Access Management Research Articles

Evaluation of Non-Invasive Wearable Diabetes Sensors

<b>Introduction</b> Diabetes management has increasingly emphasised the need for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, promoting advancements in non-invasive wearable diabetes sensors. This comprehensive review explores the latest developments in this field, focusing on the types, technological advancements, and challenges associated with these devices. The review is structured into distinct sections that examine the current state and future directions of optical, electromagnetic, and transdermal sensors, along with emerging technologies in non-invasive glucose monitoring. The review examines the technological enhancements that have improved sensor accuracy and precision, ergonomic designs for increased comfort, and advancements in data analytics that integrate machine learning for predictive analytics. Comparison of the major challenges such as maintaining sensor accuracy and reliability, ensuring user compliance, safeguarding data privacy, and overcoming cost-related barriers are explored. Furthermore, the paper discusses the promising future directions like the use of innovative materials, the integration of artificial intelligence, and the importance of regulatory and ethical considerations in the development of CGM technologies. This review not only underscores the significant progress made in the field but also highlights the critical need for ongoing research to overcome existing limitations. The implications of these technologies extend beyond individual patient management to broader applications in healthcare and lifestyle monitoring, promoting crucial shift towards more personalised and accessible diabetes management solutions. <b>Material and Methods</b> <b>Results</b> <b>Conclusions</b> <b></b> <b></b>

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF BLOCKCHAIN AND SMART CONTRACT TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANAGEMENT AUTOMATION AND ENSURING BUSINESS RESILIENCE

Increasing competition, the need to enhance efficiency and transparency of business processes, as well as the requirements to ensure the security and reliability of operations, demand new tools and approaches for automating management and ensuring the sustainability of the enterprise. Currently, it is blockchain and smart contract technologies that are opening up vast opportunities for this. Therefore, the research is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the features and directions of using blockchain and smart contract technologies for automating management and ensuring the sustainability of the enterprise. Within the research, it has been proven that the use of blockchain and smart contract technologies creates a flexible and secure process for developing conditions and strategies that allow an enterprise to function effectively and remain capable of ensuring its own progressive development even in conditions of high stochasticity, economic turbulence, or crises. It is concluded that among the main directions where the use of blockchain technologies for ensuring enterprise resilience is worthwhile, the following should be highlighted: supply chain management, balanced management, security management, and basic risk management, as well as managing relationships with customers and partners. In unity, these outlined directions establish the principles of automating enterprise management, enhance its ability to function effectively, and direct its progressive development. It is concluded that among the main directions where the use of smart contracts for ensuring enterprise resilience is beneficial, the following should be highlighted: access and security management, remote tracking of resource utilization, automation of production and commercial processes, improvement of customer service, and management of data processing workflows. In unity, these outlined directions establish the principles of enterprise management automation, guiding and expanding the enterprise's capabilities for progressive development. In the context of ensuring enterprise resilience, the goal of applying smart contracts and blockchain technologies can vary. However, the use of these outlined technological solutions should guarantee the enterprise's ability to withstand external and internal influences.

Comparative analysis of security models in cloud platforms

This article is dedicated to the importance of data security on cloud platforms, highlighting the subject relevance in an era where threats to information security are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. The primary focus is a comparative analysis of security models employed by leading cloud platforms such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, IBM Cloud, and Oracle Cloud. The research covers various crucial security aspects, including data encryption, identity and access management, monitoring mechanisms and incident response. The article sheds light on current trends and technologies in cloud data protection, including the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance threat detection efficiency and the implementation of confidential computing and blockchain technologies to improve data protection. Issues of compliance with legal requirements and data security standards are discussed, along with recommendations for organisations to optimise information protection in the cloud environment.

Implementing a Biomedical Data Warehouse From Blueprint to Bedside in a Regional French University Hospital Setting: Unveiling Processes, Overcoming Challenges, and Extracting Clinical Insight.

