Web Page Access Research Articles

Statistical design for health monitoring in laboratory animal facilities using sentinel animals.

Regular health monitoring is crucial in laboratory animal facilities to determine the presence or absence of specific pathogens. One common approach to monitoring involves the use of sentinel animals, which are periodically exposed to biological material from the cages being monitored. At a certain point, some of these sentinel animals are tested for pathogens. This article discusses designing an effective sampling scheme to meet desired quality standards. It addresses questions such as the number of sentinel animals required, the frequency of sampling biological material, the selection of cages based on facility set-up, and the optimal frequency and quantity of sentinel animal tests. While existing design formulas are available for simple random sampling, no quantitative recommendation exists for using sentinel animals to the best of our knowledge. We propose a Monte Carlo simulation-based approach in this article to address this. Our algorithm has been implemented in a publicly accessible web page at http://nolan.cnb.csic.es/sentinelcagesmanager.

Accessibility of United States ophthalmology hospital webpages to people with visual disabilities

PurposeEnhancing the accessibility of ophthalmology webpages can help individuals with vision access needs obtain essential appointment information, educational resources, and available ophthalmic services. This study evaluated the accessibility of these webpages for patients with visual impairment and color vision deficiencies. DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study. MethodsIn February 2024, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0) were used to assess the accessibility of the web homepages of the top-ranked ophthalmology institutes in the United States using three evaluation tools: AChecker, ARC Toolkit, and WAVE. The webpages of the 38 top-ranked hospitals for ophthalmology in the 2023 US News & World Report were evaluated. ResultsAll assessed ophthalmology hospital and institute webpages had accessibility issues. The issues identified by each tool significantly impeded webpage navigation, with the mean number of issues as follows: AChecker (13.08, SD = 14.51), ARC Toolkit (16.21, SD = 17.68), and WAVE (6.47, SD = 7.14). The mean number of color contrast issues per website was 10.18 (SD = 15.84), present in 87 % (33/38) of the websites assessed. Most issues made information and interface components difficult to perceive (297/497, 59.76 %), and websites difficult to navigate or operate (145/497, 29.18 %). Common issues affecting people who are blind or have low vision and rely on screen readers included the absence of alternative text for images, hyperlinks without destination information, and missing instructions for user data input (e.g., search bars). ConclusionsOphthalmology webpages should be revised to comply with WCAG guidelines to improve accessibility for people with vision access needs. Addressing these issues can reduce information inequities for patients with visual disabilities and enhance their understanding of clinical processes, treatment, care plans, and available services such as transportation and online support groups.

Exploring the online landscape of interventional radiology: a global analysis of search trends

This study aimed to analyze the online presence of interventional radiology (IR), and its popularity over time and location, given the reported under-awareness of the specialty. The study analyzed search volumes, searcher demographics, and query type related to IR and its four most searched procedures using Google Trends, Demographics.io, and Also Asked. Search strategies were stratified by volume and region ("Worldwide" and "United States"), and the quality of current patient materials in the first 10 Google search results was analyzed using the DISCERN instrument and Flesch Kincaid levels. The analyzed search trends demonstrated a slow uptrend in search volume over the past 15 years since 2013, with a CAGR rate of 0.6%. Demographics revealed that 80.9% of searchers were female and over half (51.8%) fell into the age range of 35-54 years old. Geographically, the US had the highest search volume (100) for the term "interventional radiology" and website search results mainly related to patient education about the specialty. The quality of online resources was poor with overall college-level readability, and "What is Interventional Radiology?" was the most popular query. There is a growing interest in IR procedures in recent years, particularly in the US, with middle-aged females being the most active demographic online. However, online resources containing information on specific IR procedures remain of poor quality. Actions should be taken to improve the quality, accessibility, and awareness of IR-related webpages to increase public knowledge of IR care in the US and abroad.

