Access Speed Research Articles

A Write-Related and Read-Related DRAM Allocation Strategy Inside Solid-State Drives (SSDs)

Although NAND flash memory has the advantages of small size, low-power consumption, shock resistance, and fast access speed, NAND flash memory still faces the problems of “out-of-place updates,” “garbage collection,” and “unbalanced execution time” due to its hardware limitations. Usually, a flash translation layer (FTL) can maintain the mapping cache (in limited DRAM space) to store the frequently accessed address mapping for “out-of-place updates” and maintain the read/write buffer (in limited DRAM space) to store the frequently accessed data for “garbage collection” and “unbalanced execution time”. In this article, we will propose a write-related and read-related DRAM allocation strategy inside solid-state drives (SSDs). The design idea behind the write-related DRAM allocation method is to calculate the suitable DRAM allocation for the write buffer and the write mapping cache by building a statistical model with a minimum expected value of writes for NAND flash memory. To further reduce reads in NAND flash memory, the design idea behind the read-related DRAM allocation method is to adopt a cost-benefit policy to reallocate the proper DRAM space from the write buffer and the write mapping cache to the read buffer and the read mapping cache, respectively. According to the experimental results, we can demonstrate that the proposed write-related and read-related DRAM allocation strategy can reduce more reads/writes in NAND flash memory than other methods to improve the response time.

An Area Recommendation Method Using Similarity Analysis for Play Patterns in MMORPG

Recently, game companies have been increasingly offering a variety of content in their games. The more this happens, the more players will need to consider what is best for them. Players who have played such a game may not find it difficult to play, but those who are not used to play may have a hard time finding content. Therefore, in this paper, we try to give a customized guide to players in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). We compare the similarity of growth speeds and visited areas, and then utilize this information to recommend the most similar characters. In this work, the K-means algorithm is used for clustering based on location, the Euclidean distance is calculated to recommend similar characters with similar growth speeds. In addition, Jaccard Similarity is introduced to recommend similar characters with similar access areas. Finally, we propose a method to recommend suitable areas by applying the access speed to the recommended characters in the previous steps. Our method achieves Precision and Recall of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively, on the real-life PvE (Player VS Environment) dataset.

Rancangan Aplikasi Autentikasi Surat Digital dengan Metode One Time Password SHA-512 Berbasis Android

Some administrative procedures in many institutes are still carried out conventionally, which is deemed less efficient and takes much time. On the other hand, communication with other parties requires a process of exchanging information, so a system is needed to confirm the validity of the information. Therefore, a digital letter system that can prove the validity of the information gained through the digital media right from the party concerned is developing. This can be overcome using the authentication method. Adding One Time Password (OTP) as an authentication method that employs one temporary password key can be the solution. This study uses the One Time Password (OTP) method as a validation system and the SHA-512 algorithm as an OTP code generator to generate random codes. This system leverages android technology on mobile to ease access to the correspondence administration system to make it easier to visit with features that prioritize information and access speed. This application is implemented at the State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya to improve the administrative process to run more effectively. The black box testing revealed that all available menus and features were appropriate, and the application already had a system that functions according to user needs. Moreover, in the One Time Password generation test with the SHA-512 algorithm, it was determined that the average response time for generating the OTP code was 4.4 seconds in 15 trials, which can be considered fairly accurate.

Landscape design of garden plants based on green and low-carbon energy under the background of big data

Data collection, which is characterized by large capacity, many types, fast access speed and high application value, was first used in the IT industry, and is now rapidly developing into the collection, storage and correlation of data with huge quantities, scattered sources and various formats. Analysis to discover new knowledge, create new value, and enhance new capabilities of a new generation of information technology and service formats. With the continuous advancement of development and construction, the problem of carbon dioxide emissions caused by large-scale development and rapid construction has become more and more prominent, resulting in global warming and the greenhouse effect, triggering the demand for low-carbon garden landscape construction. How to apply the concept of low-carbon construction to the planning and design of garden landscape is a problem that should be considered at present. Therefore, this paper proposes a research on landscape design of garden plants based on green and low-carbon energy in the context of big data. It first analyzes the energy efficiency problem in the era of big data, and then introduces the data envelopment analysis method in detail. After that, the green and low-carbon garden construction was planned, and the construction land, plant selection, materials and other aspects were analyzed. From the final experimental results, it can be known that through the planning and design of low-carbon urban landscaping, its net carbon emissions and carbon emissions have decreased significantly. Green space carbon emissions increased from 303,089.26 to 335,757.06, rising to 32,667.8, which proves the actual effect of low-carbon design and protects the local ecological environment.

