Access To Land Research Articles

Implementation of Infrastructure Project Through Public-PrivatePartnership in the Southern Part of West Java Province

The objective of this research is to investigate how infrastructure projects are executed in government-business partnerships. The study aims to accomplish three objectives: (1) evaluate the implementation of these projects, (2) identify the obstacles encountered during project execution, and (3) analyze the strategies utilized in executing disruptive innovation in government-business partnership infrastructure projects. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, carried out for a period of one year, from July 2021 to June 2022. The study involves six experts from the Transportation Agency, two individuals from the Department of Public Works and Public Housing, one representative from Regional Planning and Development Agency (RDPA), and one academician, with structured in-person interviews used as the primary data source. The research indicates that executing infrastructure projects through disruptive innovation in construction firms involves several steps, such as preparing for disruption, developing internal and external innovation, using incremental innovations, and utilizing open innovation to explore new technologies and business models. Nonetheless, the study identifies several obstacles encountered during the execution of these projects, including inadequate infrastructure project risk analysis, poor coordination among stakeholders, limited funding allocation, and land availability issues. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends the need for independent professional consultants, improved project planning, regulatory ease, fiscal incentives for investors, and legal guarantees for private investors to ensure equal rights as state-owned enterprises in executing feasible projects, and good coordination among stakeholders

Beyond legislation: Unpacking land access capability in small-scale mining and its intersections with the agriculture sector in sub-Saharan Africa

The complex relationship between mining and agriculture in Africa is deeply rooted in a complex network of spatial, political, and socio-economic dynamics. In Ghana, for instance, the forest agroecological zone, responsible for 57 % of food crop production, coincides with 61 % of mineral-rich areas. This overlap leads to significant implications, such as competition and conflicts over land, as both livelihood activities rely on a finite natural resource: land. To examine land access politics at the intersections of mining and agriculture using Ghana as a case study, we adopt a unique blend of Amartya Sen's capability approach and political ecology approach. Our study draws on secondary information, on-site observations, and primary data acquired from interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders in both sectors. Through the lens of political ecology, our research highlights the significant powers of state actors, especially in the mining sector, on land access, exacerbating tensions and conflicts among non-state actors like small-scale miners, smallholder farmers, and traditional authorities. Additionally, by applying the capability approach, we uncover the diverse agency-driven strategies employed by non-state actors, sometimes operating outside existing laws, and we emphasize the competitive dynamics between small-scale miners and smallholder farmers as they vie for land resources to support their economic activities. We therefore argue that the spatial and socio-economic interconnectedness of mining and agriculture is rife with dramatic tensions underpinned by unequal power relations and a hierarchical structure of actors within the two sectors, with potential for zero-sum or worse than zero-sum outcomes for humans and the physical environment at multiple scales.

Penguatan Ketahanan Pangan di Era Modern

Abstract
 Abstract Food is a source of human energy, with enough food, humans can do many things. Unfortunately, in this modern era in which where farm is limited food security become a problem. Therefore, there should be ways out to solve this problem. One simple thing to improve food security is by functioning the availability of limited land. However not all citizens know how to make use their limited land for food security. To this, our team decide to provide workshop and supervision to maximize limited land to support food security in this modern life. This activity aims to increase the awareness of citizens regarding the importance of utilizing limited land to support food security. This activity was carried out in several stages and with continuous supervision. As a result, residents can utilize their own limited of land. From this workshop. Each house has grown vegetables and fruit to support their daily nutrition. In addition of being economical, citizens find out that their homes feel freshers as they are surrounded by plants
 
 
 

Agropastoralism and re-peasantisation: the importance of mobility and social networks in the páramos of Boyacá, Colombia