Accessibility of COVID-19-related Public Websites in Japan

ABSTRACT Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, accessible websites and online content have become more critical worldwide as patients seek information about their medical concerns with limited access to care. However, there are still research gaps regarding the accessibility to COVID-19 information in Japan. Purpose This study systematically and quantitatively analyzed COVID-19-related local government websites from official COVID-19 for compliance with WCAG guidelines. Methods On June 25, 2022, we analyzed COVID-19 web portals by Japanese local governments using AChecker, WAVE, and miChecker. These tools are automated accessibility evaluation tool based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which are widely used international standards in accessibility. Results Of the 72 websites included, the average number of errors per page was 2.7 (range 0–38) for WAVE and 8.7 (range 0–104) for WCAG 2.0 AA, respectively. The number of errors was lower than the number of accessibility errors on general websites. “Perceivable” errors, such as ambiguous colors/contrasts and missing alternative text, were prominently displayed at the top of the list of web page accessibility errors. Discussion The accessibility of the COVID-19 website of the Japanese local government was deemed satisfactory compared with the average number of accessibility errors on the top 1,000,000 home pages worldwide (50.8 per page). However, the websites lacked support in images (color and text) and audio guidance for users with visual and cognitive impairments. Translation to Health Education Practice For proper user perception, COVID-19 information had to be presented with clear contrast, alternative text, and informative captions.

Learn about the DOJ and ED's joint ‘Dear Colleague’ letter regarding webpage accessibility

On May 19, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice and the Education Department released a joint “Dear Colleague” letter outlining the Section 504 and Americans With Disabilities Act accessibility obligations that govern educational institutions’ public‐facing webpages. Although the Dear Colleague letter reiterates that all public‐facing webpages should be accessible to low‐vision, hearing‐impaired, and limited motor control users, it offers little new guidance on compliance timelines, suggesting instead that the Departments will afford some flexibility to institutions that have not yet come into compliance. Thus, while institutions already should have ensured as a matter of self‐interest that critical public‐facing webpages — including those related to applications, marketing, and news announcements — are accessible, institutions need not scour all public‐facing webpages to immediately root out inaccessible archival material.

Computation of Accessibility Score of Educational Institute Webpages using Machine Learning Approaches

The availability of digital platforms by ensur ing accessibility and usability is considered a virtual gateway to provide a wide array of information to its stakeholders. An accessible web platform can disseminate information among a variety of target audiences. Thereby accessibility of academic web pages requires special attention. Herein we proposed an accessibility computation approach for higher education in stitute webpage (Homepage) in the context of universities in Hungary. The proposed approach incorporated two machine learning (ML) classifiers: Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT) to experiment on our custom dataset to compute the overall accessibility score. Performance of ML methods vali dated through confusion matrix and classification report result. The empirical results of ML methods and statistical evaluation showed poor accessibility scores which depicts that none of the selected web pages are free from accessibility issues associ ated with disabilities. As such, accessibility is a crucial aspect that needs further concern as most of the considered academic webpages have experienced accessibility issues and showed im provement demands. Abstract—The availability of digital platforms by ensuring accessibility and usability is considered a virtual gateway to provide a wide array of information to its stakeholders. An accessible web platform can disseminate information among a variety of target audiences. Thereby accessibility of academic web pages requires special attention. Herein we proposed an accessibility computation approach for higher education institute webpage (Homepage) in the context of universities in Hungary. The proposed approach incorporated two machine learning (ML) classifiers: Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT) to experiment on our custom dataset to compute the overall accessibility score. Performance of ML methods validated through confusion matrix and classification report result. The empirical results of ML methods and statistical evaluation showed poor accessibility scores which depicts that none of the selected web pages are free from accessibility issues associated with disabilities. As such, accessibility is a crucial aspect that needs further concern as most of the considered academic webpages have experienced accessibility issues and showed im provement demands.