Biomedical data warehouses (BDWs) have become an essential tool to facilitate the reuse of health data for both research and decisional applications. Beyond technical issues, the implementation of BDWs requires strong institutional data governance and operational knowledge of the European and national legal framework for the management of research data access and use. In this paper, we describe the compound process of implementation and the contents of a regional university hospital BDW. We present the actions and challenges regarding organizational changes, technical architecture, and shared governance that took place to develop the Nantes BDW. We describe the process to access clinical contents, give details about patient data protection, and use examples to illustrate merging clinical insights. More than 68 million textual documents and 543 million pieces of coded information concerning approximately 1.5 million patients admitted to CHUN between 2002 and 2022 can be queried and transformed to be made available to investigators. Since its creation in 2018, 269 projects have benefited from the Nantes BDW. Access to data is organized according to data use and regulatory requirements. Data use is entirely determined by the scientific question posed. It is the vector of legitimacy of data access for secondary use. Enabling access to a BDW is a game changer for research and all operational situations in need of data. Finally, data governance must prevail over technical issues in institution data strategy vis-à-vis care professionals and patients alike.

Genetic diversity analysis and core germplasm bank construction in cold resistant germplasm of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis)

The rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg., is the sole plant worldwide utilized for the commercial production of natural rubber. Following years of breeding, there exists a wide array of germplasm differentiation in rubber trees. The exploration of diversity and population structure within rubber tree germplasm resources, alongside the establishment of core germplasm resources, is instrumental in elucidating the genetic background and facilitating the effective utilization and management of these resources. By employing SNP molecular marker technology, 195 rubber tree resources were amplified, their genetic diversity analyzed, and a fingerprint map was subsequently constructed. Through this process, the cold-resistant core germplasm of rubber trees was identified. The results revealed that the PIC, He, and pi values ranged from 0.0905 to 0.3750, 0.095 to 0.5000, and 0.0953 to 0.5013, respectively. Both group structure analysis and cluster analysis delineated the accessions into two groups, signifying a simple group structure. A core germplasm bank was established with a sampling ratio of 10%, comprising 21 accessions divided into two populations. Population G1 consists of 20 accessions, while population G2 comprises 1 accession. The research findings have led to the creation of a molecular database that is anticipated to contribute to the management and subsequent breeding applications of rubber tree accessions.

University Students’ Perceptions of a 30-Minute Break During Class: A Realistic Practice for Wellness?

This SoTL study aimed to discover how teacher education students engaged with a 30-minute unstructured break during a weekly three-hour lecture. Cognitive fatigue and resulting stress accumulation have negative effects on wellness. Education students can accumulate significant stress when studying and preparing. This, in turn, affects their career outlook and may affect teacher retention. Pausing a cognitively demanding task and taking a break can reverse the strain reaction and support sustainable, long-term wellness. However, taking an effective break is often difficult because it can be perceived as a waste of time and a loss of productivity. Research shows the opposite effect. If we educate higher education students about the benefits of taking effective breaks and then model this practice in class, can we promote an accessible and realistic stress management strategy? Can student teachers potentially take this strategy with them into their teaching careers and classrooms? Using pre- and post-surveys as well as “Weekly Break Logs” during class (N = 70), followed by a post-course focus group (n = 4), the study found that 100% of participants post-course valued the break. They spent it socializing or going for short walks and did not spend it on their devices. The majority felt refreshed and motivated to return to learning following the break. Focus group findings revealed the value of taking breaks, and participants were motivated to continue this practice in their professional lives.

Status on management of access to genetic resources, traditional knowledge and benefit sharing

The management of access to genetic resources, traditional knowledge (TK), and benefit sharing among indigenous people and local communities in the worldwide is extensively addressed in international legal instruments, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits (ABS) Arising from their Utilization. The CBD aims to promote the conservation of biological resources, the sustainable use of biodiversity components and the equitable, fair sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The Nagoya Protocol sets out core obligations for its contracting Parties to take measures in relation to ABS and compliance. In 2021, the Secretariats of the CBD released the first draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework with the mission for the period up to 2030, aiming towards the 2050 vision: “To take urgent action across society to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetics resources, to put biodiversity on a path to recovery by 2030 for the benefit of planet and people.” Therefore, capacity building and development for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol are crucial, especially for developing countries. One of the most commonly identified new capacity building needs is digital sequence information on genetic resources and their roles in ABS. As a member of the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol, Vietnam has obligations to develop the National Strategy Framework on Biodiversity to 2030, with a vision to 2050, consistent with the requirements of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, Protocols, and relevant Agreements. This includes developing recommendations on management of access to genetic resources and TK, as well as benefit sharing within the Draft of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. This research aims to contribute to implement the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and the Nagoya Protocol in Vietnam by assessing the status of management regarding access to genetic resources, TK, and benefit sharing.