The páramos of Boyacá in Colombia are earmarked for delimitation to prevent the expansion of the agricultural frontier and protect endemic flora that contribute to water provision for cities. A varied conservation toolbox will be used, including the creation of protected areas for re-wilding and the ‘sustainable’ transitioning of livelihoods identified as environmentally destructive. Agriculture and cattle livestock farming has been identified for transitioning. Despite the negative discourse related to livestock holding, this paper argues that small-scale agropastoralism contributes to re-peasantisation and provides the foundations for an agrobiodiverse conservation approach. Agropastoralism facilitates re-peasantisation through strong socio-economic networks, interconnected communities, the solidarity economy, and self-management of natural resources. Whilst, agropastoral mobility spatially binds social networks across large and disconnected spaces. Mobility is also fundamental to dynamic land access and pasture management, as it prevents over-grazing. This exemplifies how resilient socio-economic networks and mobile production strategies could be harnessed for agrobiodiversity, instead of land sparing and other sedentary ‘green’ economies. This paper makes conceptual contributions to ‘autonomy’ in re-peasantisation by empirically demonstrating the importance of mobile and flexible systems of production. It also makes a novel methodological contribution in applying a spatial lens that further unpacks how movement across the páramos facilitates autonomy and re-peasantisation. These themes are explored using interview data from 53 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and small-scale agropastoralists from across the páramos and field observation. The paper concludes by recommending a harnessing of agropastoral knowledge, to potentiate agrobiodiversity, for a more socio-ecologically just approach to farming and conservation in the páramos.

Roadside vegetated filter strips to simultaneously lower stormwater pollution loadings and improve economics of biorefinery feedstocks

Roadside vegetated filters strips (VFSs) reduce roadway runoff pollution by intercepting stormwater and reducing pollutant loads. VFS maintenance and operating costs can be reduced by designing the VFSs to serve as sites for production of marketable biomass. This biomass can provide feedstock for the emerging bioeconomy producing renewable fuels and biobased chemicals and products. Economic evaluation is needed to quantify the benefit of combining VFS with bioenergy biomass production. This evaluation requires a place-based approach to quantify availability of land, transportation costs, and benefits to sensitive habitats. We evaluated roadside land, within the state right-of-way, in Western Washington, to determine the total area available for implementing VFSs. These data were then used to estimate the volume and cost, of biomass produced on the filter strips, and the resultant reduction in pollutants emitted through highway runoff. The analysis showed that up to 5600 ha were available for roadside VFSs that would be within transportation distance of the theoretical biorefinery location. This space could produce up to 97 dry Gg per year of poplar biomass. The resulting reduction in biorefinery feedstock cost was up to $24 per dry Mg compared to biomass from dedicated tree farms. The results showed that combining roadside poplar with traditional dedicated poplar feedstocks can reduce the feedstock cost of the biorefinery from $76 to $67 per Mg for a biorefinery processing 150 Gg biomass per year. Environmental impact analysis showed that within the study area half of urban roadways and one-third of rural roadways in highly sensitive aquatic areas were amenable to VFS. Construction of VFS in these amenable areas would reduce total loadings to sensitive aquatic areas in urban areas by 26% for TSS, copper, and zinc, and by 10% for phosphorus, and nitrogen and by 21% for lead. The impact for rural sensitive areas was even greater where the VFS had potential to reduce total loadings to sensitive aquatic areas by 38% for TSS, copper, and zinc, by 15% for phosphorus and nitrogen, and by 31% for lead. This research showed an approach combining geographic information system (GIS) mapping and economic analysis to document simultaneous evaluation of cost and environmental benefits when considering use of non-traditional land for bioenergy crop production.

A hydrogen supply-chain model powering Australian isolated communities

This article proposes a supply chain-based green hydrogen microgrid modelling for a number of remote Australian communities. Green hydrogen can be used as an emissions-free fuel source for electricity generation in places where large-scale renewable energy production is impossible due to land availability, population, or government regulations. This research focuses on the Torres Strait Island communities in northern Australia, where the transition from diesel to renewable electricity generation is difficult due to very limited land availability on most islands. Due to geographical constraints, low population and smaller electrical load, the green hydrogen needs to be sourced from somewhere else. This research presents a green hydrogen supply chain model that leverages the land availability of one island to produce hydrogen to supply other island communities. In addition, this research presents a model of producing and transporting green hydrogen while supplying cheaper electricity to the communities at focus. The study has used a transitional scenario planning approach and the HOMER simulation platform to find the least-cost solution. Based on the results, a levelised cost of energy range of AU$0.42 and AU$0.44 was found. With the help of a green hydrogen supply chain, CO2 emissions at the selected sites could be cut by 90 %. This study can be used as a guide for small clustered communities that could not support or justify large-scale renewable generation facilities but need more opportunities to install renewable generation.

