIL

This article presents an analysis of selected studies on educational inequalities in Basic Education in Brazil, addressing the main dimensions of these inequalities, such as socioeconomic, regional, racial, gender factors, and access for people with disabilities. Through a literature review of renowned authors, this work discusses the causes and consequences of educational inequalities and suggests possible solutions to promote more equitable and inclusive education. Socioeconomic inequality is identified as a significant factor, affecting school performance and dropout rates among low-income students. Regional inequalities are also highlighted, emphasizing the disparities between the North and Northeast regions and the more developed Southeast and South regions. Racial analysis reveals ongoing discrimination that hinders black and indigenous students, while gender inequalities, though less pronounced in terms of access, still affect girls' educational and professional choices. Additionally, the inclusion of students with disabilities remains a challenge due to the lack of adequate infrastructure and specific teacher training. The exacerbated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is addressed, highlighting the digital divide and the need for effective public policies. Programs such as Bolsa Família and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) are cited as positive measures, although insufficient without equitable resource allocation. The analysis concludes that a multifaceted and inclusive approach is essential to address the various forms of inequality in Basic Education in Brazil, aiming to ensure that all students have access to quality education, regardless of their socioeconomic, regional, racial, gender, or disability status.

The divide between us: internet access among people with and without disabilities in the post-pandemic era

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of internet access across various aspects of life, from remote work and online education to healthcare services and social connections. As we transition to a post-pandemic era, a pressing need arises to update our understanding of the multifaceted nature of internet access. This study is one of the first attempts to do so. Using survey data from New Zealand adult internet users (n = 960), it compares internet connection types, frequency of internet use at home, social media use, and concerns about online risk between people with and without disabilities. Results show people with disabilities have restricted fibre access and higher wireless broadband (a much slower connection type). People with disabilities use social media platforms less and are more concerned about certain online risks. The findings highlight persistent disparities in internet access for people with disabilities in the post-pandemic era. Implications of the study are discussed.

APLIKASI PENERJEMAH BAHASA ISYARAT BISINDO MENGGUNAKAN METODE YOLOv5 BERBASIS MOBILE

This research aims to develop a mobile application that is able to recognize and translate BISINDO in real-time using the YOLOv5 method. YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once version 5) is an efficient and fast object detection algorithm, making it suitable for implementation on mobile devices. In developing this application, we collected and labeled a typical BISINDO dataset, then trained the YOLOv5 model to detect and recognize these characteristics. The test results show that the implemented model has high accuracy in recognizing various BISINDO characteristics. Apart from that, this application is also designed with an intuitive and easy-to-use user interface, so that users can quickly and easily communicate with people using sign language. With this application, it is hoped that it can expand communication access for people with hearing impaired and increase their social inclusion in society. Further research is needed to continue improving the app's accuracy and efficiency and adding more features that support different user needs.

Quality Of Care In Parkinson's Disease: Lessons From A National Audit

Abstract Background It is recommended that people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are treated within specialised services. As part of a research project mapping and evaluating PD services nationally, the first audit of PD services in the Republic of Ireland was conducted. Methods A de novo audit tool was developed by an expert group, based on a rigorous review of existing international standards, guidelines and audit tools, with extensive stakeholder input (including people with PD). All 14 specialist PD services in the Republic of Ireland were eligible; up to 30 case-notes were randomly selected per service in 2022/2023, looking at the most recent 2 visits (new patient) or 3 visits (established patient). Results In total, 261 case-notes were included, from 11 specialist PD services, led by a geriatrician (n=5) or neurologist (n=6). Overall, 16.8% of patients were seen less often than annually. Motor and mobility assessments were well performed (>75%); but cognition (70%) and pain assessments (64%), saliva management (50%), and bone density determination (18%) were inadequate. Access to PD nurses (65%), physiotherapy (69%), speech and language therapy (53%), and occupational therapy (50%) was inadequate; PD nurses were mainly in Dublin. However, specialist nurse and MDT access was better than reported by people attending generic services for PD care (1). Providing written information following diagnosis (24%), and communication with the carer were infrequently documented (financial support discussion: 12%; availability of support locally: 26%). Gerontology-led services more often screened for malnutrition (99% v 78%) or orthostatic hypotension (94% v 52%). Conclusion PD care relating to assessment, multidisciplinary involvement, and information sharing was sub-optimal in some areas, with the caveat that documentation may not reflect actual practice. Reference 1. O’Shea E, et al. Experiences of Health Service Access and Use for People Living with Parkinson’s Disease in Ireland: A National Survey. Health & Social Care in the Community. 2023 Aug 9;2023.

