Provision Of Access Research Articles

Documentary Resources of the Institute of the Presidency in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Forms of Preservation and Provision of Access

Documentary Resources of the Institute of the Presidency in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Forms of Preservation and Provision of Access

Provider beliefs about the ideal design of an opioid deprescribing and substitution intervention for older adults.

Opportunities exist to meaningfully reduce suboptimal prescription opioid use among older adults. Deprescribing is one possible approach to reducing suboptimal use. Appropriate interventions should outline how to carefully taper opioids, closely monitor adverse events, substitute viable alternative and affordable nonopioid pain treatments, and initiate medications for opioid use disorder to properly manage use disorders, as needed. We sought to document and understand provider perceptions to begin developing effective and safe opioid deprescribing interventions. We conducted 3 semistructured focus groups that covered topics such as participant perspectives on opioid deprescribing in older adults, how to design an ideal intervention, and how to identify potential barriers or facilitators in implementing an intervention. Focus group transcripts were double coded and qualitatively analyzed to identify overarching themes. Healthcare providers (n = 17), including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, social workers, and administrative staff, participated in 3 focus groups. We identified 4 key themes: (1) involve pharmacists in deprescribing and empower them as leaders of an opioid deprescribing service; (2) ensure tight integration and close collaboration throughout the deprescribing process from the inpatient to outpatient settings; (3) more expansive inclusion criteria than age alone; and (4) provision of access to alternative pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain management modalities to patients. Our findings, which highlight various healthcare provider beliefs about opioid deprescribing interventions, are expected to serve as a framework for other organizations to develop and implement interventions. Future studies should incorporate patients' and family caregivers' perspectives.

THE NECESSITY OF INTRODUCTION THE DRUG INSURANCE SYSTEM IN ARMENIA

The increase in the cost of the medicinal component of the treatment, the spread of chronic diseases, and the maintenance of socio-economic inequality in access to health services require the provision of adequate access to medicines. These issues create prerequisites for the improvement of the state health policy and, first, the drug supply system, which is an integral part of the treatment process. The financing of healthcare in Armenia is mainly formed from budget allocations and out of pocket expenditures of the population. Reducing the financial burden on the state and ensuring the rational use of drugs contributes to improving the health of the population. The implementation of a drug insurance scheme, which partially or fully cover the cost of drugs in RA, is one of the solutions for resolving the issue of access to medicines. This article studies the problems of financing healthcare system in Armenia and highlights the need of introduction a drug insurance system in Armenia

Access Provision for Students with Reading Disabilities (SRDs) in Nigerian University Libraries

This paper examines the accessibility options for SRDs in university libraries in Nigeria. Access to the library's information resources is a benchmark for effectively utilizing information resources and services and fulfilling information demands for the educational growth of people within a community. Students that struggle with reading and it affect their capacity to learn are students with reading disabilities. University libraries should support and encourage scholarly work and research in all areas of human endeavor, regardless of ability or disability. As a result, this paper explores the idea of students with reading disabilities (SRDs), their traits, and the responsibility of university libraries in Nigeria in supporting SRDs. The article looks at the discrepancies between accessible and necessary information sources and the difficulties Nigerian university libraries experience in bridging such gaps and presents pertinent suggestions for improving access to SRDs.

Supporting women's research in predominantly undergraduate institutions: Experiences with a National Science Foundation ADVANCE Institutional Transformation Award.