Using Automated Accessibility Metering Tools in Transparency Rankings in Brazil

Introduction: Transparency and the right to information are vital in promoting accountability and combating corruption in public organizations. In Brazil, Law 12527/2011 (LAI) established obligations for public entities to disseminate information and ensure accessibility for people with disabilities. However, LAI lacks a central body to oversee its implementation, leading to uneven compliance across various public entities. Transparency rankings have been developed to measure compliance levels and encourage improvements. Unfortunately, few transparency rankings incorporate accessibility as a variable, hindering efforts to promote inclusivity.Objective: This study proposes a method to include web page accessibility measurement tools in transparency rankings to encourage public entities to comply with accessibility standards.Methods: The study used automated tools to measure web page accessibility and incorporated this variable into transparency rankings. The Lighthouse tool developed by Google was used to measure accessibility, and this method was used to reconstruct transparency rankings with the inclusion of accessibility.Results: Adding accessibility to transparency rankings promotes compliance, inclusivity, and transparency. Lighthouse tool measures accessibility, reconstructed rankings, and proves its effectiveness.Conclusion: Transparency and information rights fight corruption and promote accountability. Including accessibility in rankings ensures equal access. Automated tools measure web accessibility, incentivize compliance, and facilitate transparency portal measurement.

Learn about the DOJ and ED's joint “Dear Colleague” letter regarding web page accessibility

On May 19, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice and the Education Department released a joint “Dear Colleague” letter outlining the Section 504 and Americans With Disabilities Act accessibility obligations that govern educational institutions’ public‐facing webpages. Although the Dear Colleague letter reiterates that all public‐facing web pages should be accessible to low vision, hearing impaired, and limited motor control users, it offers little new guidance on compliance timelines, suggesting instead that the Departments will afford some flexibility to institutions that have not yet come into compliance. Thus, while institutions already should have ensured as a matter of self‐interest that critical public‐facing web pages — including those related to applications, marketing, and news announcements — are accessible, institutions need not scour all public‐facing web pages to immediately root out inaccessible archival material.

Understand implications of “Dear Colleague” letter regarding webpage accessibility

A joint “Dear Colleague” letter issued in May by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Education Department outlines the Section 504 and Americans With Disabilities Act accessibility obligations that govern educational institutions’ public‐facing webpages. Although the “Dear Colleague” letter reiterates that all public‐facing web pages should be accessible to low‐vision, hearing‐impaired, and limited motor control users, it offers little new guidance on compliance timelines, suggesting instead that the Departments will afford some flexibility to institutions that haven’t yet come into compliance. Thus, while institutions should already have ensured as a matter of self‐interest that critical public‐facing web pages — including those related to applications, marketing, and news announcements — are accessible, institutions need not scour all public‐facing web pages to immediately root out inaccessible archival material.

Learn about the DOJ and ED's joint “Dear Colleague” letter regarding webpage accessibility

On May 19, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice and the Education Department released a joint “Dear Colleague” letter outlining the Section 504 and Americans With Disabilities Act accessibility obligations that govern educational institutions’ public‐facing webpages. Although the Dear Colleague letter reiterates that all public‐facing web pages should be accessible to low vision, hearing impaired, and limited motor control users, it offers little new guidance on compliance timelines, suggesting instead that the Departments will afford some flexibility to institutions that have not yet come into compliance. Thus, while institutions already should have ensured as a matter of self‐interest that critical public‐facing web pages — including those related to applications, marketing, and news announcements — are accessible, institutions need not scour all public‐facing web pages to immediately root out inaccessible archival material.

Enhancing accessibility of web-based SVG buttons: An optimization method and best practices