Blockchain-Enabled Secure Data Sharing with Honey Encryption and DSNN-Based Key Generation

Ensuring data confidentiality is a critical requirement for modern security systems globally. Despite the implementation of various access-control policies to enhance system security, significant threats persist due to insecure and inadequate access management. To address this, Multi-Party Authorization (MPA) systems employ multiple authorities for authorization and authentication, utilizing blockchain technology to store and access data securely, ensuring immutable and trusted audit trails. In this work, we propose a hybrid key-generation approach called the Identity and Attribute-Based Honey Encryption (IABHE) Algorithm combined with Deep Spiking Neural Network (DSNN) denoted by IABHE+DSNN for secure data sharing in a multi-party blockchain-based system. This approach incorporates various entities and multiple security functionalities to ensure data security. The data-sharing process involves several steps: initialization, authentication, initial registration, data protection, validation, and data sharing. Data protection is executed within the MapReduce framework, with data encryption performed using IABHE and key generation managed by DSNN. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IABHE+DSNN approach achieves a decryption time of 10.786 s, an encryption time of 15.765 s, and a key complexity of 0.887, outperforming existing methods.

Azure Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Azure Identity and Access Management (IAM) necessitates the articulation of a succinct summary, encapsulating the essence of an intricate research endeavor. The labyrinthine nature of IAM demands meticulous verbiage to navigate its complexities.In the pursuit of understanding IAM intricacies, a symphony of terms, both arcane and perspicuous, amalgamates into the abstract's fabric. As we traverse the lexicon, a juxtaposition of the abstruse and the perspicuous unfolds, weaving a tapestry of understanding in the domain of secure access to Azure's digital sanctum.In this scholarly pursuit, Azure IAM assumes the role of a sentinel, fortifying the digital ramparts against malevolent incursions. The intricacies of identity and access management in the Azure milieu beckon the scholarly inquirer to decipher the cryptographic nuances, where every word acts as a cipher, revealing the depths of IAM fortifications.As we embark on this verbal odyssey, the abstract becomes a palimpsest of erudition, where the enigmatic dance of language mirrors the cryptographic ballet of IAM protocols. The dexterity with which IAM orchestrates the ballet of secure digital access finds resonance in the nuanced articulation of this scholarly discourse.The abstract unfurls like an arcane scroll, each phrase a cipher awaiting decryption. IAM, the guardian of the digital threshold, stands sentinel, as the abstract delves into the esoteric lexicon of secure access, where every word bears the weight of cryptographic significance.In the annals of scholarly prose, this abstract stands as a testament to the marriage of erudition and linguistics, where the labyrinthine IAM protocols find expression in the convoluted yet eloquent dance of words. This is not merely an abstract; it is a linguistic sojourn into the heart of Azure's IAM, where every syntactic construct is a brushstroke on the canvas of digital security.As the abstract concludes, it leaves an indelible imprint, a cryptographic signature of understanding in the realm of Azure Identity and Access Management. The perplexity and burstiness of language mirror the intricacies of IAM, and in this linguistic ballet, the abstract stands as a testament to the fusion of knowledge and expression.

Exploring the Importance and Performance Priorities of Older Adults With a User-Centred Approach to Create a Fall-Free Bathroom.