This paper describes the Gender Equity Project (GEP) at Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), funded by the U. S. NSF ADVANCE Institutional Transformation Award (ITA) program. ADVANCE supports system-level strategies to promote gender equity in the social and natural sciences, but has supported very few teaching-intensive institutions. Hunter College is a teaching-intensive institution in which research productivity among faculty is highly valued and counts toward tenure and promotion. We created the GEP to address the particular challenges that faculty, especially White women and faculty of color, face in maintaining research programs and advancing in their careers at teaching-intensive institutions. During the course of the ADVANCE award, its centerpiece was the Sponsorship Program, a multifaceted paid mentorship/sponsorship program that paired each participant with a successful scholar in her discipline. It offered extensive professional development opportunities, including interactive workshops and internal grants to support research. The GEP helped change key policies and practices by ensuring that all faculty were treated fairly in areas like provision of research start-up funds and access to guidance on how to prepare for tenure and promotion. Qualitative and quantitative evidence suggests that participation in the Sponsorship Program boosted research productivity and advanced the careers of many of the women who participated; the Program was highly rated by all participants. Some of the policy and practice changes that the GEP helped bring about were sustained at Hunter beyond the award period and some were adopted and disseminated by the central office of CUNY. However, we were not able to sustain the relatively expensive (but cost-effective) Sponsorship Program. We share the lessons we learned, including that creating a diverse, successful social and natural scientific workforce requires sustained support of female faculty employed at teaching-intensive colleges. We acknowledge the difficulties of sustaining gains, and offer ideas about how to make the case for gender equity when women seem to be doing “well enough.” We underscore the imperative of building support for women’s research in teaching-intensive institutions, where most women scientists are employed, and well over 90% of all college students—a disproportionate percentage of whom are female, minoritized, or both—are educated.

Challenges and opportunities of smallholder pig production systems in Rwanda.

To decipher the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities of smallholder pig farming in Rwanda, a household survey was conducted in ten districts of the country. A total of 900 households selected randomly across four provinces and one city, 12 districts, 28 sectors, and villages were interviewed using a pretested printed questionnaire. Most of the respondents were heads of household: 70.9% for western, 63.5% in eastern, 54.1% in northern, and 52.5% in southern province, and their mean age was 46.7years and had widely varying education levels. Crossbred pig genotypes were the most preferred due to their high growth rate and produce large litters compared to local pigs, as well as their high resistance to disease, and can better utilize low-quality feeds compared to pure exotic pigs. Piglets and sows were the biggest populations on most farms. Production of piglets for sale was the main purpose of rearing pigs in 63.7% of the farms. Natural mating was almost (99.1%) exclusive on all farms, implying that artificial insemination is yet to take root in Rwanda. Weeds were reported to be the main feed resource used particularly in wet season, while cereal grain mashes and concentrates were used by very few farmers due to high costs. Dominant challenges related to limited pig and pork markets, high taxation, limited extension services, and disease outbreak were highlighted. The most common diseases affecting pigs were swine erysipelas and internal parasites. Access to veterinary services by the households was limited especially in northern province (20%) leading to wrong diagnosis. Capacity building and provision of access to quality animal health services as well as setting up of markets were proposed as strategies to improve pig production by smallholders in Rwanda and grab a share of the lucrative pork market in the region.

Provision of digital information resources in Nigerian university libraries

Introduction: This paper examines the provision of digital information resources in academic libraries with focus on university libraries in Nigeria. Method: A descriptive survey design was used. The population of the study was 744 certified academic librarians working in the three tiers of universities (federal, state, and private) as contained in the list maintained by the Librarians’ Registration Council of Nigeria. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Analysis: The data were analyzed quantitatively through the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS), using percentages, mean scores, and standard deviation. Results: Access to digital information resources in libraries is low due to non-implementation of real time provision of information resources to users, emanating from lack of library management software that would drive the process, professionals’ lack of skills in implementing digital information services, and lack of relevant formal institutional digital information provision policies. Conclusion: Embracing real time digital library services is essential to ensure effective provision of access to information for users. The solution lies in subscription to library management software and developing the capacity of the librarians for its effective implementation.

SATISFACTION OF THE FUTURE NURSES WITH THE WORKING CONDITIONS IN THE HEALTHCARE ESTABLISHMENTS DURING THEIR PRE-GRADUATION TRAINEESHIP

The training of nurses is a key issue on which the provision of access to and quality of medical care depends. The shortage of nurses and the unfavorable ratio between nurses and doctors create problems in the proper organization of the provision of medical care. As health care providers working under stressful conditions, future nurses need a safe working environment for themselves and their patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to establish the level of satisfaction of future registered nurses with the working conditions in healthcare establishments during their pre-graduation traineeship. Material and methods: The study presents the result of a survey of the opinion of 283 fourth-year students majoring in Nursing at the Medical University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Public Health; Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Faculty of Medicine and Haskovo Branch; 'Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov’ University, Burgas. Results and Discussion: The students' level of satisfaction with the facilities where they do their pre-graduation traineeship is an important factor in the professional development of future registered nurses. A lower level of satisfaction of the students with the equipment and facilities where they do their pre-graduation traineeship is usually associated with a lack of sufficient personal protective equipment and other consumables in the healthcare establishments. Conclusion: Probably due to difficulties in performing nursing tasks in a real-life environment ensuing from organizational problems connected with the provision of consumables and materials, risks of accidents, the existing outdated facilities are the main reasons for the lower levels of satisfaction of students with the facilities during their pre-graduation traineeship.

