Access Rights Research Articles

Predictive algorithms and racial bias: a qualitative descriptive study on the perceptions of algorithm accuracy in higher education

PurposeThis study aims to explore the perception of algorithm accuracy among data professionals in higher education.Design/methodology/approachSocial justice theory guided the qualitative descriptive study and emphasized four principles: access, participation, equity and human rights. Data collection included eight online open-ended questionnaires and six semi-structured interviews. Participants included higher education professionals who have worked with predictive algorithm (PA) recommendations programmed with student data.FindingsParticipants are aware of systemic and racial bias in their PA inputs and outputs and acknowledge their responsibility to ethically use PA recommendations with students in historically underrepresented groups (HUGs). For some participants, examining these topics through the lens of social justice was a new experience, which caused them to look at PAs in new ways.Research limitations/implicationsSmall sample size is a limitation of the study. Implications for practice include increased stakeholder training, creating an ethical data strategy that protects students, incorporating adverse childhood experiences data with algorithm recommendations, and applying a modified critical race theory framework to algorithm outputs.Originality/valueThe study explored the perception of algorithm accuracy among data professionals in higher education. Examining this topic through a social justice lens contributes to limited research in the field. It also presents implications for addressing racial bias when using PAs with students in HUGs.

A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION IN MALAYSIA?

At the time of writing, for all intents and purposes, Malaysia does not expressly and incontrovertibly acknowledge the right of access to information. This article seeks to argue that Malaysia should recognise such a right. This article explores how such a right would be consistent with international human rights standards, regional human rights standards, Malaysia’s Cabinet policy decision on 11th July 2018, and the Federal Government’s current freedom of information practices. This article also examines how the Judiciary has in the past indicated its openness to the existence and/or applicability of such a right within Malaysian jurisprudence. This article lastly looks into how the right of access to information can become a constitutional right in Malaysia by way of judicial recognition and/or constitutional amendment.

LEGAL REGULATION OF ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY SECTOR

The article analyzes the doctrinal foundations of technological connection as an institution of energy legislation, as well as its main features and problems of law enforcement. At the same time, the multidimensional nature of this institution is emphasized, in particular, including technological, economic and legal aspects. The expediency of legislative consolidation of the right of access to energy infrastructure for consumers of energy and energy resources, which must be distinguished from factual (technological) actions aimed at its implementation, is shown. The possible cases of denial of access to technological infrastructure and their consequences are analyzed, the need for regulation of such consequences for network and resource transportation organizations is shown. From the doctrinal and law enforcement positions, the question of the legal nature of the technological connection agreement is investigated, while the impossibility of its legal qualification as a sui generis contract is shown. The legal qualification of the contract for technological connection is related to the issue of the customer’s right to unilaterally refuse to execute the contract for technological connection, which is an important element of its legal status. When studying the issue of alienation of the right to the connected capacity, it is concluded that its alienation is permissible, provided that mechanisms are created to prevent abuse of the right in this area.

An intelligent system with fuzzy-based inference engine for secured tele-robotic surgery

A new era of technological developments has been ushered in by the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), with telerobotic systems significantly contributing to the automation of crucial medical, diagnostic, and pharmaceutical processes. This study presents a thorough analysis of access control mechanisms in the context of the IoT to improve the security and usability of these cutting-edge technologies. The Fuzzy Logic Trust-Based Access Control Algorithm (FL-TACA) offers a novel strategy that optimizes energy efficiency and allocates access rights. It offers low-latency operations and data security as a secure communication solution for the telerobotics community. The technique decreases vulnerabilities to denial of service, eavesdropping, and replay attacks by allocating access permissions based on the least privileges. Finally, integrating FL-TACA promises to improve the caliber and effectiveness of patient care by enabling intelligent and independent activities that lessen the workload on medical staff.

Use of firewood in an indigenous community from the Sierra Norte de Puebla: a gender perspective on the access to natural resources

Objective: To analyze several key elements in order to understand the rights of use, access, and ownership of natural resources, based on the social roles assigned to each gender in the community of Reyeshogpan, Puebla, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: A participant observation methodology was used, complemented by the application of 24 semi-structured interviews in local households. Results: The surface ranges of the plots are 0.25 ± 3.0 ha. Out of all the interviewees, 40.79% own less than 0.5 ha, which is not enough to cover their annual energy needs (10,752 m3 per household). Therefore, they rent and loan their land, as well as purchase of firewood. Regarding the access to land category, 82.14% is owned by men and 17.86% by women. However, this percentage of female holders does not imply that they can exercise their rights as owners, because the land is generally administered by men. This situation confirms that the access to land influences the availability of firewood and its energy use. Study Limitations/Implications: The information provided by the interviewees was the basis for the analysis of the use and amount of firewood used by households; however, the interviewees may have underestimated or overestimated the amounts. Findings/Conclusions: In the Reyeshogpan community, the gathering of firewood is carried out according to gender, based on the physical differences between men and women. Tasks specifically assigned to men are related to their physical strength, while the tasks performed by women are considered complementary and are not given any economic value.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENGARSIPAN SURAT PT.PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VII BAGIAN KANTOR KOMODITI TEH 2