Site suitability for intercity bus terminal at Hyderabad, Pakistan: a citizen’s perception

The city of Hyderabad, Pakistan has been facing a shortage of bus terminals over the years. The native transportation arrangement already increased traffic jams in the city. Besides, passenger buses that arrived in Hyderabad from other suburban cities had caused chaos and increased traffic management issues. Constructing a new bus terminal for the city in an accessible location is determined in this study. To examine the demand for a bus terminal and to determine a proper location, the data were collected from the 480 sampled respondents with the help of a questionnaire survey. Experts from the Hyderabad Development Authorities were consulted on the availability of land for the proposed development of the terminal. To generate suitable information, descriptive statistics and the correlation approach were employed. GIS-based maps were also produced to define the land uses and routes of the city. This research recommends four standard sites for the terminal, i.e., the Mayani Main Forest (Ayub Hotel), Toll Plaza, Kohsar (Gulshan-e-Sarmast), and Zeal Park. Based on expert opinion, the Ayoub Hotel site was found more suitable for constructing a new bus terminal. In this way, this study contributed to the development of a new bus terminal for the city, which has been the demand of the citizens for quite some time.

Physicochemical test of leucaena leucocephala pellets using various types of adhesives

Forage availability is a problem in developing sustainable livestock farming for ruminants in Indonesia. The availability of forage is influenced by several factors, one of which is the availability of land for fodder crop cultivation. The study aimed to test the physicochemistry of Leucaena leucocephala pellets using various types of adhesives originating from local raw materials in the form of tapioca flour, corn flour, sago flour, and commercial adhesives which were carried out for 1 month, namely August 2022 at the Animal Feed Analysis Unit Laboratory, Unit Laboratory Feed Manufacturing, and Transportation Engineering System Laboratory, Halu Oleo University. The results of the study showed that the use of various types of adhesives on the physical and chemical qualities of Leucaena leucocephala forage pellets had a significant effect on the value of pellet durability index, specific gravity, crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter. In contrast, the density value did not show a significant effect. The best results were found using a 3% sago flour adhesive with a Pellet durability index value of 86.71% and a specific gravity of 1.27 g/ml. The adhesive that can improve the chemical quality of Leucaena leucocephala pellets uses 3% corn flour adhesive, which produces a crude protein content of 24.92%. The highest dry material and organic ingredients values are obtained using 3% Tapioca flour adhesive with values of 95.73% and 88.04%.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogea L.) Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik Asam Humat

Peanuts are a crop with a large demand in Indonesia after soybeans and will increase every year in the projected development of peanuts even until 2025. In Indonesia, especially in the East Java region as a center for Indonesian peanuts, production fluctuates due to inadequate land availability. . This study aims to assess the response of growth and production of peanut plants to doses of humic acid in Antirogo Village, Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. It was carried out from October 25 2022 to January 2023. This study was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design with a single factor, namely humic acid dose. The treatment consisted of 6 levels namely Control, 5kg/ha, 10kg/ha, 15kg/ha, 20kg/ha, 25kg/ha. These results were analyzed using ANOVA if they showed significantly different results then further tested using the BNJ level of 5%. The results showed that the application of humic acid at a dose of 25 kg/ha had a significant effect on the number of branches, fresh pod weight, and the SPAD value. The application of humic acid at a dose of 10 kg/ha had a significantly different effect on the parameter number of rich pods with an average of 36.38 rich pods.