Universal Design in Housing in Australia: An Example of People Power.

This paper follows three previous ones which have reflected on the grass-roots campaign in Australia to mandate a basic access standard in all new housing. The original negotiations with government and the housing industry for this reform were at first disingenuous then reluctant despite human rights obligations. A tenacious campaign over two decades by user stakeholders, researchers, and principled housing providers finally convinced political leaders to mandate national access provisions for all new housing in the National Construction Code. The paper discusses what assisted and hampered this campaign. It then discusses why politicians eventually favoured the interests of ordinary people over the self-interests of the housing industry.

Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Selected Water Bodies in Oyo and Lagos States

Sustainable provision of safe access to potable water has continued to be a major challenge across the world. Water samples were collected from water bodies at Awba Dam and National Horticulture Research Institute (NIHORT) in Ibadan, Oyo State and the Ogun River in Lagos State. The aim of this study was to gauge the conditions of these frequently used water bodies. The locations were selected based on surrounding population and activities. Sampling was done in the months of April and June, 2021. The physicochemical parameters analysed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Average salinity value ranged between 0.2675 ± 0.14 mg/L (UI) and 0.6735 ± 0.22 mg/L (Berger). These values are quite high and significant when compared to the threshold level of 0.0000001 mg/L. Of the three sampling points, the samples obtained from Awba Dam at the University of Ibadan seem to have the better quality in relative terms. This follows from the BOD and TDS values of 3.75 ± 0.28 mg/L and 259.7 ± 156.89 mg/L respectively. This study shows that the mismanagement of our waters through unrestrained and unrestricted dumping of contaminants into it has caused these water bodies to have poor quality and should not be used for the purpose of consumption unless properly treated. The presence of aquatic plants that take in some of these pollutants and release oxygen may also help improve quality.

Research feasibility and ethics in Scottish new-born blood spot archive.

ObjectivesThere were two objectives to this study: 1) to gauge public opinion on the use of Guthrie card-derived blood samples for epidemiological and biological research; and 2) to evaluate the feasibility of recovering meaningful molecular data from these samples.
 ApproachTo address the first objective, a 2-day Citizens’ Jury was conducted in partnership with Ipsos MORI, comprising a diverse adult sample in terms of age, sex, working status and social grade (n=20). Jurors were asked whether research access to Guthrie card blood tests would be in the public interest. To address the second objective, DNA methylation (DNAm) was profiled from samples from 58 Generation Scotland participants, whose Guthrie cards had been stored from birth for between 32 and 38 years. Analyses were performed on Guthrie DNAm samples to determine whether previously-reported associations with perinatal maternal smoking behaviours were detectable.
 ResultsThe Citizens’ Jury yielded an overall positive response towards data sharing for health research. Concerns were raised about data protection and security, control and oversight, and commercial use. The overall verdict was that access to Guthrie card data would be in the public interest, conditional on the purpose of the research, regulated access procedures, ethical oversight and provision of opportunities for participants to opt out.
 DNAm detection rates from Guthrie samples were lower than from samples stored in tubes. However, it was possible to confirm linkage to the correct individuals in Generation Scotland using DNAm-derived estimates of genotype and sex. A significant association was observed between a DNAm-based score for smoking and perinatal maternal smoking status derived from the baseline Generation Scotland questionnaire.
 ConclusionWe showed that: 1) public support exists for using Guthrie samples in research, conditional on certain safeguards; 2) DNAm can be profiled from cards stored for up to 38 years and can predict maternal smoking behaviour. Guthrie cards are a potentially valuable resource for epidemiological studies and predicting health outcomes.

UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration – and the challenges in creating a new Longitudinal Populations Studies linked data resource.

