Access To Financial Resources Research Articles

The impact of intrapreneurship strategy on business performances of Italian companies

Intrapreneurship is a decentralized management strategy applied in large and medium-sized companies. The strategy enables employees to use their entrepreneurial skills for the benefit of both the company and the employee. Talented employees get the opportunity to create ideas, undertake innovative ventures, to experiment, to gain access to financial resources and other resources in order to encourage innovative change and results. The creator of the idea was the Pinchot couple in 1978, but to this day the concept has undergone several evolutionary waves (Antoncic, 2020). The intrapreneurship strategy positively affects the agility in the company, raises efficiency, has a positive effect on team spirit, increases productivity, reduces costs and raises profitability. The main goal of the paper is to analyze the level of intrapreneurship presence in large and medium-sized companies in the Italian region of Campania. The influence of intrapreneurship parameters on companies' business indicators is also measured. An instrument for measuring intrapreneurship was created for the needs of paper. The instrument measures the presence of autonomous teams in the company, the possibility of taking business initiative, speed of access to resources for testing purposes and realization of new business ideas, encouraging risk with the aim of realizing business ideas, mobility of resources within the company, the degree of management tolerance in order to realize new business ideas of employees, the presence of rewards, the level of management support at all levels, the number of hierarchical levels in the company and the role of crowdsourcing in the development of internal entrepreneurship. After factor and regression analysis, Factor 1 has a dominant impact on all three business indicators, while Factor 2 has a smaller but statistically significant impact on the company's volume of business and investments

Determinants of Access to Finance by MSMEs in Andhra Pradesh

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are still an interesting academic and policy-related subject to study and understand the dynamics of the small business. There are a couple of studies which investigate the determinates of MSMEs growth by adopting personal approach (ownership characteristics) and managerial approach (managerial characteristics/strategy related). The present article is aimed to explore the several challenges faced by the MSMEs in order to have access of financial resources where the finance is said to be the oxygen of any organisation. The variables considered for the study are size of the business, type of ownership of the business and type of business. The study is restricted to only Guntur and Krishna districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. To attain the objectives of the study, we intend to make use of primary and secondary data. Data purifier tests are being used in the study to know the suitability of the data for analysis. The linear assumption, normality assumption, multicollinearity assumption and homoscedasticity assumption are used under regression analysis. The results indicate that there is a strong relationship between size of the business and accessibility of the firm. It means that the size of the business has a positive impact over the availability of financial resources for the business. The moderate impact could be found between type of ownership and accessibility of financial resources whilst the same pattern exhibited in between type of business and availability of financial resources. It could be concluded that the size of the firm provide leverage for the accessibility of financial resources, and thereby this intact acts an insulator for the growth of MSMEs in a great extent comparatively the rest of the two.

Barriers to Small and Medium Entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan: Qualitative and Quantitative Observations

Small and medium entrepreneurship is one of the determinants of the innovation economy, as well as the most important strategic resource for national development. The assessment of the efficiency and activity of small and medium entrepreneurship is carried out in a variety of ways. One of the tools that allows to position business entities in the system of integral economic coordinates is survey and ranks. A survey conducted by Kazakhstan Ministry of Economy, and National Economic Research Institute was evaluated by using SPSS software package (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to examine the relative importance of different barriers that affect the growth and operational effectiveness of SMEs in the developing countries with transition economies like Kazakhstan. The SPSS analysis indicated that a lack of awareness about laws and programmes, a lack of easy access to financial resources, level of corruption in public administration institutions, and poor access to and the quality of human resources are found to be the most important barriers, which have reduced the development of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. The findings of this study will assist the policy makers in the economy to create an environment conducive to the growth and consistent outstanding performance of SMEs in any economy.

Re-Engineering SEF Allocation Toward Achieving Quality Basic Education

The Local Government Unit is considered a major partner of the national government in the delivery of educational services because LGU has access to financial resources that are earmarked for basic education, the Special Education Fund (SEF). Section 272 of RA 7160 provides that 1% tax on real property shall automatically be released to the SEF. This fund can be used to further improve learning outcomes through the implementation of programs and projects that are otherwise not supported by the general education fund of the Department. The National Achievement Test (NAT) is the sole yardstick that the Department of Education uses to determine the achievement levels of learners. This test is administered annually by the Department. In the past years, the average actual performances of learners in the NAT for all the subject areas are below the standard Mean Percentage Score of 75%. Per review made by the education sector revealed that the allocations are not maximized to carry out the designed educational programs and projects particularly in the SEF. The SEF delimits its allowable expenditures exclusively for operation and maintenance of public schools, construction and repair of school buildings, facilities and equipment, educational research, purchase of books and sports development. The objective of this paper is to propose spending mechanisms for the SEF which are anchored on the strategic directions that the education sector has deliberated. These strategies are geared toward improving the achievement levels of students and making the present educational system responsive to the demands of the Asean Integration, global competitiveness and 21st century education. There are four policy recommendations proposed namely: (1) Re-engineering SEF Allocation by including responsive programs and projects as deemed priority by the education sector, (2) Inclusion of identified educational programs in the general fund in the Local Government Unit, (3) Stakeholders’ participation and (4) Status quo. The criteria used were high impact, rapid implementation, collaborative and political feasibility. The re-engineering of Special Education Fund (SEF) allocation is the preferred policy option because it entails shared governance. Once adopted, the management planning, review and evaluation processes shall indicate improvement in the learning outcomes of students. The re-engineering process involves the active participation of the people, the education sector and the government. In shared governance as a mechanism of the reengineering process, principles were drawn which will make education a vehicle for enhancing participation in the provision of quality basic education. These principles namely progression, partnership and participation along with the identified strategies will create mechanisms that support more meaningful engagements and partnerships toward improving the achievement levels of learners.