Deep decarbonization and U.S. biofuels production: a coordinated analysis with a detailed structural model and an integrated multisectoral model

Scenarios for deep decarbonization involve biomass for biofuels, biopower, and bioproducts, and they often include negative emissions via carbon capture and storage or utilization. However, critical questions remain about the feasibility of rapid growth to high levels of biomass utilization, given biomass and land availability as well as historical growth rates of the biofuel industry. We address these questions through a unique coordinated analysis and comparison of carbon pricing effects on biomass utilization growth in the United States using a multisectoral integrated assessment model, the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM), and a biomass-to-biofuels system dynamics model, the Bioenergy Scenario Model (BSM). We harmonized and varied key factors—such as carbon prices, vehicle electrification, and arable land availability—in the two models. We varied the rate of biorefinery construction, the fungibility of feedstock types across conversion processes, and policy incentives in BSM. The rate of growth in biomass deployment under a carbon price in both models is within the range of current literature. However, the reallocation of land to biomass feedstocks would need to overcome bottlenecks to achieve growth consistent with deep decarbonization scenarios. Investments as a result of near-term policy incentives can develop technology and expand capacity—reducing costs, enabling flexibility in feedstock use, and improving stability—but if biomass demand is high, these investments might not overcome land reallocation bottlenecks. Biomass utilization for deep decarbonization relies on extraordinary growth in biomass availability and industrial capacity. In this paper, we quantify and describe the potential challenges of this rapid change.

Impact of gender equality on implementation of land use rights through land access of ethnic minorities in central Vietnam

The study was conducted to test the impact of gender equality on implementing land use rights through land access of ethnic minorities. Preliminary scale evaluation using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and EFA exploratory factor analysis with 100 survey samples was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. The official quantitative research model was tested by the partial minimum average method (PLS) in SmartPLS3 software with 349 survey samples from 3 ethnic minority groups, including Cham, Bana, and Hre, in Binh Dinh province, a province in the center of Vietnam. Research results show that all three ethnic groups, Cham, Bana, and Hre, who participated in the survey, said that women currently face many disadvantages in accessing land and exercising land use rights compared to men. The research results confirm a solid positive indirect and positive relationship between gender equality and the exercise of land use rights through the intermediate variable of land access. The research results contribute some theoretical implications in developing land policies to achieve equality in land access, improve land access and realize land use rights for ethnic minorities women.

Innovative Soilless Culture Techniques for Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Review

Soilless culture, a modern greenhouse cultivation technology, has rapidly developed in the past 30-40 years and offers a closed-loop system with several benefits, including the recycling of 85-90 percent of irrigation water. As the world population continues to grow at a rate of over 1%, the reduction in land availability per capita for soil-based agriculture has become a major problem, particularly in countries like India with a high population density. Soilless farming offers a viable alternative for growing high-quality vegetables, fruits, and flowers year-round on a variety of substrates, requiring limited space. This approach also aims to eradicate greenhouse soil-related problems such as soil-borne infections, poor soil fertility, and salinity. With several advantages over traditional soil crops, including shorter growth times, year-round production, and fewer diseases and pests, soilless farming comprises various methods such as hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics. The technique has the potential to improve people's lives and boost economic growth by encouraging innovative businesses to engage in agriculture. Therefore, soilless farming has gained traction as an innovative solution to address land scarcity issues while producing high-quality crops sustainably.

The environmental challenges of urban living: Why willingness to pay for apartments matters

This study aims to understand the willingness of urban communities in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) to move to apartment dwellings, and a study was conducted using a quantitative survey method. The study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic factors influencing the decision to switch to vertical housing. The survey collected data from a sample of individuals representing the entire population in Jabodetabek. The participants in the study were selected from various locations within Jabodetabek, including Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. These areas were chosen to comprehensively represent the metropolitan region and its urban communities. By including participants from different locations within Jabodetabek, the study aimed to capture individuals' diverse perspectives and experiences in this region. The survey covered a range of sociodemographic factors such as gender, income, education level, marital status, occupancy, and residence ownership. The participants were divided into two groups: those willing to pay for an apartment and those who wereilling to pay for an apartment and those not. By comparing the characteristics of these two groups, the study aimed to identify significant differences and understand the factors influencing the willingness to move to apartment dwellings. The study results showed significant differences in income level, education level, marital status, and occupancy between the two groups. Income level was the most significant factor affecting an individual's willingness to pay for an apartment. Additionally, the perception of better apartment productivity, which includes reduced transportation time and costs associated with work or other business purposes, increased the demand for apartments. The study found that income level was the most significant factor affecting an individual's willingness to pay for an apartment. The perception of better apartment productivity also increased demand for apartments, as it reduces transportation time and costs associated with work or other business purposes. The study suggests that vertical development in metropolitan areas can provide a solution to increase population density and overcome the problem of limited land availability. The government can use the findings from this study to support policies that promote vertical development in cities.