ObjectivesThe UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC) is a new, unprecedented infrastructure enabling research into the COVID-19 pandemic. The UK LLC integrates data from >20 UK longitudinal studies with systematically linked health, administrative and environmental records to facilitate cross-disciplinary COVID-19 research for accredited UK based researchers. ApproachBringing together all of the key components that form the UK LLC was a huge challenge that may have only been possible in the midst of the pandemic. First, we collaborated with the Longitudinal Population Studies (LPS) to create and agree how data linkage, data provision and applications to access the UK LLC would work. In parallel, public contributors helped to create fair processing materials. Finally, we worked closely with NHS Digital and other key national data providers to organise approvals for all studies to be linked, and for the UK LLC to have delegated decision-making for research applications. ResultsWe faced a myriad of challenges creating the UK LLC including: Short timeframe and short-term funding structure – initial funding for six months with an 18-month extension. Working across >20 different LPS and four nations with different structures for access, consent and data provision. Lack of capacity at various points in the data pipeline due to the volume of COVID-19 research required and underway across the involved organisations. Data processing complexities – split data method means no one can see the entire process therefore catching linkage errors requires working across four different organisations. With such complex data flows it is challenging to find the balance with communications about data to the public – being accurate about what we are doing, but expressing the complexity in lay terms. ConclusionCreating the UK LLC required collaboration with LPS, data providers and researchers. An iterative approach to creating the data application and data provision pipelines was crucial in developing these processes. The UK LLC was built quickly, from initial funding in October 2020 to provisioning data to researchers in December 2021.

Inequality in households’ access to primary health care (PHC): a case study in Kerman, southeast Iran

BackgroundFair access to health services is a vital issue in low-and middle-income countries. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the equity in access to primary health care (PHC) services in southeastern Iran.MethodsThis household-based survey was conducted on 1128 households in Kerman, southeastern Iran in 2019-20. A multistage probability method was used to select the samples. The online questionnaire was designed and its link was provided to the questioners. After receiving the training, the questioners went to the door according to the sampling guide. The collected data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05, using the STATA software. The concentration index (CI) was also used to measure inequality in access to PHC services.ResultsThe results showed that there was a significant difference between gender and location in access to PHC services (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the access rates to PHC services and the variables of age, marital, education, health insurance, and Supplementary insurance (P > 0.05). The mean rate of access to PHC services was 3.51 ± 0.53. Cultural access (3.76 ± 0.54) and timely receipt of PHC services (2.51 ± 0.72) accounted for the highest and the lowest access rates, respectively. The concentration index for the distribution of PHC services among the income-adjusted population was 0.014 (CI 95%: -0.022 to 0.051), indicating pro-rich inequalities in access to PHC services.ConclusionThe results indicated that pro-rich inequality, but it was close to the equality line. Also, the access level was assessed as moderate to high. Therefore, planning and policy-making seems essential for reduce inequality, and development and promotion of access to PHC services, especially timely provision of services and organizational access.

From informal to formal: understanding gendered energy transitions through filmmaking in Cape Town and Mumbai

Provision of affordable housing and energy access is an urgent challenge in India and South Africa. This study adopts a participatory filmmaking approach to understand women’s agency in low-income domestic housing in Mumbai and Cape Town. Through their films, the women shared insights of how the transitional housing environment has impacted their everyday routines and how they are utilising the access to energy. By employing creative, participatory filmmaking practice within the female community, the research explored an alternative approach to understand energy demand. The cycles of participatory filmmaking were followed by workshops, interviews, and acknowledgement of participation. The films revealed that access to formal housing and electricity grid have led to improvements in the women’s welfare and wellbeing, showing the importance of privacy and the development of personal leisure activities. Yet echoing Murray Li, there is nothing ‘inevitable’ about women’s energy transitions and energy access does not necessarily reduce the women’s time spent on household chores: in Mumbai, women still cook 3–4 times per day, every cooking moment taking 1–2 hours, amounting to women putting in 56 hours of (unpaid) work per week. The study advocates the use of film as a method in energy studies: the films were able to capture the lived experience in these low-income groups, heterogeneity of the material arrangements, the pride and skills in cooking. The films enabled the participants to see their ‘invisible’, unpaid work and to express their aspirations giving us a glimpse of what ‘empowerment’ from the women’s perspective would look like.