Wearable Sensor Technology to Predict Core Body Temperature: A Systematic Review.

Heat-related illnesses, which range from heat exhaustion to heatstroke, affect thousands of individuals worldwide every year and are characterized by extreme hyperthermia with the core body temperature (CBT) usually > 40 °C, decline in physical and athletic performance, CNS dysfunction, and, eventually, multiorgan failure. The measurement of CBT has been shown to predict heat-related illness and its severity, but the current measurement methods are not practical for use in high acuity and high motion settings due to their invasive and obstructive nature or excessive costs. Noninvasive predictions of CBT using wearable technology and predictive algorithms offer the potential for continuous CBT monitoring and early intervention to prevent HRI in athletic, military, and intense work environments. Thus far, there has been a lack of peer-reviewed literature assessing the efficacy of wearable devices and predictive analytics to predict CBT to mitigate heat-related illness. This systematic review identified 20 studies representing a total of 25 distinct algorithms to predict the core body temperature using wearable technology. While a high accuracy in prediction was noted, with 17 out of 18 algorithms meeting the clinical validity standards. few algorithms incorporated individual and environmental data into their core body temperature prediction algorithms, despite the known impact of individual health and situational and environmental factors on CBT. Robust machine learning methods offer the ability to develop more accurate, reliable, and personalized CBT prediction algorithms using wearable devices by including additional data on user characteristics, workout intensity, and the surrounding environment. The integration and interoperability of CBT prediction algorithms with existing heat-related illness prevention and treatment tools, including heat indices such as the WBGT, athlete management systems, and electronic medical records, will further prevent HRI and increase the availability and speed of data access during critical heat events, improving the clinical decision-making process for athletic trainers and physicians, sports scientists, employers, and military officers.

Differential relations of auditory and cognitive functions to speech recognition tasks in adult cochlear implant users

Clinical testing for assessing adult cochlear implant (CI) candidacy and outcomes relies primarily on tasks of open-set recognition for words and sentences. However, it is not clear in what ways performance on these different tasks relates differentially to auditory and cognitive functions. We tested the hypothesis that auditory and cognitive functions would contribute differentially to performance on recognition of isolated words (CID-W22 words), meaningful sentences (Harvard Standard), nonsense sentences (Harvard Anomalous), and sentences with high talker variability (PRESTO) in adult CI users. Sixty-five experienced CI users completed a battery of auditory and cognitive tests to assess auditory spectro-temporal processing, vocabulary size, working memory capacity, inhibition-concentration, nonverbal reasoning, and speed of lexical access. Findings were that spectro-temporal processing, lexical access speed, and nonverbal reasoning predicted scores across all word and sentence recognition tests. In contrast, inhibition-concentration contributed to nonsense sentence recognition, while vocabulary knowledge contributed to high talker variability sentence recognition. Results suggest that there is a core set of auditory and cognitive functions that contribute broadly to speech recognition, while more specific cognitive functions contribute to performance on some speech recognition tasks. Clinical implications are that individual cognitive abilities should be considered when evaluating CI candidacy and outcomes.