Information systems are connected components that work together to collect, process, store and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control and to provide an overview of activities within the company, especially in archiving mail data. Archives are documentation of activities or events packaged in various forms made and received by institutions. In a company, data archives are one of the important points that are very influential. PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII, especially the Tea Commodity Office 2 which is in charge of controlling plantations in West Java, should have a modern and structured letter data archiving information system, but in fact the data is not organized and can even be accessed by anyone. A letter archive information system application is needed so that it can help overcome obstacles in managing documents properly and limiting access rights. The application design is made object oriented using UML (Unified Modeling Language) using the Waterfall method because this method can develop software that allows system development to be carried out in a structured and systematic manner.

Development Of MAC-Based Smarthome Access Rights Authentication (Media Access Control) Address

This study seeks to understand the purpose of using the ESP32 module as a control center in the electronic equipment control system on Smarthome and to ascertain the outcomes of the application design by utilizing Mac Address as Authentication Access rights to control electronic equipment. A methods for gathering data utilized literary analysis. In this study, access rights authentication was conducted on the software, and two hardware test, manual mode testing and automatic mode testing, were applied. Software testing was done by registering the user and Mac address of the device by the admin, then the data is stored in the firebase. In software testing, three smartphones were used whose MAC addresses were registered by the administrator. Each registered device was tried to log in ten times, and the success rate was 100%. In contrast, three devices' MAC addresses were not registered, and they were unable to log in ten times, with a 100% failure rate. Hardware testing is carried out by manual testing mode, in manual model testing the input from the controller application is in accordance with the prototype output, while automatic mode testing is carried out based on conditions at room temperature, namely in room conditions > 30 then the fan turns on automatically, the temperature room <30 the lights turn on automatically, so the automatic mode test has been matched to the output of the prototype. Based on the results of the study, a control system was produced with a MAC Address as an id and a user to login to an application called “Controller” which can be used to control electronic equipment in the house.

Bioethics and the right of access to health care.

Access to health care is a universal human right and therefore should not be treated as a commodity only accessible to people with the economic means to acquire it. This study adopts a theoretical framework based on UNESCO's Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. The discussion first explores the rationale for choosing human rights as a foundation for such an endeavor. Secondly, the notion of equity is presented as an indispensable principle that should be incorporated into such discussions, reinforcing the understanding that unequal people and populations must be treated in a differentiated and compensatory manner, with the aim of seeking true equality based on the humanitarian recognition of every individual's rights, accounting for their needs and differences. Thirdly, the text seeks to address the complex problem of prioritizing the allocation of scarce resources in order to ensure access to health care for as many people as possible. In summary, this article intends to demonstrate that access to health care for all people, regardless of their income level, should be considered to be a universal human right. Beyond the obligations of governments and the private sector to support inclusive programs, there is also a need to acknowledge social movements' legitimate struggles for achieving better living conditions and health outcomes for all people, without exception.

Access to the Civil Service in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Access to the public service is a guaranteed right for all Congolese in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This right of access to the public service is framed by legal texts which determine the conditions of recruitment to the public service, the methods of recruitment … in Congolese law, there are several legal texts relating to the statutes of the public service. As a result, this study is particularly structured around law n°16/013 of July 15, 2016 on the status of career agents in the State's public services. Thus, within the framework of this study, removed the prolegomena, we deciphered the question of the access to the public service in Congolese Positive Law, by making a taxonomy of the related conditions and by elaborating on the recruitment as a modality of access to the civil service in accordance with the legal texts in this case. In order to carry out this study, we have recourse from time to time to Comparative Law. These are the main features of this study.

IP Law and Policy for the Data Economy in the EU

Abstract The current policy vision for Europe’s digital future centres around facilitating the availability of data by means of data access, sharing, and portability rights. In the existing legal framework, such rights are already foreseen in different legal instruments. In actual practice, however, (horizontal) data sharing is governed in the first place by contracts. Currently, well-established business practices and non-mandatory model contract terms are lacking. To reduce transaction costs and chilling effects in the sector, the main task would therefore be to provide a set of non-mandatory default rules or soft-law model contracts. The database maker’s sui generis right or trade secrets protection, mainstays of this area, have the potential to aggravate access problems and hamper efficient access and portability regimes. While the Trade Secrets Directive as a very modern and necessarily flexible instrument, on principle, is rather well-equipped for achieving balanced results, the Database Directive is in imminent need of reform, in particular as even the Data Act Proposal leaves many issues of the database sui generis right unsolved.