The Internet’s rapid development has made web page access an integral part of people’s lives, catering to entertainment, socializing, and information retrieval. However, people with visual impairments face challenges in comprehending information and rely on auditory cues. Thankfully, web pages have played a crucial role in bridging this gap by providing them with valuable knowledge about the world. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) has emerged as a versatile icon style in web development, surpassing image-based models due to its operational efficiency and non-deformable properties. Nonetheless, our empirical research reveals several accessibility issues with SVG buttons, particularly the absence of alternative text. Addressing this issue entails overcoming three key challenges, as reflected in it is hard to locate SVG buttons, inability to provide standardized alternative text, and excessive resource costs. To tackle these challenges, we introduce an automated tool called SAM (SVG Accessibility Optimization Method), which supplements missing alternative text in SVG buttons. Our approach involves extensive research, including the identification of 18 common categories of SVG buttons and the creation of 25 corresponding feature templates. SAM employs classification, semantic optimization, and role optimization to enhance the accessibility of SVG buttons. We evaluate SAM by applying it to 30 real-world web pages, successfully providing alternative text with an average F1-score of 92.6%. Compared to other models and image-based baseline methods, SAM demonstrates superior performance with an average F1-score increase of 14.5%. Through the efficiency analysis and a user study, we discuss the advantages of SAM, highlighting its lightweight nature (with First Contentful Paint (FCP) at 0.762 s, Time To Interactive (TTI) at 1.238 s, and memory usage at 18.32 MB). Furthermore, visually impaired users express positive feedback regarding web pages repaired by our tool, underscoring the usefulness of our method.

DEAD FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF QUTEBROWSER AND LIBREWOLF BROWSERS USING THE NIST 800-86 METHOD

A browser is software used to access web pages to obtain clear and readable information. Information resources are identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and can be web pages, images, videos, or other content. When a browser user engages in online activities, they usually leave traces on the device such as history, cookies, cache files, and even emails and passwords. Such traces can usually help users access a website or input something, such as emails and passwords. The purpose of this research is to obtain digital evidence in the form of a cache on the hard disk in the Librewolf and Qutebrowser browsers. In this study, researchers used the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-86 method which consists of four stages, namely collection, examination, analysis, and reporting. which focuses on the Qutebrowser and LibreWolf browsers. The results obtained from this study were found to be 21 caches, 2 Sessions, 6 Cookies, 8 Network Persistent State, 9 QuotaManager, 11 IndexedDB, 24 LevelDB, 48 Cache Storage, 14 Favicons, 3 History, 6 Database, 3 StartupCache, 4 Alternate Services, 6 Content-Pref, Notification amounted to 1, Permission amounted to 7, Service Worker amounted to 6, SiteSecuristyServiceState amounted to 7, Webappstore amounted to 8, Sessionstore-Backups amounted to 5, Storage amounted to 47 NIST 800-86 method can be properly used in the acquisition of digital evidence and the most crucial data obtained in the Librewolf browser on the telegram and whatsapp sites.

Learn about the DOJ and ED's joint “Dear Colleague” letter regarding webpage accessibility

On May 19, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice and the Education Department released a joint “Dear Colleague” letter outlining the Section 504 and Americans With Disabilities Act accessibility obligations that govern educational institutions’ public‐facing webpages. Although the Dear Colleague letter reiterates that all public‐facing web pages should be accessible to low vision, hearing impaired, and limited motor control users, it offers little new guidance on compliance timelines, suggesting instead that the Departments will afford some flexibility to institutions that have not yet come into compliance. Thus, while institutions already should have ensured as a matter of self‐interest that critical public‐facing web pages — including those related to applications, marketing, and news announcements — are accessible, institutions need not scour all public‐facing web pages to immediately root out inaccessible archival material.

Manajemen Keamanan Internet Menggunakan Metode Firewall Filtering Untuk Penyaringan Konten Pada Router Mikrotik RB1100

The existence of security threats and internet abuse is often a problem for companies. Use of a VPN for access to web pages that contain negative and pornographic content which usually contain malware, viruses, trojans and others. This of course will have a detrimental effect on companies whose internet networks are exposed to attacks by malware, viruses or trojans due to employees' habit of accessing web pages that contain negative and pornographic content. To prevent these threats, a method of regulating access and use of the internet network is needed according to its purpose. Content filtering is used to filter sites or web addresses that are not allowed by the company because they are considered to have no direct connection with their field of work. The firewall filtering content method in the Winbox application is one of the methods to achieve the goal of blocking negative and pornographic content that can be accessed by employees during working hours. This research was implemented at PT. Indonesian Mighty Beasts. The results of this study, after the content filtering firewall is implemented, employees cannot access web pages that contain negative and pornographic content and of course are not work related so that the implications for work are more productive, efficient and optimal.