Evaluation of the Best E-commerce Websites in Malaysia Using Fuzzy AHP

E-commerce, often known as electronic commerce, is a method of doing business that involves purchasing and selling products and services via a digital network like the internet. Since there are various types of e-commerce websites in Malaysia like Lazada, Shopee and PGMall, the consumers have difficulties choosing which e-commerce websites to access for online shopping. The organisation also finds it hard to make a judgement about which sites to use for their online transaction and human judgement for decision making is not reliable in our daily life. The Fuzzy AHP method was used in this study to select the best e-commerce websites in Malaysia. The research aim is to determine the criteria when choosing e-commerce websites, identify sub-criteria that impact e-commerce website rankings and investigate the best rank of e-commerce in Malaysia. In this study, two decision-makers examine three criteria and eight sub-criteria to determine the best e-commerce websites in Malaysia. There are three websites to choose from Shopee, Lazada, and PGMall. The criteria are system quality, information quality, and service quality. Besides, the sub-criteria are access speed, visual appearance, response time, reliable information, update information, accurate information, tracking order status, and payment alternatives. The primary data was used by distributing a set of questionnaires to the experts in the field. Shopee is the best e-commerce website in Malaysia, according to the results, with a normalised score of 0.4488. Lazada comes in second with a normalised 0.4360, and PGMall with a normalised 0.1153. As a result, Shopee outperforms the other two online transaction platforms, Lazada and PGMall.

A New Perspective in the Sociology of Health: The Health Capital

Bu makale, sağlığı, özellikle de son yıllarda sınırları giderek genişleyen sağlıkta deneyimlenen eşitsizliği, Fransız sosyolog Pierre Bourdieu’nün geliştirdiği kavramsal araçlarla ele alıyor. Makale, tıpkı ekonomik sermaye ya da kültürel sermaye gibi, sağlığın da özgün bir sermaye türü olarak kavramsallaştırılması mümkün mü sorusunu soruyor. Makale ilk olarak, sağlık sosyolojisinin ana hatlarına odaklanıp, Durkheim’dan Foucault’ya uzanan çizgide sağlığın nasıl ele alındığına açıklık getiriyor. Ardından da sağlık sosyolojisinin omurgasını teşkil eden üç ana araştırma alanına ışık tutuyor. Sosyolojinin temel olarak sağlığın toplumsal köklerine, sağlıktaki dizginlenemeyen metalaşma sürecine ve sağlığın iktidarla olan ilişkisine dair yürüttüğü araştırmaları örneklerle açıklıyor. Makalede üçüncü olarak, sağlık sosyolojisi külliyatına Pierre Bourdieu’nün geliştirdiği ilişkisel sosyoloji yaklaşımının yapabileceği katkılar tartışılıyor. Son olarak ise ilişkisel sosyolojinin merkezi kavramlarından biri olan sermayenin, özgün bir iktidar türü olarak sağlığı inceleyebilmek için sunabileceği imkanlara açıklık getiriliyor. Sağlık sermayesi, ekonomik sermayenin ve kültürel sermayenin dönüşmüş halidir; bedenin biyolojik varoluşunu kontrol edebilme kapasitesini, olası risklere karşı önceden önlem alma ayrıcalığını ve gerektiğinde nitelikli tedaviye ve uzman görüşüne ulaşabilme düzeyini ve hızını ifade eder. Böylesi bir yaklaşım, sağlık alanında muayene, tetkik, ameliyat, tedavi ve tavsiye biçiminde somutlaşan üretimin, toplumsal uzama dağılmasıyla oluşan eşitsizliğin ampirik olarak ölçülebilip gözlemlenebilmesini sağlar. Bu aynı zamanda, sağlığın hem ekonomik iktidardan bağımsız hem de yönetimselliğin dışında, özgün bir iktidar türü olarak yeniden düşünülmesine de mümkün kılar.

Consumer Behavior in Adopting Application-Based Transportation Services

With the rapid development and use of information technology in various fields, who can say that information technology is the main pillar that provides added value to society in the development process towards a developed nation? Moreover, information technology has entered all fields or sectors, especially transportation. One transportation service that takes advantage of the speed of access to information is the JAKET application-based transportation. The urgency of this study is to determine the level of acceptance of consumer technology in adopting JAKET application-based transportation services using the UTAUT 2 model approach. The sample used in this study was 120 respondents who used the JAKET application. The data collection process will be carried out from January to February 2021. The data collection used a survey with 33 question constructs, summarized in eight manifest variables. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling with a variance-based or component-based approach with Partial Least Square. This study's results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and perceived risk significantly affect behavioral intention. Following that, there was no significant influence of social influence, facilitating conditions, or behavioral intention habits.