How Does Social Media Influence Tourist Behavior? A Conceptual Framework for Exploration

Purpose of the study: In the era of digitalization, the introduction of social media platforms has fundamentally changed how people access and exchange information, significantly impacting various societal spheres, including the travel and tourism industry. This study presents a conceptual framework of existing literature to examine the relationship between social media and its influence on travel behaviors in choosing tourist destinations. Methodology: An evaluation of recently published research papers, articles, and publications on social media and its influence on travel behaviors was conducted. Main Findings: Visitors may find it challenging to sort through possibilities due to information overload and decision fatigue caused by the abundance of data. However, when it comes to information exposure, perception creation, and decision-making during the pre-trip preparation stage, social media is an essential source of travel-related information. Applications of the study: This study highlights the multifaceted ways social media impacts travelers' decision-making processes, leading to a paradigm shift in how tourist destinations are chosen. Novelty/Originality of the study: This study encompasses review of more than 50 sources that inludes, research papers, blogs, websites, newspaper articles, magazines topresent a comprehensive view on the said title.

Museums’ perspectives and actions regarding children with autism spectrum disorder participation and access

ABSTRACT This study aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in museum strategies and practices, as well as an assessment of how well they meet the requirements of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this context, the researchers conducted a quantitative survey using questionnaires in Attica's museums. According to the research's main findings, many museum employees lack formal knowledge or training related to ASD. Nevertheless, they are firmly in favor of such training. Attica museums lack programs or activities specifically designed for individuals with autism. Few museums in Attica have the resources and infrastructure needed to be deemed accessible to those with ASD; however, they emphasized that they are very affirmative about changes. The utmost obstacles to accessibility and inclusivity for people with ASD, according to the research, are inadequate planning, a lack of infrastructure and finance, and a lack of trained staff.

Indigenous Voices in the Knowledge Production

In Brazil, in recent years, we have observed an increase in the access of indigenous people in Higher Education and Postgraduate Studies. They demand recognition as producers of scientific knowledge, overcoming the colonial paradigms that objectify them in the production of knowledge. However, in the case of Public Health, persists a very low visibility of indigenous participation in academia. This experience report presents the project “Indigenous Voices in the Production of Knowledge”, carried out through a partnership between a collective of indigenous researchers from different regions of the country and researchers from “Academic Institution”. A network of 20 indigenous researchers was organized, who met in 2019 and highlighted the need to “give recognition to indigenous knowledge” as a scientific expression; the difficulties of mastering the Portuguese language; the collective character of indigenous authorship and the need to make indigenous identities visible in authorship in scientific productions. An Indigenous Editorial Board was formed and prepared a public call for indigenous authors, which resulted in an open access publication with 21 texts. The editorial process sought to qualify the editorial board in the editorial production process; indigenous researchers carried out the peer review of the submitted texts; and virtual meetings were held with the authors to discuss the opinions. In addition to a quality academic production by indigenous authors, the project strengthened the network of indigenous researchers in collective health area, involving them in other events and initiatives, and triggered institutional changes at “Academic Institution”.

Dynamic Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance and Financial Market Development on Forests and Timber in China: Economic and Social Perspective

This study investigates how digital inclusive finance, financial development, and technology influenced forest and timber outputs across 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021. The findings, derived from panel quantile regression analysis, indicate that digital inclusive finance significantly enhances forest economic output, particularly in regions with lower economic activity, by improving access to critical financial resources such as credit and investment. However, the positive effects diminish at higher levels of economic activity, suggesting potential diminishing returns. Through the marketization of credit distribution and diverse financial instruments, financial development is essential for promoting sustainable forestry practices and adopting new technologies. Based on the findings, the study suggests expanding digital financial services in areas with low forest activity to help people access credit and investments, boosting forest productivity. It also recommends improving financial markets and investing in new forestry technologies to support better forest management and timber production.

Zagregowane wskaźniki w ocenie jakości wybranych serwisów geoinformacyjnych

Map portals can facilitate the work of public administration units and improve access to information, although they have to present high material and technical quality. Not without significance are also measures supporting these websites. This paper aims to assess the quality of selected geoinformation websites. The study was carried out in the form of a quality audit with the use of selected web applications provided in a freeware, thin-client model. A comparative analysis was performed on three versions of the geoservice functioning for the Tomice municipality (accessed on 5th July 2023): 1) eMPZP website (https://www.tomice.pl/mpzp/), 2) municipal geoportal (http://www.mpzp.tomice.pl), and 3) municipal map portal (https://sip.gison.pl/tomice). The measurements were taken only once and in an ad hoc manner. The tests were performed in selected quality dimensions: responsiveness, performance, content and hyperlink quality, accessibility for people with disabilities, syntactic code correctness, search engine optimisation (SEO), and usage indicators, with special emphasis on overall quality. The conclusion was that each of the geoportals evaluated presents good quality. However, it would be wrong to compare them in absolute terms, as the quality of these services should be assessed through the lens of the different times in which they operate.