Fall hazards in bathroom spaces constitute one of the most critical issues in the daily lives of older adults. Bathroom falls are somewhat different and constrained in nature than those in other parts of a home environment. This study aimed to adopt a user-centred approach to explore older adults' general bathroom needs, with a specific focus on showers and bathtubs as the designated activity area. The authors employed an extended importance-performance analysis (IPA) with a mixed-method research design. Three hundred and eleven older adults participated in a face-to-face IPA questionnaire for the quantitative phase of the study. The authors gathered the qualitative data through open-ended questions from 59 older adults. The authors found positive correlation between older adults' attitudes towards an older-friendly bathroom and the potential for their bathrooms to be fall-free. The IPA calculations identify three key items with higher ratings in both importance and performance: The presence of appropriate artificial lighting, efficient mechanical ventilation and an accessible inside towel rail. Thematic analysis yields four themes: comfort, ease of access, error-proof design and emergency management. The IPA calculations and thematic analysis confirm that older adults' rankings of importance and performance and their corresponding priority levels within the overarching themes indicate the need for these aspects to perform well and justify ongoing investments. The study concludes that addressing fall prevention requires not only designing specific solutions but also utilising appropriate technology in bathing and toileting activities. Practitioners in geriatric and gerontological nursing, design, architecture and health care can use the importance and performance priority levels of older adults to guide the development and implementation of fall-free bathroom design. Policymakers can leverage the insights from this research to inform guidelines and regulations related to building codes, accessibility standards and healthcare policies.

Customary land management systems and urban planning in peri-urban informal settlements

Customary land management systems are informal, community-driven land-use regulation systems that adapt zoning regulations and customary tenure to cooperatively self-regulate land-use management in multi-ethnic peri-urban settlements. The research uses an integrative literature review to critically re-evaluate the various concepts and practices of customary land management, their impact on the unique morphology of peri-urban areas and their relationship with urban planning. The research results indicate that customary land management systems are intrinsically linked to peri-urban settlements due to their polymorphic spatial structure and complex social groupings. It provides a simplified accessible and affordable land management system with multiple avenues for agency and a balance of power between different authorities. This generates a new set of social relations around neo-customary tenure. Customary land management systems are also linked to urban planning within a dual regulatory structure, combining formal policies and informal customs and providing alternatives for exploitative and exclusionary processes in weak and inefficient states.

GEN-RWD Sandbox: bridging the gap between hospital data privacy and external research insights with distributed analytics

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal tool in advancing contemporary personalised medicine, with the goal of tailoring treatments to individual patient conditions. This has heightened the demand for access to diverse data from clinical practice and daily life for research, posing challenges due to the sensitive nature of medical information, including genetics and health conditions. Regulations like the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the U.S. and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe aim to strike a balance between data security, privacy, and the imperative for access.ResultsWe present the Gemelli Generator - Real World Data (GEN-RWD) Sandbox, a modular multi-agent platform designed for distributed analytics in healthcare. Its primary objective is to empower external researchers to leverage hospital data while upholding privacy and ownership, obviating the need for direct data sharing. Docker compatibility adds an extra layer of flexibility, and scalability is assured through modular design, facilitating combinations of Proxy and Processor modules with various graphical interfaces. Security and reliability are reinforced through components like Identity and Access Management (IAM) agent, and a Blockchain-based notarisation module. Certification processes verify the identities of information senders and receivers.ConclusionsThe GEN-RWD Sandbox architecture achieves a good level of usability while ensuring a blend of flexibility, scalability, and security. Featuring a user-friendly graphical interface catering to diverse technical expertise, its external accessibility enables personnel outside the hospital to use the platform. Overall, the GEN-RWD Sandbox emerges as a comprehensive solution for healthcare distributed analytics, maintaining a delicate equilibrium between accessibility, scalability, and security.

IPFS-blockchain-based delegation model for internet of medical robotics things telesurgery system

The concept of the Internet of Medical Robotics Things (IoMRT) is where intelligent robots assess surrounding events, combine information from their sensors, use both local and dispersed intelligence to determine the best course of action, and move or command objects. Telesurgery is one application of IoMRT (TS). With 5G-enabled Tactile Internet (TI) enabling telesurgery (TS), there is ample opportunity to provide exceptional, accurate, ultra-responsive, and real-time virtual surgical procedures. The potential for accurate surgical diagnosis involving the exchange of patient electronic medical records (EMR) with several doctors using an assistant robot (AR) could be greatly useful in the medical field. As a part of this, permission delegation has emerged as a novel approach for data sharing in TI. Robust control of access guidelines combined with a configurable permission scheme promise secure EMR exchange. The present research proposes a multi-hop permission delegation strategy for EMR exchange based on blockchain technology and with configurable delegation depth. Furthermore, the original EMRs are stored on the interplanetary file system (IPFS). Permission delegation uses smart contracts and proxy re-encryption technology. Attribute-based encryption, which offers fine-grained management of access, is used to guarantee data security. Blockchain is also utilized to accomplish immutability and traceability. Delegators may regulate the depth of delegation by using smart contracts. The suggested approach satisfies the intended aims, according to analysis of the protocol. Lastly, the Ethereum test chain is used to assess and put the suggested method into practice. The outcomes of the conducted experiments demonstrate that the suggested protocol operates better than the competitors.