Problems & Perspectives of Financing Tourism Industry in West Bengal:An Empirical Study

Tourism encompasses economic activities viz. accommodation, transportation, food and beverage, information dissemination and entertainments etc. This sector generates a large investment and financing opportunities. As per the estimate of the World Tourism Organisation, India is projected to become the world's fifth largest business travel destination. Indian tourism sector is expected to get USD 109.30 billion investment by 2020. The growth of tourism is heavily depended upon the availability and accessibility of financial resources over above the geographic attributes for tourist attractions. West Bengal, a state of India has a great scope to be the destination of tourism due to well developed communication linkss above all its diversified and rich tourism resources such as mountains, sea, jungle, mangrove area, religious sites, heritage, culture, fairs and festivals. Developing tourism and attracting tourists need substantial financing investment. Tourism projects require large initial investment and then tourism business organisations/tourism entrepreneurs need funds for staring entreprises. This paper is an attempt to analyse and understand empirically the financial aspects of the tourism industry of West Bengal. The present study is based on both primary and secondary data. The scope of tourism investment and financing at different nodes of tourism development across West Bengal have been identified on the basis of published reports by the Central Government, the State Government and private institutions. Primary data on financial perspective have been gathered through a survey on selected tourism business organisations/tourism entrepreneurs located in West Bengal to understand their views and opinions regarding tourism in West Bengal. Findings of this paper related to problems and prospects of the financial aspects of tourism shall help to formulate strategy for tourism development in West Bengal at desired level.

Renewable energy policies in promoting financing and investment among the East Asia Summit countries: Quantitative assessment and policy implications

Many countries have implemented various policies for renewable energy development ranging from setting power purchase agreements and the legislation of renewable energy requirements to providing incentives and imposing carbon taxes. The evaluation of the effectiveness of such policies, however, is fragmented, which raises a need for a comprehensive analysis. This paper aims to assess whether and how policies promoting renewable energy investment have achieved the intended goals. It employs five broadly defined criteria - market, uncertainty, profitability, technology, and financial resources - to build an index to assess respectively if such policies have helped create a market for renewable energy, maximize potential profits, reduce risks relating to the investment, develop and adopt new technologies, and improve the access to financial resources. Each criterion is reflected by three indicators. Values of each indicator are converted into ordinal values for analysis. The index not only scans comprehensively all relevant renewable energy investment policies in the East Asia Summit countries, but also provides systematic and quantitative measures to compare the effectiveness of policies in these countries with respect to the creation of market, the degree of uncertainty, the potential of profitability, the development and adoption of technology and the accessibility of financial resources.

Wpływ wielkości banku na jego efektywność: badania dla krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

Although there is a growing body of literature on the impact of bank size on itsstrategy, efficiency, profitability and stability, the results are still inconclusive. Themain advantages of large banks are their capability for product and geographicaldiversification, ability to bear the cost of technological changes and easier accessto financial resources. On the other hand, small banks have a good understandingof local markets, use soft information on their clients more effectively, are basedon relationship banking model, and have much simpler organizational structure.The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of bank size on its efficiency in Centraland East European countries. For that purpose, all commercial banks fromCEE countries were divided into four groups, depending on their size (expressedin absolute and relative terms). Technical and scale efficiency scores for the period2004–2013 were calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis. The main conclusionis that in CEE countries bank size affects the efficiency, particularly if thesize is expressed in absolute terms. There is a positive relationship between banksize and its technical efficiency (especially above a certain limit). The relationshipbetween bank size and scale efficiency is nonlinear: the smallest and the largestbanks have higher scale inefficiency.

Similarities and Differences between Rebels with and without a Cause

Both our articles accept the construct that white officials in black unions were in a contradictory location. In an earlier article I wrote reflecting on the role of white intellectuals in black unions (Maree, 1989a) I also employed Eric Olin Wright’s ‘contradictory locations within class relations’ as a way of understanding the role of white intellectuals. Buhlungu innovatively extends the concept to include class and race relations, which strengthens its analytic power in the South African context. Buhlungu and I agree that white officials played a positive role in the black unions that emerged in the 1970s. Although Buhlungu fairly frequently mentions negative attributes of some white officials, he concludes that, ‘In short, the legacy of white officials in the black union movement was generally a positive one’. He attributes their positive role to the intellectual, strategic and administrative skills they brought to the unions as well as their access to financial resources. I attribute the positive role of white officials to the important role they played in helping to create democratic structures and practices in the black unions as well as helping to build the unions into powerful organizations. We both accept that white officials’ role in the black unions diminished during the 1980s, but for different reasons: Buhlungu attributes it to an increase in the number of young black assertive organic intellectuals who challenged white officials who then ‘retreated’ from the unions. I maintain that it was the objective of most white intellectuals right from the outset to train and develop black workers to take over the running of the unions. Rather than retreat from the unions, white officials could leave the unions