New Chaotic Reality: Creative Writing Workshops for Long COVID Patients.

In a widely cited 2017 study, Robinson et al. (2017) found that 'emotionally expressive' writing makes physical wounds heal faster when compared to writing that did not engage the emotions. The Writing Long COVID project at Aberystwyth University engaged similar territory in a recent pilot study. Participants' writing activities explored how literary production can affect a person's experience of this new chronic condition, as well as contribute to our understanding of its symptoms. In this short essay, I show how we designed a course of short-duration online workshops that increased accessibility for people with Long COVID-related fatigue. I also argue that future Long COVID creative activities should let their timing, venue, content, and structure be influenced by the preferences of the Long COVID patient. The preliminary study suggests that the traditional parameters of the writing workshop, including its duration, could deter participation in potentially beneficial creative activities.

Peran Media Sosial dalam Mengedukasi Masyarakat Tentang Zakat: Studi Kasus Basnaz SUMUT

This research aims to investigate the role of social media in educating and disseminating information to the public about zakat, by taking the North Sumatra National Zakat Amil Agency (BASNAZ) case study. As the institution responsible for collecting and distributing zakat in the region, BASNAZ has an important role in increasing public awareness and understanding of zakat. Social media has become an important communication channel for BASNAZ to reach a wider audience and strengthen community participation in zakat activities. This research method involves a qualitative approach, by collecting data through interviews with North Sumatra BASNAZ management, observation of their social media content, and analysis of related documents. The data was then analyzed thematically to identify the strategies and best practices used by BASNAZ in using social media for educational purposes about zakat. The research results show that social media has become an effective instrument for BASNAZ North Sumatra in educating the public about zakat. Through platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, BASNAZ can convey relevant information about zakat obligations, lessons learned, as well as how to manage and distribute zakat in a way that is easy for the public to understand. In addition, the two-way interaction between BASNAZ and social media users allows for a deeper dialogue on zakat-related issues. However, challenges also arise, including problems with the authenticity of information, limited accessibility for people who do not have internet access, and competition with other content on social media. Therefore, this research also identifies several recommendations to increase the effectiveness of the use of social media in educating the public about zakat, including increasing collaboration with local influencers, developing engaging content, and increasing the use of text-based platforms to reach underserved communities online. The findings of this research have practical implications for BASNAZ and similar organizations in improving their communication strategies through social media, as well as for researchers and practitioners in the fields of marketing communications and zakat education. Apart from that, this research also contributes to the understanding of the role of social media in supporting philanthropic and charitable activities in the digital era.

Is the Food Insecurity Experiences Scale (FIES) A Valid Tool for Assessing Food Insecurity in Sudan?

Food insecurity is a widespread issue globally, and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) developed the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) to measure different levels of food insecurity severity. The FIES includes eight questions that assess people's access to sufficient and quality food. This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of using the FIES as a measurement tool for food insecurity and to provide guidance for policymakers to address hunger and ensure food security in Sudan. A sample of 330 households from the White Nile State in Sudan was chosen to complete the FIES questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, Alpha Cronbach’s, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The FIES results indicate that approximately 33.6% of households are moderately affected by food insecurity, while 37.9% experience severe food insecurity. The Alpha Cronbach’s coefficient confirms that the FIES questions display acceptable internal consistency. Moreover, the EFA results reveal two main components that account for about 60.7% of the total variance in the FIES questions. Consequently, this study recommends the FIES as a reliable and valid tool for assessing food insecurity in Sudan

The Evolution of Illiberalism: Necropolitical Economies and a Democratic Antidote

ABSTRACT: Illiberal regimes exhibit a political economy in which people's continued access to welfare protections depends on loyalty to incumbent politicians. Their politicians' invocation of xenophobic tropes suggests a clear boundary between loyal lives that matter to the regime and those that do not, yet some illiberal regimes have come to promote a materialist necropolitics, devaluing human life not only outside the imagined boundaries of the demos, but also within it. By adopting approaches that explicitly recognize the value of individual human life, democracies can successfully hold on to societal buy-in to democratic forms of government even amid the spread of illiberalism.