Talent in the public sector: The role of migration and housing policies

Misallocating talent can have significant costs for society. Previous studies have shown that reducing mobility barriers enhances talent allocation across regions, yet the impact on talent allocation between the public and private sectors, as well as the quality of the public sector, remains unclear. This paper presents a two-city, two-sector model incorporating endogenous location and occupational choices to address this gap. We find that changes in the value or supply of residence quotas (hukou) do not always influence public employment quality. We also analytically characterize the conditions under which they do, which involve the value and supply of hukou, wages in the government sector, and productivity differentials across cities. In the same environment, however, changes in land availability do not affect talent distribution across the public and private sectors.

Roles of Youth Organizations in Farm Development in Rivers State, Nigeria

The study investigated the role of youth’s organization in farm development in Rivers State. Interview schedules were used to collect data from 120 youths selected through random sampling procedure from Rivers State. Descriptive and inferential statistics namely, mean and factor analysis respectively were used to analyze the data. The result shows that youths play important roles in the supply of labour, donation of materials, initiating of projects, attend meetings punctually and use initiatives to gain outside help. Also, youths in community based non-formal rural youth agricultural programmes is mainly in youth organizations which includes, age grades, local social clubs and young farmers organization. The major problems that inhibit youth in agricultural activities were lack of commitment, lack of logistic support and lack of land ownership. It was recommended that a robust relationship between agencies interested in encouraging youth involvement in agriculture should be evolved through legislation and implementation of policies to guarantee training programmes, credit facilities and land accessibility to youths at the identified rural youth organizations. This will enhance youth involvement and catalyze agricultural development.

A Hub of Food Amid of Nutrition Insecurities: Exploring Food and Nutrition Situations in Rural Areas of Tanzania

A cross sectional study was conducted and involved 351 households from two regions where participants were mother/caregiver-child pairs. This paper discloses the challenges and opportunities of food and nutrition situations in the areas using lessons from Morogoro and Dodoma regions, Tanzania. Data were collected through an inventory food production questionnaire, focus group discussions, observation and documentation on preparation, cooking and consumption practices. The study revealed several opportunities regarding food and nutrition situations including; availability of arable land for cultivation of diverse crops, ownership of arable land by 75% of study population, and diverse crop production, where about 80% of households cultivate 2-3 food crops. In addition, existence of manpower for agriculture production was evidenced by household composition of more than 3 adults capable of participating in agriculture production. Seasonal availability of fresh produce such as fruits and vegetables was also among the opportunities noted. Despite the documented opportunities, 82% of households participated in subsistence farming and depended on rain fed agriculture, this led to low productivity per acre and seasonal scarcity of foods. Poor nutrition status of children and women coupled by frequent illnesses was noted. Prevalence of stunting was 40.5% and underweight was 14.5%, prevalence of overweight for women was also high in the villages. Furthermore, limited skills on food preparations and sub-optimal dietary practices such as low dietary diversity, low consumption of fruits and animal source foods prevailed in the areas. The importance of addressing the challenges is highlighted including promoting diversified and sustainable agriculture by educating farmers on the importance of producing, consuming and sustaining diversified diets. Also, increasing nutrition awareness on the importance of good nutrition for economic development and productive life.

Renewable energy enabling pathways towards prosperity in Africa and South Asia

Africa and South Asia are the regions with the fastest growing population in the world. Both of these major regions are located in the sunbelt with excellent solar as well as other renewable energy resources. Rising standards of living accompanied by a massive economic development triggers a vast need of energy. This study reflects the opportunities for an economic development largely based on renewable energy and especially the role of solar photovoltaics as a primary option for low-cost energy supply in the sunbelt. Investigations also cover the share of 100% renewable energy system analyses for Africa and South Asia and the opportunities of a Solar-to-X Economy in the sunbelt. The current status and energy system transition prospects until 2050 for Africa and South Asia are presented, including an outlook for post-2050 trends. Strategic opportunities for Africa and South Asia show many similarities but also structural differences. A central finding of this study is that low-cost solar photovoltaics is the core of a prosperous development in Africa and South Asia. This will be strongly supported by low-cost batteries and electrolysers for a self-sufficient growth of the two most populous regions in the world. Additionally, this will create significant export opportunities for e-fuels, e-chemicals and e-materials for Africa enabled by its large land availability and excellent solar resources, while land area is rather limited in South Asia. Sustainable development for Africa and South Asia will be closely related to the roll-out of a Solar-to-X Economy.