Advancing Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Knowledge Retrieval: A Case Study Using ChatGPT-4 and Link Retrieval Plug-In to Analyze Diabetic Ketoacidosis Guidelines.

Introduction This case study aimed to enhance the traceability and retrieval accuracy of ChatGPT-4 in medical text by employing a step-by-step systematic approach. The focus was on retrieving clinical answers from three international guidelines on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Methods A systematic methodology was developed to guide the retrieval process. One question was asked per guideline to ensure accuracy and maintain referencing. ChatGPT-4 was utilized to retrieve answers, and the 'Link Reader' plug-in was integrated to facilitate direct access to webpages containing the guidelines. Subsequently, ChatGPT-4 was employed to compile answers while providing citations to the sources. This process was iterated 30 times per question to ensure consistency. In this report, we present our observations regarding the retrieval accuracy, consistency of responses, and the challenges encountered during the process. Results Integrating ChatGPT-4 with the 'Link Reader' plug-in demonstrated notable traceability and retrieval accuracy benefits. The AI model successfully provided relevant and accurate clinical answers based on the analyzed guidelines. Despite occasional challenges with webpage access and minor memory drift, the overall performance of the integrated system was promising. The compilation of the answers was also impressive and held significant promise for further trials. Conclusion The findings of this case study contribute to the utilization of AI text-generation models as valuable tools for medical professionals and researchers. The systematic approach employed in this case study and the integration of the 'Link Reader' plug-in offer a framework for automating medical text synthesis, asking one question at a time before compilation from different sources, which has led to improving AI models' traceability and retrieval accuracy. Further advancements and refinement of AI models and integration with other software utilities hold promise for enhancing the utility and applicability of AI-generated recommendations in medicine and scientific academia. These advancements have the potential to drive significant improvements in everyday medical practice.

A large-scale web accessibility analysis considering technology adoption

This paper reports the results of the automated accessibility evaluation of nearly three million web pages. The analysis of the evaluations allowed us to characterize the status of web accessibility. On average, we identified 30 errors per web page, and only a very small number of pages had no accessibility barriers identified. The more frequent problems found were inadequate text contrast and lack of accessible names. Additionally, we identified the technologies present in the websites evaluated, which allowed us to relate web technologies with the accessibility level, as measured by A3, an accessibility metric. Our findings show that most categories of web technologies impact the accessibility of web pages, but that even for those categories that show a negative impact, it is possible to select technologies that improve or do not impair the accessibility of the web content.

Antecedents to Intention to Adopt Mobile Learning: A Moderating Model

Due to the availability of technology, most of the population worldwide has mobile access. Most mobile users use it for making calls or sending messages to friends and family members and are reluctant to use other advanced features such as accessing web pages and social forums. This study has extended the UTAT model to examine the factors (i.e., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence) that affect attitudes toward mobile learning. Also, the study examines the moderating roles of perceived risk. The study collected 355 responses from SMEs’ employees in Karachi using a self-administered questionnaire. We used Smart PLS for data analysis and found that “performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social expectancy significantly affect mobile learning.” However, the effect of effort expectancy is negative. Also, the study results support the moderating roles of perceived risk. Based on the results, we suggest that SMEs must motivate employees to make more efforts to use mobile for learning. Many consumers are still concerned about the risk elements of using mobile for learning. Policymakers and managers must counsel employees that the risk factors have reduced considerably due to technological advancements. However, they may not share their information with non-reputable web pages and unknown numbers.