DESIGN AND BUILD AN OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT RENTAL INFORMATION SYSTEM BY APPLYING THE FIRST IN FIRST OUT ALGORITHM

The rental system currently implemented at Mandala Outdoor Equipement requires customers who want to rent outdoor equipment to come directly or via telephone/WA communication to Mandala Outdoor Equipement. Rental of outdoor equipment sometimes causes problems, such as customers who are disappointed because they were previously confirmed to be able to rent outdoor equipment, after receiving information that they could not or that it was canceled by the provider because it turned out the stock had run out, even though this happens. After all, sometimes they prioritize renters with proximity factors because of the courage of new renters. with higher rental costs. Based on these existing problems, this research aims to build a website-based information system by applying the First in First Out (FIFO) algorithm for outdoor equipment rental at Mandala Outdoor Equipment. The method used in this research is the waterfall method. The result of this research is an outdoor equipment rental application by applying the FIFO algorithm to the web-based Mandala Outdoor Equipment so that rentals can be done via the website (anywhere and at any time) and rentals are served according to the rental time sequence (First in First Out). From the results of testing the application using a separate black box, seen from the functional aspect, both features and access rights, everything went well, successfully, and validly.

Web Application Based Food Ordering and Sales in Campus Environment

We developed a Web Application-based Ordering and Sales System within the campus environment to facilitate the ordering and sales process. Our goal is to provide convenience to admins, users and customers with guaranteed access rights. The food menu list is clearly displayed to make it easier for users to place orders online. Customers can easily order food online without having to come to the location, and transactions can be made anytime and anywhere. Our Web Application development uses programming languages such as CSS, HTML, and PHP. Direct surveys were also conducted for research development. Our hope is to provide a better experience for users, admins and customers and keep customer data secure. The development of a Web Application-based Ordering and Sales System aims to provide convenience and comfort to admins, users and customers in making the process of ordering food online and ensuring data security from users.

Empowering Through Law: Environmental NGOs as Regulatory Intermediaries in EU Nature Governance

AbstractPrivate ‘bottom-up’ enforcement has been central to the efforts of the European Union (EU) to promote effective compliance with its ambitious environmental laws. This approach is strengthened by the EU's implementation of the Aarhus Convention, which aims to democratize environmental enforcement by conferring citizens and environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) with legal rights of access to environmental information, rights of public participation, and rights of access to justice (the so-called ‘Aarhus mechanisms’). This article empirically assesses the extent to which the Aarhus mechanisms empower ENGOs to take an active role in the private enforcement of the EU Habitats and Birds Directives. Based on 75 surveys and 30 interviews with ENGOs from three Member States (France, Ireland, the Netherlands), we apply regulatory intermediary theory to show how European ENGOs play a vital role in intermediating between (i) EU Member States and their citizens, (ii) the EU and individual citizens, and even (iii) the EU and its Member States. We bring new empirical insights into the role of law as an enabler of regulatory intermediaries, and its potential as a tool for orchestrating regulatory intermediaries.

The right of access of water and sanitation (ECPRD Request No. 5301)

The right of access of water and sanitation (ECPRD Request No. 5301)

Analysis of the concept of «access to court» in judicial practice

The right to access to justice is an element of the inalienable right of a citizen, a right protected by the constitution itself. The principles governing the rights of access to justice are the inalienability of the jurisdiction from which the constitutional processes are initiated, enshrining the guarantee of the fundamental right. From this analysis, it is intended to question the guarantees and principles that provide for human rights, supported by judicial guarantees, in order to fully implement basic and social rights that raise, develop, guarantee the maximum amount of life in its fullness. Access to justice does not mean that it merely provides an opportunity to initiate proceedings, but rather that the process achieves a just, satisfactory and effective resolution.
 Access to justice has two main goals: the first is that the judicial system is accessible and egalitarian for all citizens, and the second is that outcomes are fair to individuals in society. The concept of access to justice has undergone several transformations over time. One perspective was to guarantee the citizen access to the judiciary and consider it as an instrument of jurisdiction with social goals, forcing the population to assert more and more of their rights, using the legal process as a means. However, access to justice is a fundamental right of great importance, it is a public right, which a democratic legal state is obliged to guarantee and ensure; This is a subjective right that is part of human dignity.
 Every person has the right to demand from the state proper protection of his rights and maximum space for the court. Based on this statement, it is the duty of the state to structure itself in such a way as to exercise judicial rights through the pedagogy of improving and modernizing the legal order, considering the parameters of justice, efficiency and speed.

