Access To Information Sources Research Articles

Нейрофиброматоз 1 типа и ассоциированные заболевания: педиатрические аспекты диагностики, наблюдения, терапии

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetically determined disease characterized by damage to all organs and systems with dominant involvement of the skin and peripheral nervous system. One of the main NF1 features is the age-dependent representation of its clinical symptoms, which is the reason for untimely diagnosis verification and inadequate medical care which in its turn entails the risks for severe disability and reduced life expectancy. Obviously, the key factors in improving the prognosis for life and its quality are the improvement of screening, diagnostics, therapy and rehabilitation programs, both in childhood and in adult patients. The issues of social and psychological adaptation of patients and their families are highly relevant, this therefore requires the availability of information sources and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of medical specialists at all stages of medical care. The purpose for publication of this bibliographical review was to highlight the features of diagnosis and observation of children with NF1 as well as existing treatment options for associated diseases.

Analysis of flows in social media uncovers a new multi-step model of information spread

Abstract Since the advent of the internet, communication paradigms have continuously evolved, resulting in a present-day landscape where the dynamics of information dissemination have undergone a complete transformation compared to the past. In this study, we challenge the conventional two-step flow communication model, a long-standing paradigm in the field. Our approach introduces a more intricate multi-step and multi-actor model that effectively captures the complexities of modern information spread. We test our hypothesis by examining the spread of information on the Twitter platform. Our findings support the multi-step and multi-actor model hypothesis. In this framework, influencers (individuals with a significant presence in social media) emerge as new central figures and partially take on the role previously attributed to opinion leaders. However, this does not apply to opinion leaders who adapt and reaffirm their influential position on social media, here defined as opinion-leading influencers. Additionally, we note a substantial number of adopters directly accessing information sources, suggesting a potential decline in influence in both opinion leaders and influencers. Finally, we found distinctions in the diffusion patterns of left-/right-leaning groups, indicating variations in the underlying structure of information dissemination across different ideologies.

Comparing Google reviews and TripAdvisor to help researchers select the more appropriate information source

Purpose The purpose of this research is to identify not only the potential but also the limitations of Google reviews compared to TripAdvisor that may help researchers select the more appropriate information source. Design/methodology/approach The 10 most visited museums and theme parks in Europe were selected for this study. A total of 23,756 theme park reviews and 22,750 museum reviews were extracted from Google and TripAdvisor in November 2022 using the Octoparse tool. In a second round of data collection, reviews on Easter week 2023 were collected for the same destinations. Findings TripAdvisor offers a more comprehensive and accessible source of information compared to Google. However, the findings clearly indicate that Google has greater potential to accumulate reviews. The data also confirms that destinations tend to have higher ratings on Google than on TripAdvisor. Practical implications The research identifies a critical limitation in Google’s review system – a cap of 1,140 viewable and downloadable reviews per destination – posing a significant hindrance to researchers. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study providing a reasoned explanation for the limited scientific literature in tourism that uses Google reviews as a database. It offers a balanced comparison between TripAdvisor and Google that allows researchers to make a more reasoned decision regarding which information source to use depending on the study focus, the method and the data to be collected.

How evidence-based is the "hashtag ADHD test" (#adhdtest). A cross-sectional content analysis of TikTok videos on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) screening.

TikTok is being increasingly used as an easily accessible source of information on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to find the quality of information on ADHD screening or self-test in TikTok videos with the hashtag #adhdtest and the engagement of these videos with their viewers. The content of the top 50 TikTok videos with the "hashtag #ADHDtest" was analyzed cross-sectionally and categorized as "useful" or "misleading" after comparison of its content with the "Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale" (ASRS-v1.1). The videos were categorized as "useful" if its contents had at least 4 out of the 6 questions on the ASRS-v1.1 screener. Its level of engagement was quantified by measuring the number of times the video was liked, commented on, or added to favorites. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Out of the 50 included #adhdtest videos, 92% (n = 46) were misleading. Furthermore, useful videos had minimal engagement, with only 4% of the total likes, 1% of the total comments, and 7% of the total favorites. There is misleading information related to adult ADHD screening and testing on TikTok. There is a need to address this misinformation.