Pembuatan Portal Web SMKN 6 Mataram Sebagai Media Promosi dan Informasi Kelulusan Siswa

A website is a collection of interconnected, publicly accessible Web pages that share a single domain name. Websites can be created and maintained by individuals, groups, businesses, or organizations to serve a variety of purposes, such as the rapiddelivery of information to the public. Websites come in almost endless variations, including educational sites, news sites, forums,social media sites, e-commerce sites, and so on. The pages on a website are usually a mixture of text and other media. There are no rules that determine the form of the website, one example is a website for schools which is one of the most effective mediafor delivering graduation information or information related to schools, especially at SMK Negeri 6 Mataram where students do notonly come from within the region but there are also those from outside the region so that this is one of the school's challenges to create an intermediary medium for delivering information nationally. Previously, SMK Negeri 6 Mataram in conveying graduation information to students still used paper and envelopes given to students as well as posting information on the wall magazine because it was too wasteful. and there are restrictions on the delivery of information. So that SMK Negeri 6 Mataramenforces thedelivery of graduation information by using a website so that it can be accessed by students in various places, so as to reduce the use of paper and envelopes, the website is built using a combination of codeigniter and Laravel frameworks in order to reduce hacking from irresponsible parties

Developing and evaluating week 2 and weeks 3-4 outlook tools for extratropical storminess

Extratropical cyclones give rise to most of the high impact weather in the mid-to high-latitudes during the cool seasons, including heavy precipitation and strong winds. Thus it is important for stakeholders to be informed of approaching periods of increased or decreased cyclone activity. While individual cyclone tracks can be predicted out to about a week or so, from week 2 on, statistics summarizing cyclone activity, or storminess, are more useful. Storminess can be defined based on Lagrangian cyclone tracking or by Eulerian variance statistics. The outlook includes a combination of both methods. Lagrangian cyclone tracks provide information about where cyclones pass through and are more intuitive to users, while Eulerian variance statistics have been shown to be highly correlated with cyclone-related weather and are expected to be more predictable given that they are not as noisy. In this paper, we evaluate a storminess outlook tool developed based on dynamical model forecasts in the week-2 and weeks 3-4 time ranges. The outlook uses two 6-hourly subseasonal ensemble forecasts–the Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12), and the coupled Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). Hindcasts and operational forecasts from 1999–2016 are used to assess the prediction skill. Our results show that the GEFSv12 and CFSv2 combined ensemble has higher skill than either individual ensemble. The combined ensemble shows some skill in predicting cyclone amplitude and frequency out to weeks 3-4, with highest skill in winter, and lowest skill in summer. Models also show some skill in predicting the statistics of deep cyclones for week 2. The prediction skills for an Eulerian sea level pressure variance storminess metric is significantly higher than those for Lagrangian track statistics. Our results also show that GEFSv12 performs better than its predecessor GEFSv11. Correlations between the storminess indices and surface weather, including precipitation and high winds, are examined. A publicly accessible web page has been developed to display the subseasonal predictions in real time. The web page also contains information on climatology and forecast verification to enable users to make more informed use of the outlook.

The development of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program enrollment accessibility (SNAP-access) score

BackgroundThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a federal public benefit providing food assistance to millions of Americans. However, it is typically administered by states, creating potential variation in accessibility and transparency of information about enrollment for people with disabilities. ObjectiveTo develop and demonstrate the use of a method to assess the accessibility and transparency of information about the disability-inclusive process and practices of SNAP enrollment. MethodsCross-sectional data was collected from SNAP landing and enrollment webpages from all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and New York City from June–August 2021. Based on principles of universal design and accessibility, scores were determined for each SNAP program across three areas: flexibility in the enrollment process (6 points), efficiency of finding information about enrollment on SNAP websites (6 points), and the accessibility of SNAP webpages (6 points). Total scores were the sum of these sub-categories (18 points maximum). ResultsOf the 52 SNAP programs assessed, mean scores were 10.66 (SD = 2.51) for the total score, 2.67 (SD = 0.91) for flexibility in the enrollment process, 3.32 (SD = 1.19) for efficiency of finding information about enrollment on SNAP websites, and 4.67 (SD = 1.72) for the accessibility of SNAP webpages. No programs received the maximum flexibility score (6 points) on flexibility, 2 programs received the maximum on efficiency, and 31 programs the maximum on accessibility. ConclusionsWe found differences in the accessibility, flexibility, and efficiency of SNAP program enrollment information available on SNAP websites and outline room for improvement across all three of these areas.