Development Of Website-Based Management Information Systems for Building Construction

Project managers are generally constrained by limited time and location to monitor the implementation of daily construction tasks. This problem makes monitoring and coordination run slowly. By utilizing internet technology, the author aims to develop an online management information system that computers or smartphones can access for stakeholders. This research aims to ease tasks such as progress reports and field monitoring with a database that can store soft copies of project data on one server. The analysis follows the waterfall method, requirements, design, coding, and testing in the local server, then uploads the .php index to the database server. This website application helps managers, owners, and other employees by facilitating the process of monitoring, reporting, and discussing even remotely. Using programs such as HTML, PHP, and MySQL, the author developed a website that speeds up the managerial process and creates a database server for storing digital documents. Users of this application were assessed a scale of 1 to 5: Interface design: 4.25, User-friendliness: 4.5, Facilities: 4, Access speed: 3.25, so it has an overall score of 4.25 out of 5.

Quantify the Behaviour Intention of Individuals to Control SC Performance by Exploring Cloud Storage Services

The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) is explored as a theoretical background to build extended UTAUT2 model with relevant variables for examining the cloud storage services technology acceptance at individual level to respond the current and future SCM operations. The research employed purposive sampling method for data collection. The questionnaire is distributed in booklet format to participants who had experienced in using online cloud storage service platforms (e.g., Google Drive, Microsoft One Drive, etc.). The data are collected from participates dwelling at Chennai metropolitan in South India. The data is analysed by using structural equation modelling technique through Smart PLS 2 software. The performance expectancy, social influence, trust, and perceived speed of access are found to be the strong significant determinants affecting and changing the behavioural intention of individual (customers) towards using cloud storage service technology in managing own firm SCM networks and operations.

Student perceptions of reading digital texts for university study

An increasingly important aspect of undergraduate study is the ability to deal with reading academic texts digitally. Whilst the literature suggests that students prefer reading print texts (Foasberg, 2014; Mizrachi, 2015) and often have a deeper level of engagement with texts in this medium (Mangen et al., 2013; Delgado et al., 2018), the reality is that, for most students, digital texts are the norm. Study guides often focus on reading strategies that are considered broadly applicable to both digital and print formats. However, the differences between the two mediums are likely to impact on the strategies used, with students developing their own approaches as they gain more experience. In this paper, we present findings from a study exploring students’ perspectives and practices in relation to digital reading. We carried out focus group interviews with 20 students in their second or final year of undergraduate degree programmes. Our analysis reveals that reading texts digitally does indeed form the bulk of students’ reading activity, with ease and speed of accessibility, cost, and environmental considerations influencing this choice, and in some cases, precluding reading in print. However, despite the prominence of digital reading, some aspects of print reading – in particular the scope for more sustained focus, detailed reading and enjoyment of the experience – were highly valued by the students. Students’ approaches to reading digital texts varied depending on reading purpose, but, in general, students had developed a range of techniques to help them navigate digital reading.

DIGITAL CONSTITUTIONALISM ERA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING LAW IN INDONESIA

Digitalisation has changed, bringing the world in an almost borderless direction, and impacting various fields. Banking law in particular has been disrupted by the rapid development of digitalisation, as well as shifting paradigms of thinking across the banking world. As a result of the digital economy era, conventional banking services have been forced to adapt to the development of the concept of digital constitutionalism. The digital economy era must provide better banking services to guarantee the protection of citizens’ constitutional rights, especially related to the use of technology in banking services. This concept of the digital economy must be able to improve the quality of banking services in terms of ease and speed of access, efficiency, effectiveness, and optimal management of risk. Thus, it is expected that the development of the era of digital constitutionalism in banking law in Indonesia can provide a more optimal guarantee of protection of future constitutional rights protection for its citizens. This study describes the transitional process of the digital constitutionalism era in the development of banking law in Indonesia as a factual condition by using normative juridical research methods and library approaches, as well as comparative approaches. The study finds that the development of the digital constitutionalism era in banking law in Indonesia has progressed rapidly. This progress has benefitted users of banking services, but it also has led to a residual deviant behaviour due to the ease of access to technology.