Blockchain-Based Security Framework for VNF Package Protection in 5G Network Slicing Services

Abstract The demand for scalable, open and granular networks has enabled mobile networks such as 5G to adopt new concepts including NFV (Network Function Virtualization). NFV separates the dependency of network functions from the hardware component, allowing them to be deployed flexibly and dynamically across network slices. In this way, operators can deliver personalized services and optimize the use of network resources, contributing to greater operational efficiency and an enhanced end-user experience. However, there are several issues to be addressed, such as the security of VNFs and the way in which service provider customers instantiate NSSIs (Network Slice Subnet Instance). In this article, we present a new approach based on blockchain 2.0, which guarantees the immutability of VNFs and templates, as well as highly secure instantiation with access management and support for replay attacks.

Global outlook on affordability of biotherapeutic drugs.

Although biotherapeutic drugs have the potential of transforming the management of many life-threatening diseases, their affordability and accessibility remain an issue. This study offers an overview of the global affordability of biotherapeutic products. For this, prices for 10 representative biotherapeutic products were examined in 40 countries, including high-income countries (HICs), upper middle-income countries (UMICs), lower middle-income countries (LMICs), and low-income countries (LICs). The affordability of these biotherapeutics was calculated based on the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) method. As expected, affordability was found to be better in HICs, followed by UMICs, LMICs, and finally, LICs. Furthermore, based on the trend of per capita income, we predict that in UMICs and LMICs, the affordability of high molecular weight biologics will worsen by 1.5× and 2× by 2030, respectively, and further by 4× and 6× by 2040. On the other hand, affordability will stay nearly the same for people living in HICs in the coming decades. Our analysis suggests that it is imperative that measures be taken to make this class of products more affordable and accessible. Governments can contribute by creating conducive policies. Global institutions like the WHO can play a significant role as well. Finally, manufacturers need to invest in and implement manufacturing innovations.

A lattice-based data sharing functional encryption scheme with HRA security for IoT

In the dynamic and resource-constrained landscape of IoT, securing sensitive data access is paramount. This paper introduces an innovative access control scheme (ACPRE) blending conditional attribute-based proxy re-encryption with inner product encryption, tailored for IoT security needs. ACPRE integrates attribute-based conditions, expands plaintext space, and restricts proxy privileges, bolstering access control. Leveraging inner product encryption, it confines decrypted information to inner product values, ensuring data confidentiality. By limiting proxies’ transformation abilities, ACPRE prevents unauthorized data alterations. It offers a secure, flexible solution for data access management, allowing only entities with specific attributes to utilize inner product values. ACPRE’s lattice-based construction enables resistance against quantum attacks and achieves honestly re-encryption attacks security, fostering robust, privacy-aware IoT ecosystems. Detailed security proofs and experimental validation underscore its efficacy.