Optimalisasi Media Digital Dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi

Learning media are all types of physical equipment that aim to convey information and create interaction. Media used in learning, such as print and text media, audio media, moving images, multimedia media, and web-based or internet media. This research uses literature review research. In learning economics, optimizing digital media can help students improve their critical and creative thinking skills and increase their ability to learn. Various learning settings can be done using digital media, moving from individual to collaborative between students and students and students and teachers. Digital media in learning is very helpful for teachers and students in the learning process, it makes learning younger, makes the material easier to understand, makes the learning process more efficient, and achieves learning objectives. Teachers also act as facilitators, motivators and role models for their students, encouraging them to work harder in the classroom and utilize the ever-evolving technological media to access information sources relevant to economic learning objectives. By applying digital media in learning economics, students are able to broaden their understanding of economics that covers a wide range of contexts both theory and practice and know the relationship between events that occur in economics

Student’s access to scientific information resources using pirate open access sci-hub

Access to scientific information resources needs to be used by many academicians, especially the students. Some of articles are paywall article so scholarly publications cannot all be freely accessed via the internet and there is an information gap. Because of this, many students access information sources through pirate open access called Sci-Hub. This study aims to determine the differences between male and female students in accessing scientific information sources through Sci-Hub open access pirates. This research provides a gender perspective based on the theory of planned behaviour. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey format. The population in this study were students of Padjadjaran University with sampling techniques using non-probability sampling techniques, namely purposive sampling and data processing using SPSS. The results found that the male mean was higher on the attitude towards behaviour and perceived behaviour control variables while the female mean was higher on the subjective norm variable but the mean difference was not significant. The conclusion is that overall there is no difference between male and female students in accessing scientific information sources through pirate open access Sci-Hub.

Alternative Resources for Solving Bibliometric Problems of Researchers and Scientific Organizations

The aim of the article is to analyze functional possibilities of accessible information sources to solve bibliometric tasks of researchers and scientific organizations based on criteria of “Methodology for accessing the development of interdisciplinary research and the activities of research organizations”, used in the Central Scientific Library of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UB RAS). The article considers scientific information search systems as alternative sources of scientometric data in the absence of access to the Web of Science and Scopus. The analysis of the systems is carried out in accordance with the criteria of the above mentioned “Methodology”. The functional capabilities of the systems, available bibliometric indicators, analytical tools and information visualization capabilities for evaluating the activities of research organizations and researchers have been studied. For information systems with the function of a scientific profile, a comparative analysis of quantitative characteristics is carried out on the example of a specific scientific organization and the author (IMASH Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Maidanik Yu. F.). Conclusions were drawn about the prospects for using the analyzed resources, in particular the CoLab system to assess the publication activity of scientific organizations of the UB RAS.

Vertical interlocking and decision making in national and provincial/territorial non-profit sport organization boards

ABSTRACT This study explains the impact of vertical interlocking on national (NSO) and provincial/territorial (P/TSOs) non-profit sport organization board decision making in a federated sport model. Data were collected from six boards in Canada (two NSOs, four P/TSOs) via 36 meeting observations, 18 semi-structured interviews, and over 900 documents. Sixty-six decisions were categorized based on vertically interlocked and non-interlocked boards (three per group). Data were analyzed via an independent sample t-test (derived from a structured observation sheet to score decisions quantitatively) and a codebook thematic analysis. Results demonstrated interlocked boards differed from their non-interlocked counterparts when making decisions regarding the length, delays, interactions, and information sources (i.e., acquisition and use). Theoretically, results provide insights into vertical interlocking’s multi-dimensional impact on decision-making constructs. Practically, NSO and P/TSO boards should perceive vertical interlocking positively, given the ability to access and use information sources not available in non-interlocked boards.

Evaluating YouTube as a Good Resource for Enhancing Patient Understanding of Heart Failure.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the content and quality of heart failure posts on the video-sharing site YouTube, which is an easily accessible source of information and is becoming increasingly popular in society for obtaining health information. In December 2023, we evaluated 162 videos after applying the exclusion criteria as a result of our search with the keyword "Heart Failure" on English-sharing sites. In addition to the technical data of the videos, such as views, duration, upload day, likes, and dislikes, we also used indices such as power index and popularity score in the analyses. We evaluated the quality of the videos using the DISCERN and global quality score scales, and the content using our content score scale. We classified the videos in the study into three quality subgroups according to the scores they received on all three scales. The median number of views of the videos included in our study was 31092 (interquartile range (IQR): 3929-127758) and the median video duration was 336 (IQR: 189-843) seconds. The median popularity score was 28.25 (IQR: 4.7-143) and the median power index was 35139 (2061-308128). Group 1 (low quality) included 54 videos with a total score between 10 and 14, group 2 (medium quality) included 54 videos with a total score between 15 and 22, and group 3 (high quality) included 54 videos with a total score between 23 and 30. Views, upload day, and video duration were significantly higher for group 3 videos (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Likes and dislikes were not significantly different between groups. The popularity score was significantly higher for group 1 videos (39.5 (IQR: 6.5-200), p = 0.023), while the power index was significantly higher for group 3 videos (74206 (IQR: 9477-221408), p = 0.006). Our findings confirm that YouTube, a video-sharing website, is essential for easily sharing and spreading health-related information to a broad audience. Increased attention to videos with scientific content and high-quality scores suggests that YouTube provides accurate and quality information about heart failure. While the number of quality posts tends to increase daily, healthcare professionals should be encouraged to share high-quality scientific videos more frequently.