USing rolE-substitutioN In care homes to improve ORal health (SENIOR): a study protocol

BackgroundDental service provision in the care home sector is poor, with little emphasis on prevention. Emerging evidence suggests that the use of Dental Care Professionals (dental therapists and dental nurses) as an alternative to dentists has the potential to improve preventive advice, the provision of care and access to services within care homes. However, robust empirical evidence from definitive trials on how to successfully implement and sustain these interventions within care homes is currently lacking. The aim of the study is to determine whether Dental Care Professionals could reduce plaque levels of dentate older adults (65 + years) residing in care homes.MethodsThis protocol describes a two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial that will be undertaken in care homes across Wales, Northern Ireland and England. In the intervention arm, the dental therapists will visit the care homes every 6 months to assess and then treat eligible residents, where necessary. All treatment will be conducted within their Scope of Practice. Dental nurses will visit the care homes every month for the first 3 months and then three-monthly afterwards to promulgate advice to improve the day-to-day prevention offered to residents by carers. The control arm will be ‘treatment as usual’.Eligible care homes (n = 40) will be randomised based on a 1:1 ratio (20 intervention and 20 control), with an average of seven residents recruited in each home resulting in an estimated sample of 280. Assessments will be undertaken at baseline, 6 months and 12 months and will include a dental examination and quality of life questionnaires. Care home staff will collect weekly information on the residents’ oral health (e.g. episodes of pain and unscheduled care). The primary outcome will be a binary classification of the mean reduction in Silness-Löe Plaque Index at 6 months. A parallel process evaluation will be undertaken to explore the intervention’s acceptability and how it could be embedded in standard practice (described in a separate paper), whilst a cost-effectiveness analysis will examine the potential long-term costs and benefits of the intervention.DiscussionThis trial will provide evidence on how to successfully implement and sustain a Dental Care Professional-led intervention within care homes to promote access and prevention.Trial registrationISRCTN16332897. Registered on 3 December 2021.

Evaluating the Implementation of a Multi-Technology Delivery of a Mental Health and Wellbeing System of Care Within a Youth Sports Development Program During the COVID-19 Pandemic

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to the provision of community programs and access to mental health services for young people. We examined the feasibility, reach, and acceptability of multi-technology delivery of an integrated system that assesses and provides feedback on youth mental health and wellbeing and connects them to care within the context of a youth sports development program. The system was delivered via computer, telephone, and teleconference with 66 adolescent boys participating in a rugby league development program in three communities in Australia. Young people completed online wellbeing and mental health measures (Assess step), parents were provided with telephone feedback on results, support, and referral options (Reflect step), and youth received teleconferenced workshops and online resources (Connect step). The multi-technology delivery was feasible to implement, and reach was high, with barriers experienced at the Assess step but minimally experienced at the Reflect and Connect steps. Delivering the system via multiple forms of technology was rated as highly beneficial and enjoyable by young people. Players improved in self-reported prosocial behaviour, gratitude, and anxiety symptoms from pre- to post-program. Strong collaboration between researchers, organisational personnel, and community members is important for achieving these outcomes.

Optimization of information service technologies in the Central Scientific Agricultural Library

The article considers changes in the information service technologies conditioned by digitalization in the Central Scientific Agricultural Library (CSAL), which has been creating information resources of its own generation since 1992. 24 document and lexicographic databases (DB) find their application for the information servicing. The main information product is the polythematic database “AGROS”, which provides comprehensive information about current receipts to the library collections. BD of own generation, posted on the website of CSAL, mainly in free access, have created conditions for the full-fledged remote user service. The library has converted almost all traditional services into the remote ones, developed convenient and simple services for its users to work independently with digital resources, which ensures their demand by specialists. The author shows positive dynamics of requests to the website of CSAL. Digital technologies have made it possible to perfect services; optimization of the Service Department, its merging with the Storage Department, transformation of service areas have increased the efficiency of work. As an information center, CSAL creates industry-wide linguistic tools, synopsizes and analytical reviews, makes them ready for the press.The library determines as perspective such directions of servicing its users as the formation and development of related data, which allow creating qualitatively new analytical information, provision of access to integrated information through a single window, organization of the single industry knowledge space, origination and provision of open data. For this purpose, industry- wide linguistic tools for indexing and searching for information will be developed, databases of own generation will be created and constantly updated; monitoring of the Internet resources and creating navigators and manuals on the problems of the agro-industrial complex will be carried out.