The Impact of Academic Information System to Students’ Satisfaction in Higher Education

Academic information systems reflect the quality of management of a college and are one of the efforts of educational institutions to provide quality services to provide convenience and comfort to students. There are obstacles such as the difficulty of controlling the scheduling of courses and information that is less updated on academic information systems. This study aims to determine how much influence the academic information system has on student satisfaction. This study uses a type of research based on a quantitative approach. The research subjects were bachelor and graduate school students from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. The data collection method used a questionnaire. Data processing techniques and data analysis using simple linear regression formulas. The results showed that (i) there was a significant influence between the implementation of academic information systems on the level of satisfaction of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta bachelor and graduate school students amount 41% (ii) supporting and inhibiting factors perceived by students in the implementation of academic information systems found in speed, timeliness, and ease of access. This article has empirical contributions related to academic information systems in higher education and can be used as insights for policy holders in universities in making policies.

Techniques to Improve Write and Retention Reliability of STT-MRAM Memory Subsystem

Spin transfer torque magneto-resistive random-access memory (STT-MRAM) has many advantages, such as scalability, persistence, practically infinite endurance, and fast access speed, that make it a promising and emerging technology for memory. However, this technology has multiple reliability issues, such as read and write reliability, higher write power, and long write latency, etc. At elevated temperatures, these issues exacerbate further. As the temperature increases massively in the latest compute nodes, we need to study and understand the effect of temperature on STT-MRAM memory writes and reliability. In this article, we propose the temperature-aware memory controller (MC) and device architecture techniques specific to STT-MRAM technology, which can improve write reliability, retention reliability, and memory power without sacrificing the performance. Our simulation results show that the proposed techniques cumulatively improve the write bit error rate (BER) on an average by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$603\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> , increase retention reliability by 65%, along with 27% power reduction and 5.8% improved system performance over the baseline STT-MRAM-based memory subsystem.

A Big Data Security Architecture Based on Blockchain and Trusted Data Cloud Center

In view of the shortcomings of big data security and privacy protection in cloud environment, a big data security architecture was proposed in this paper. Based on blockchain technology and trusted data cloud center, data security architecture adopts the ideas of trusted authentication, intrusion detection, data segmentation, and decentralized storage and applies Amazon AWS log processing service, PairHand user authentication protocol, and Hadoop data analysis framework to realize dig data security and privacy protection in the cloud environment. This paper realizes system initialization and user authentication, hierarchical data storage, decentralized storage, and user security access. The experimental results show that the system architecture can ensure data security and data access speed, which can provide necessary reference for cloud security.

Intelligent Replica Selection in Edge and IoT Environments Using Artificial Neural Networks

Cloud, edge and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have emerged to overcome the challenges involved in sharing computational resources and information services. Within generic cloud systems, two models have been identified as having widespread applicability: computation clouds and data clouds. A data cloud is cloud computing that aims to manage, unify and operate multiple data workloads. Many current applications generate datasets consisting of petabytes (PB) of information. Managing large datasets is a complex issuel; in particular, datasets associated with many applications can be distributed widely in geographical terms, particularly in IoT systems. Edge and IoT systems are facing new challenges with increased complexity, making scalability an important issue that will affect the performance of the system. Data replication services are widely accepted techniques to improve availability and fault tolerance, and to improve the data access time. Current replication services, however, often exhibit an increase in response time, reflecting the problems associated with the ever-increasing size of databases. This paper proposes a prediction model to predict replica locations using the files’ access profile, which feeds the neural networks with the access and location behavior (file profile) to minimize the overhead of transferring large volumes of data, which slows down the system and requires careful management. This new model has shown high accuracy and low overheads. The result shows a significant improvement in total task execution time using the proposed model for locating files by 16.34% and 30.45%; in addition, the results show bandwidth improvement by 24.7% and 49.4% compared to the user profile prediction model and replica service model without prediction, respectively. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can improve data access speed, reduce data access latency and decrease bandwidth consumption.