P046 FIRST-LINE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION WITH SINGLE PILL COMBINATIONS: A SIMPLE STRATEGY TO SAVE COSTS FOR THE PATIENT AND GOVERNMENT

Background: Single pill combinations (SPCs) of blood pressure (BP) lowering medicines contribute to improved BP control by reducing treatment inertia and improving medication adherence. But high out-of-pocket payments reduce adherence. We compared the costs for SPCs and free-drug combinations for the patient and government in Australia. Methods: We reviewed the “Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme item drug map” to identify all BP lowering SPCs, their free-drug combinations, and their costs in March 2024. We reviewed costs before and after reaching the “Safety Net” – a threshold where people access medicines at lower rates, differing for general patients and Concession Card holders (typically pensioners or low paid workers). We also calculated the total cost per mmHg systolic BP (SBP) reduction based on a mean reduction of 9, 16 and 23 mmHg for treatment with one, two or three drugs at standard dose. The main outcome measures were the total costs for patients and the government in Australian Dollars. Results: For patients, SPCs always cost less than free drugs with the greatest savings for general patients before reaching the safety net, averaging 30%. For the government SPCs cost less than free drugs for Concession Card holders both before (11%) and after reaching the safety net (26%) and in general patients after the safety net (11%). There was a slight increase in costs (16%) for the government for patients before reaching the safety net. The mean cost per mmHg SBP reduction was 27% lower in SPCs compared to free drugs. Dual SPCs cost little more than monotherapy but provide a much lower cost per mmHg SBP reduction. Conclusion: In Australia, SPCs, instead of free-drug combinations, result in cost savings, for both patient and government. These are the direct costs, and do not factor in the expected benefits from improved adherence and BP control. The large cost savings of SPCs should be considered when prescribing multiple separate pills or starting treatment.

Accessibility to Urban Parks by disablers: A Case Study on a Main Park in Erbil

Quite a large number of Iraqi – Iran war victims as well as casualties of Kurdish revolution since 1961 now making a noticeable ratio of the disablers population in Kurdistan of Iraq. In fact, recent uprising also did contribute in raising the number of the injured and handicaps within Kurdish community. Actually, all these people almost got no easy way for participating in entertainment within this park, or any similar parks in Erbil (Hawler). All these are because of lack of suitable road and even special gates within such parks. In fact, even babies and nurseries are in need to such gate and ways that is absent so far. A review of the actual design and pointing out the stages of establishing points in this respect will be the goal of the present study for such and other parks in the region in order to reduce the existing gaps in designing, planning and in constitution of any parks. Present study is concentrating on the effect on disablers, the psychological and physical effects on crippled individuals, and the effects on disability institutions. Sami Abdulrahman Park is one of Erbil's largest parks, present study's primary goal is to build a system that addresses issues with disabled people's access to these parks. According to studies, the existence of inaccessibility is routed, and cities are referred to eliminate it; design measures with interior locations are then used to suggest presenting options. Using sketches, photos, and interviews, researchers record the park's landscape design sites—entrances, streets, pedestrian crossings, parking lots, ramps, urban furniture, etc.

서핑에 대한 사회적 인식 연구: 소셜미디어 분석을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for revitalizing surfing through analysis of social awareness of surfing. This study collected data using Textome and conducted analysis using Textome, UCINET 6, and Netdraw. As a result of the study, Yangyang-gun was at the center of the expansion of the surfing base, and the main issues were formed into four groups: overseas surfing experience, Yangyang surfing experience, surfing experience in areas other than Yangyang, and surfing lesson experience. Through the results of this study, first, it was confirmed that Yangyang is a famous surfing spot, and second, Yangyang-gun needs to maintain a bottom-up regional development paradigm in order to continue its reputation as a surfing spot. Third, local governments that use surfing as a tourism resource need to benchmark Yangyang-gun and develop new tourism products that take regional characteristics into account. Fourth, it is necessary to prepare measures to improve accessibility in areas with low accessibility for young people, who are the main participants in surfing.