Mapping Potential Tourist Attractions in The Southern West Bandung Regency Area

West Bandung Regency is working hard to develop tourism in the southern region as a "sleeping and marginalized" area to become an up-and-coming destination for both domestic and foreign tourists. In addition to adopting the concept of territoriality, tourism planning in West Bandung Regency also applies an approach based on groupings of resources owned. In order to accelerate tourism development in the South West Bandung Regency area, this study seeks to convey the results of a study on mapping the potential for tourist attractions. An analytical tool in the form of a Point Rating System (PRS) is used to assess various aspects of tourism in these areas. Based on the analysis results, three areas of 3 different development priorities are revitalization of tourism destinations, development of tourism destinations, and pioneering tourism destinations. In conclusion, policy and regulatory aspects are very important in constructing the integrated tourism development of the Southern West Bandung Regency. Some aspects that need to be considered in development in the South West Bandung Regency include accessibility, connectivity, and infrastructure provision.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Energy justice for whom? Territorial (re)production and everyday state-making in electrifying rural Indonesia

This article seeks to examine the material implications of the emergence of an energy justice (energi berkeadilan) vision in Indonesia, paying particular attention to the state’s spatial practice to achieve such a vision in the form of rural electrification programs including the deployment of off-grid decentralised renewables. Informed by semi-structured interviews, participant observation and secondary data analysis, we contribute to the growing conversations on geographical political economy of energy transitions by closely attending to the multiple space-making processes characterising the Indonesian government’s pursuit of their energy justice vision. Inspired by Henri Lefebvre’s ideas on state space and territory, we begin by unravelling the historical connection between the rise of energy justice vision and the Indonesian state attempts to maintain and expand its territorial reach through rural electrification, as evidenced throughout the country’s contemporary political economies and its earlier history of postcolonial struggles. We simultaneously unpack various legal mechanisms and instruments underpinning the government’s efforts to deliver energy justice promises by way of universal electricity access, demonstrating the centrality of such strategies in the (re)production of state territories. Through inquiring how energy justice is mobilised by (and for) the Indonesian state, our study illustrates that such everyday state-making processes entail a calculative technique as another form of territorial intervention that obscures the reality of socio-spatially uneven and fragmented electricity access in rural Indonesia. Such findings, we suggest, reveal the contradictions in the state’s repositioning as a main enabler of energy access provision and, more broadly, a socially just energy transition.

Advancing right to health considerations in national responses against health sector corruption: the case for action

PurposeHealth sector corruption constitutes a pervasive challenge and a major obstacle to the equitable enjoyment of the right to health by exacerbating health inequalities within societies, while often eroding public trust primarily amid public health crises that threaten human security. The purpose of this paper is to examine the value of advancing right to health considerations in national legislative and regulatory responses against health sector corruption.Design/methodology/approachThis paper builds on existing evidence, with focusing attention on international standards that are relevant to the topic under discussion. The literature research included publicly available reports, peer-reviewed studies and other documents primarily of human rights bodies at the United Nations level.FindingsAdvancing right to health considerations in national responses against health sector corruption offers comprehensive guidance for the deployment of a strong regulatory anti-corruption framework for action by the governments as part of their health rights obligations. Essentially, the implementation of such a national framework for action, encompassing accountability, participatory decision-making and transparency, constitutes a necessary and an important step towards maintaining well-functioning health systems and a robust social pressure for continued political commitment with the ultimate goal the provision of equitable access to quality health services at all times.Originality/valueBy using a rights-based approach, the paper identifies a national framework for state action consisting of legal obligations and tools towards guiding governments, while at the same time empowering civil society groups to demand the implementation of core human rights principles of transparency, participation and accountability within health system governance. It provides insights for the future development, reinforcement and/or reform of national law, policies and practices towards minimizing and eradicating vulnerabilities to health sector corruption.