Secure Data Transfer and Deletion from Counting Bloom Filter In Cloud Computing

Due to the growing growth of circulating storage, more and more content owners are choosing to relocate their files to cloud servers, which can significantly restrict the capacity of the nearby infrastructure. Moving information out of the cloud has become essential for information owners wishing to transform cloud-based cooperatives since different cloud-based groups offer varying degrees of information inventory management, such as security, reliability, speed of access, and pricing. As a result, a major challenge for evidence owners is figuring out how to gradually transfer data from one cloud to another while instantly erasing the transferred data from the first cloud. In this paper, we suggest a method for counting books based on Bloom channels to address this issue. The suggested strategy can ensure super-permanent information eradication in addition to secure information transfer. Additionally, the suggested architecture might take care of the uncontested requirements of public status without a problem with outsourcing. Finally, we will run a model to assess the viability and efficiency of our suggestion.

The need to consider return to work as a main outcome in patients undergoing surgery for diffuse low-grade glioma: a systematic review.

For a long time, return to work (RTW) has been neglected in patients harboring a diffuse low-grade glioma (LGG). However, a majority of LGG patients worked at time of diagnosis. Moreover, these patients now live longer given current treatment paradigms, especially thanks to early maximal surgery. We systematically searched available medical databases for studies that reported data on RTW in patients who underwent resection for LGG. A total of 30 studies were selected: 19 considered RTW (especially rate and timing) as an outcome and 11 used scales of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) which included work-related aspects. Series that considered RTW as a main endpoint were composed of 1014 patients, with postoperative RTW rates ranging from 31 to 97.1% (mean 73.1%). Timing to RTW ranged from 15days to 22months (mean 6.3months). Factors related to an increased proportion of RTW were: younger age, better neurologic status, having a white-collar occupation, working pre-operatively, being the sole breadwinner, the use of awake surgery, and greater extent of resection. Female sex, older age, poor neurologic status, pre-operative history of work absences, slow lexical access speed, and postoperative seizures were negatively related to RTW. No studies that used HRQoL scales directly investigated RTW rate or timing. RTW was scarcely analyzed in LGG patients who underwent resection. However, because they are usually young, with no or only mild functional deficits and have a longer life expectancy, postoperative RTW should be assessed more systematically and accurately as a main outcome. As majority (61.5-100%) of LGG patients were working at time of surgery, the responsibility of neurosurgeons is to bring these patients back to their previous activities according to his/her wishes. RTW might also be included as a critical endpoint for future prospective studies and randomized control trials on LGGs.

Mixed-methods evaluation of a nurse-led allergy clinic model in primary care: Feasibility trial.

It is now widely acknowledged that there are serious shortcomings in allergy care provision for patients seen in primary care. We sought to assess the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a new nurse-led allergy service in primary care, measured by recruitment, retention and estimates of the potential impact of the intervention on disease-specific quality of life. Mixed-methods evaluation of a nurse-led primary care-based allergy clinic in Edinburgh, UK undertaken during the period 2017-2021 with a focus on suspected food allergy and atopic eczema in young children, allergic rhinitis in children and young people, and suspected anaphylaxis in adults. Prior to March 2020, patients were seen face-to-face (Phase 1). Due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, recruitment was halted between March-August 2020, and a remote clinic was restarted in September 2020 (Phase 2). Disease-specific quality of life was measured at baseline and 6-12weeks post intervention using validated instruments. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed. We undertook interviews with 16 carers/patients and nine healthcare professionals, which were thematically analysed. During Phase 1, 426/506 (84%) referred patients met the eligibility criteria; 40/46 (87%) of Phase 2 referrals were eligible. Males and females were recruited in approximately equal numbers. The majority (83%) of referrals were for possible food allergy or anaphylaxis. Complete data were available for 338/426 (79%) patients seen in Phase 1 and 30/40 (75%) in Phase 2. Compared with baseline assessments, there were improvements in disease-specific quality of life for most categories of patients. Patients/carers and healthcare professionals reported high levels of satisfaction, this being reinforced by the qualitative interviews in which convenience and speed of access to expert opinion, the qualityof the consultation, and patient/care empowerment were particularly emphasised. This large feasibility trial has demonstrated that it is possible to recruit, deliver and retain individuals into a nurse-led allergy clinic with both face-to-face and remote consultations. Our data indicate that the intervention was considered acceptable to patients/carers and healthcare professionals. The before-after data of disease-specific quality of life suggest that the intervention may prove effective, but this now needs to be confirmed through a formal randomised controlled trial. ClinicalTrials.gov reference NCT03826953.