Protection of Tourism Rights for Persons with Disabilities

People with disabilities in Indonesia still experience difficulties in benefiting from the facilities at tourist attractions. The matter is not only related to tourist attractions but most of the supporting facilities for the implementation of tourism activities such as hotels, tour packages and adequate means of transportation are also difficult to find for persons with disabilities to support tourism activities. Motivated by these matters, there are two issues examined in the study: (1) how is the protection of persons with disabilities legally regulated in Indonesia? (2) How is the fulfillment of tourism rights for persons with disabilities in Indonesia implemented?. The method used in this study is empirical juridical research method. Data for the research were collected using field data collection technique and library data collection technique. The data were processed and analyzed qualitatively and presented in a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study are: first, the essence of protecting the right to carry out tourism activities, especially in the provision of tourism accessibility rights for persons with disabilities is a form of Indonesian state’s obligation to provide respect, protection and respect for human rights for all its citizens without discrimination in order to realize welfare for persons with disabilities. This proportion is regulated in Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities, Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism, and Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 42 of 2020 concerning Accessibility to Settlements, Public Services, and Protection from Disasters for Persons with Disabilities. Second, the fulfillment of tourism rights for persons with disabilities in Indonesia has not been implemented properly. These obstacles are caused by the absence of legal certainty guarantees regarding regulations on the minimum standards of accessibility rights for persons with disabilities. As a result, in practice, there are still many public facilities supporting tourism activities that are inaccessible to persons with disabilities. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to have mandatory minimum standards that must be met so that persons with disabilities can enjoy traveling activities safely and comfortably.

Interwoven Landscapes: Gender and Land in the Kafue Flats, Zambia

This paper examines changes in formal and informal land access rules for women in the Kafue Flats of southern Zambia and identifies alternatives to land privatization. In rural African communities dependent on subsistence production, access to common pool resources (CPRs) such as fisheries, wildlife or wild fruits made an important contribution to household food and nutritional security. In the pre-colonial period, the use of agricultural land and associated CPRs was governed by local institutions of common property, characterized by more-than-human relationships embedded in the local animistic ontology. To examine how women’s pre-colonial access rights were increasingly disregarded in the wake of new statutory laws, we analyzed qualitative ethnographic data on livelihoods and food security from three time periods between 2002 and 2018. The findings show how customary law land tenure has remained important, despite being complemented by statutory law designed to also protect women’s property rights. We conclude that women’s customary access rights to land and CPRs must be taken into account in the drafting of formal legislation, as suggested by successful examples of bottom-up institution building in other regions.

The struggle for forest tenure in Myanmar: voices from the 2019 forest rules consultation

ABSTRACT This study furthers the literature on forest devolution in authoritarian states where colonial legacies of forest management favour government and commercial extraction over community-based forest tenure rights. The research analyses the 2019 nationwide consultation process for the implementation regulations (or Rules) of the Myanmar Forest Law. It examines the consultation process and how a crucial aspect of the feedback process stymied even a limited devolution of forest access rights to local communities. The study concludes that consultation processes in authoritarian states can result in forest devolution, but careful and strategic attention must be given to how such a process is both structured in wider policy engagement and how documented feedback is incorporated back into the regulatory framework.

Aplikasi Handling Problem Unit IT Infrastruktur Divisi Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Pada Bpd Sumsel Babel Berbasis Website

The Regional Development Bank (BPD) of South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung (Sumsel Babel) is a financial institution with a complex and important IT infrastructure system in its operations. The purpose of this research is to develop an application that can help in handling these problems. The method used in this research is the waterfall method which consists of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The proposed solution design is a website-based problem handling application. This application will provide access to the IT Infrastructure Team to submit problem reports and monitor repair status in real-time. Additionally, this application will also be equipped with user management features, access rights management, and notification systems that will inform users of repair status. It is hoped that with this application, the efficiency and effectiveness of IT infrastructure problem handling can be better, thus speeding up response time in problem solving and increasing customer satisfaction. In conclusion, the use of website-based problem handling applications at the Regional Development Bank (BPD) of South Sumatra and Bangka Belitung (Sumsel Babel) can help improve the performance of the IT infrastructure unit of the Technology and Information Systems Division, thereby expected to better meet user needs.

The Intersection of Law and Health: Safeguarding Public Welfare

The intersection of law and health is a critical aspect of safeguarding public welfare. This article explores the multifaceted relationship between law and health, emphasizing the key areas where legal principles and regulations contribute to protecting the well-being of individuals and communities. Effective health legislation and regulatory frameworks establish guidelines and standards for healthcare services, ensuring their safety, equity, and quality. Public health laws enable disease control measures, vaccination programs, and health promotion initiatives, reducing preventable illnesses and improving public health outcomes. Medical ethics and legal considerations guide healthcare professionals in upholding principles such as informed consent, patient confidentiality, and end-of-life decisions, safeguarding patient rights and trust. Law also plays a significant role in promoting healthcare access, equity, and human rights. Medical malpractice laws are also discussed in this paper which establish standards of care, deter negligence, and provide compensation for patients harmed by medical errors, promoting accountability and patient safety.