ZEBRA study: The Z stitch Early Bed Rest Assessment study

BackgroundSafe and effective management of venous vascular access is a key component of EP procedures. Recently, the “Z stitch” method has been developed for effective venous hemostasis. However, the standard post-procedure protocol often includes prolonged bed rest, which may affect patient satisfaction. The ZEBRA study aims to systematically investigate and quantify patient satisfaction metrics and safety parameters associated with the early mobilization after “Z stitch” placement. ObjectiveThis study primarily investigates whether early mobilization following Z stitch placement in venous vascular access management during Electrophysiology (EP) procedures enhances patient satisfaction without compromising safety. MethodsIn this prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial, approximately 200 patients undergoing various EP procedures at OHSU and VAPORHCS will be randomly assigned to either a 1-hour or a 4-hour bed rest regimen post-Z stitch. Patient satisfaction will be assessed through survey, alongside monitoring for hematomas, bleeding complications, and other safety endpoints. The trial includes stratification based on heparin administration and sheath size to ensure robust and nuanced data analysis. ResultsWe anticipate that early mobilization will lead to higher patient satisfaction scores. We also expect to closely monitor and report the incidence of hematomas, pain medication use, healthcare costs, patient outcomes at 30 days, time to ambulation, and hospital readmissions or emergency visits related to groin complications. ConclusionThe ZEBRA study is poised to fill a critical knowledge gap in post-procedure care in EP labs. By rigorously evaluating the impact of early mobilization on patient satisfaction and safety, this study could significantly influence future guidelines and improve patient experiences in EP procedures.

Impact of Teprotumumab on Clinical Practice in Thyroid Eye Disease

BackgroundFollowing its Food and Drug Administration approval in January 2020, we examined the impact of teprotumumab on thyroid eye disease (TED) clinical practices. MethodsAcross 3 referral centers from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2022, we retrospectively analyzed demographics, clinical features, treatment choices, and insurance status of patients with active, moderate to severe TED. ResultsOf 74 patients recommended for medical therapy, 53% received collaborative recommendations from endocrinologists and ophthalmologists in a TED clinic. Prior to teprotumumab availability, 19 patients were recommended medical therapy, and all received medical therapy (100%), which consists of corticosteroids (14, 73.7%) or tocilizumab (5, 26.3%). After teprotumumab became available, out of 55 patients that were recommended medical therapy, only 41 (74.6%) received medical therapy, mostly teprotumumab (33, 60%), followed by corticosteroids (5, 9.1%) or tocilizumab (3, 5.4%), while 14 (25.4%) did not receive medical therapy. Discordance between physicians’ recommendations and therapy received or lack thereof was explained by patients’ refusal (9, 64.3%), mostly due to side effect concerns (8, 88.9%), and insurance denial (5, 35.7%). Teprotumumab use was mostly associated with otic changes (10, 30.3%), weight loss (9, 27.3%), and hyperglycemia (6, 18.2%), but 2 (6.1%) patients developed serious infections. Corticosteroids were associated with insomnia (4, 21.1%), and 1 patient in the tocilizumab group had an infusion reaction requiring hospitalization. ConclusionTeprotumumab introduction increased TED therapy evaluations, yet not all received recommended treatment due to safety concerns or accessibility issues. Enhancing collaborative care, medication accessibility, and adverse effect management is crucial.

Achieving Decentralized and Dynamic SSO-Identity Access Management System for Multi-Application Outsourced in Cloud

Achieving Decentralized and Dynamic SSO-Identity Access Management System for Multi-Application Outsourced in Cloud

The WERA cancer center matrix: Strategic management of patient access to precision oncology in a large and mostly rural area of Germany

PurposeProviding patient access to precision oncology (PO) is a major challenge of clinical oncologists. Here, we provide an easily transferable model from strategic management science to assess the outreach of a cancer center. MethodsAs members of the German WERA alliance, the cancer centers in Würzburg, Erlangen, Regensburg and Augsburg merged care data regarding their geographical impact. Specifically, we examined the provenance of patients from WERA´s molecular tumor boards (MTBs) between 2020 and 2022 (n = 2243). As second dimension, we added the provenance of patients receiving general cancer care by WERA. Clustering our catchment area along these two dimensions set up a four-quadrant matrix consisting of postal code areas with referrals towards WERA. These areas were re-identified on a map of the Federal State of Bavaria. ResultsThe WERA matrix overlooked an active screening area of 821 postal code areas – representing about 50 % of Bavaria´s spatial expansion and more than six million inhabitants. The WERA matrix identified regions successfully connected to our outreach structures in terms of subsidiarity – with general cancer care mainly performed locally but PO performed in collaboration with WERA. We also detected postal code areas with a potential PO backlog – characterized by high levels of cancer care performed by WERA and low levels or no MTB representation. ConclusionsThe WERA matrix provided a transparent portfolio of postal code areas, which helped assessing the geographical impact of our PO program. We believe that its intuitive principle can easily be transferred to other cancer centers.