Care-experienced young people’s views and experiences of accessing general practice and dental services and attending health reviews in England: a qualitative study

BackgroundChildren in care and care leavers have worse health outcomes than their peers without care experience. This study addresses an evidence gap in exploring care-experienced young people’s views and experiences of accessing general practice and dental services and attending health reviews in England.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using podcasting as a creative medium. We recruited young people from two sites: one in South England (A) and one in greater London (B). We held two paired discussions in site A and two focus groups in site B, with 14 participants in total. Participants were aged between 13 and 22 years and were diverse in gender, ethnicity, and care experiences. Data were analysed thematically using candidacy theory as a theoretical framework.ResultsMental health was a prevailing concern for participants, but general practice was not considered a place to discuss it. Most participants reported distant relationships with primary healthcare professionals and considered opening-up to a professional to be risky, for example, it could result in an unknown/unwanted outcome. A lack of time and personal connection in appointments, and experiences of feeling judged, dismissed, or misunderstood, hindered young people’s ability to disclose mental health or relationship concerns. Participants reported variation in the timeliness and location of services, with salient examples of extensive waiting periods for braces. Participants perceived annual health reviews to be largely inconsequential.ConclusionsAny primary care presentation by a care-experienced young person should trigger additional professional curiosity. To build rapport and trust, professionals should not underestimate the power of active listening, being reliable and honest, and small acts of thoughtfulness, for example, ensuring medical letters are provided promptly. Carers and other trusted professionals should help care-experienced young people to understand the role of primary care and support them with access. Health reviews may not be of value to all young people in care. Further research is needed to examine primary healthcare access for care-experienced young people with significant safeguarding and healthcare needs.

Complements or competitors? Equity implications of taxis and ride-hail use in Chicago

Taxis have provided on-demand mobility for decades, including to people earning the lowest incomes. However, studies reveal gaps in taxi service across many US cities due to factors such as fleet size limitations, information asymmetry, and discriminatory practices. Since 2010, the emergence of ride-hail services such as Uber and Lyft has revolutionized the transportation landscape, offering faster and more affordable alternatives to traditional taxis. Yet it remains unclear the extent to which ride-hail services may fill spatial-temporal gaps in taxi services or how car access shifted after the arrival of ride-hail services. Additionally, taxis may still play an important role in car access for people who rely on cash payments. This study uses longitudinal trip-level ride-hail and taxi data in Chicago, IL, to examine the shifting trip patterns across the two modes. We compared the spatial-temporal pattern of taxi and ride-hail trips, as well as the share of taxi trips paid for in cash across three periods; we then developed spatial regression models to investigate what factors relate to taxi cash payments. Results show that ride-hail services may, directly and indirectly, fill taxi service gaps. Additionally, population density, land use mix, and the proportion of people of color and zero-car households are positively related to the share of taxi trips paid in cash, while the number of ride-hail trips and banking density are negatively associated with the percentage of cash payments. Policymakers should consider the evolving interplay between taxi and ride-hail services and the significance of cash payments to ensure equitable access to transportation options for individuals without cars.

Dehumanizing air travel: a scoping review on accessibility and inclusion of people with disabilities in international airports.

Worldwide, one in six individuals live with a disability. Many people continue to experience disabling situations, particularly when travelling. Travel can be an important part of the lives of many people, including people with disabilities. Barriers to accessing air travel can lead to a reluctance to travel for these potential passengers. As early as the flight planning stage, options to facilitate accessibility are limited. At airports, passengers must travel long distances in areas where navigation is complex, and accessibility limited. Furthermore, few aircraft are accessible. The travel experience can have adverse effects on the health of people with disabilities. Practices are sometimes not inclusive, not always available, and may not address the full spectrum of possible needs. The objective of this study is to provide a state of art on accessibility features available to people with disabilities in the busiest international airports. A scoping review of practices in airport accessibility was done. A search strategy was deployed in 4 databases (Avery index to architectural periodicals, Medline, CINAHL, and Web of science). The official websites of the 35 busiest airports were exhaustively consulted. All information regarding accessibility measures and inclusive services were extracted. 31 scientific articles, out of 3,640 screened, and all extracted data from airports' website were considered for synthesis. While efforts are made in major airports, there is a great inconsistency in accessibility features. Both facilitators and challenges are encountered by people with disabilities at every stage of air travel. These stages include journey planning; getting to and from the airport, obtain human assistance, navigate in the premises, check in, security screening, using facilities, boarding and disembarking, customs and immigration procedures, and luggage management. Services need to be extensively planned, placing a significant burden on passengers. The disability-centric perspective disregard passengers' unique needs and capabilities, leading to a sense of dehumanization. The complexity of airport organizations, shared responsibilities, limited communication, training challenges can deter accessibility initiatives and create discomfort during travel. This study is the first step of a broader project supported by Canadian Accessibility Standards, focusing on enhancing inclusive accessibility in Canadian airports.