The implications for potential marginal land resources of cassava across worldwide under climate change challenges

The demand for energy plants is foreseen to grow as worldwide energy and climate policies promote the use of bioenergy for climate change mitigation. To avoid competing with food production, it’s critical to assess future changes in marginal land availability for energy plant development. Using a machine learning method, boosted regression tree, this study modeled potential marginal land resources suitable for cassava under current and different climate change scenarios, based on cassava occurrence records and environmental covariates. The findings revealed that, currently, over 80% of the 1357.24 Mha of available marginal land for cassava cultivation is distributed in Africa and South America. Under three climate change scenarios, by 2030, worldwide suitable marginal land resources were predicted to grow by 39.71Mha, 66.21 Mha, and 39.31Mha for the RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively; by 2050, the potential marginal land suitable for cassava will increase by 38.98Mha, 83.02 Mha, and 55.43Mha, respectively; by 2080, the global marginal land resources were estimated to rise by 40.82 Mha, 99.74 Mha, and 21.87 Mha from now, respectively. Our results highlight the impacts of climate change on potential marginal land resources of cassava across worldwide, which provide the basis for assessing bioenergy potential in the future.

From Single- to Multi-Family Public Housing: Analyzing Social Sustainability Aspects of Recent Designs in the UAE

The UAE’s federal and local governments initiated their public housing programs for Emirati citizens on low incomes to provide them with adequate basic services and to improve their living conditions. Until 2005, most of the public housing units were developed as single-family dwellings on ample plots, but, afterwards, the areas of the housing plots significantly decreased due to the growing demand for public housing associated with the increasing population and limited land availability. Recently, it has become increasingly difficult to provide single-family housing for all Emirati citizens who need public dwellings. To address this problem, the UAE has shifted towards the provision of multi-family housing. To this end, two pioneering vertical public housing projects have been developed: Diba Al Hosn in Sharjah and Al Ghurfa in Al Fujairah. While the designs of the two projects attempted to consider the requirements of the lifestyle of Emirati families, the degree of attaining the wider social sustainability considerations in the design of these projects has not been explored yet. To bridge this gap, this research first examined the essential social sustainability aspects that should be taken into consideration when designing multi-family housing in general. Then, the research compared the two multi-family local designs with some global case studies regarding the degree of achieving social sustainability aspects. The research ended with revealing the social sustainability-related shortcomings of the designs of recent multi-family public housing in the UAE and, hence, suggested an integrated set of social sustainability principles and indicators that, if appropriately applied, could help appropriately attain social sustainability aspects for Emirati’s vertical public housing.

India’s photovoltaic potential amidst air pollution and land constraints

India aims for ambitious solar energy goal to fulfill its climate commitment but there are limited studies on solar resource assessment considering both environmental and land availability constraints. The present work attempts to address this issue using satellite-derived air pollution, radiation, and land use data over the Indian region. Surface insolation over India has been decreasing at a rate of -0.29± 0.19 Wm-2 y-1 between 2001 and 2018. Solar resources over nearly 98%, 40%, and 39% of the Indian landmass are significantly impacted by aerosols, clouds, and both aerosols and clouds respectively. Only 29.3% of the Indian landmass is presently suitable for effective solar photovoltaic harnessing, but this is further declining by -0.21% annually, causing a presumptive loss of 50 GW solar potential, translating 75 TWh power generation. Lowering two decades of aerosol burden can make 8% additional landmass apt for photovoltaic use. Alleviating aerosol-induced dimming can fast-track India's solar energy expansion.