Economic analysis of crop protection strategies: comparing the value of increased fungicide inputs and crop genetic improvement in managing Ascochyta blight in Australian chickpeas.

Genetic improvement of crop varieties requires significant investment. Therefore, varieties must be developed to suit a broad range of breeding targets, such as yield and suitability to rainfall zones, farm management practices and quality traits. In the case of breeding for disease resistance, breeders need to consider the value of genetic improvement relative to other disease management strategies and the dynamics of pathogen genetic and phenotypic diversity. This study uses a benefit-cost analysis framework to assess the economic value of fungicide management and crop genetic improvement in disease resistance for Australian chickpea varieties. When assessing the likelihood of growers switching to new crop varieties with improved genetic resistance to disease, the simulation results reveal that adopting these varieties yielded higher net benefit values compared to implementing current fungicide strategies across all rainfall zones. On average, the increase in net benefit varied between 2.6% and 3.5%. Conversely, when we examined the scenario involving modifying the current fungicide strategy, we observed that, on average, switching from the current fungicide management strategy to one which involved additional fungicides was beneficial in about 73% of the cases. Our analysis reveals the importance of factors such as commodity prices, production costs, disease-related variables and risk aversion in determining the economic benefits of adopting new crop protection strategies. Furthermore, the research reveals the need for accessible information and reliable data sources when evaluating the benefits of new agricultural technologies. This would assist growers in making informed and sustainable disease management decisions. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Early evaluation of a natural language processing tool to improve access to educational resources for surgical patients.

Accessible patient information sources are vital in educating patients about the benefits and risks of spinal surgery, which is crucial for obtaining informed consent. We aim to assess the effectiveness of a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline in recognizing surgical procedures from clinic letters and linking this with educational resources. Retrospective examination of letters from patients seeking surgery for degenerative spinal disease at a single neurosurgical center. We utilized MedCAT, a named entity recognition and linking NLP, integrated into the electronic health record (EHR), which extracts concepts and links them to systematized nomenclature of medicine-clinical terms (SNOMED-CT). Investigators reviewed clinic letters, identifying words or phrases that described or identified operations and recording the SNOMED-CT terms as ground truth. This was compared to SNOMED-CT terms identified by the model, untrained on our dataset. A pipeline linking clinic letters to patient-specific educational resources was established, and precision, recall, and F1 scores were calculated. Across 199 letters the model identified 582 surgical procedures, and the overall pipeline after adding rules a total of 784 procedures (precision = 0.94, recall = 0.86, F1 = 0.91). Across 187 letters with identified SNOMED-CT terms the integrated pipeline linking education resources directly to the EHR was successful in 157 (78%) patients (precision = 0.99, recall = 0.87, F1 = 0.92). NLP accurately identifies surgical procedures in pre-operative clinic letters within an untrained subspecialty. Performance varies among letter authors and depends on the language used by clinicians. The identified procedures can be linked to patient education resources, potentially improving patients' understanding of surgical procedures.

PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN'S ASPIRATIONS AND STRUGGLE IN ANITA NAIR'S LESSONS IN FORGETTING

Literature is one of the most accessible sources of information about the cultural, social and socio-political history of the society. This paper focuses on the aspirations and struggle of women portrayed in the novel ‘Lessons in Forgetting’ by Anita Nair. This novel deals with the suppression, subordination, Betrayal in relationship, aspirations, struggle and seeking individuality of women in contemporary society. This article attempts to explore how aspirations and struggle help people to overcome from the predicament and to establish one’s identity.Anita Nair is a popular Indian postmodern English writer. She is considered to be bold and straight forward writer; Anita Nair exhibits confidence in tackling new themes and experiments with new techniques. Her novels depict the real life of her characters without hiding anything from the readers and she reveals the effect of social conditioning on women and how they survive in the patriarchal society and find solution to come out from their suffering especially, This novel has a strong feminine flavor where the author portrays her female protagonist as strong, determined in the same hand. She has stressed about marriage being an integral part of a woman’s life or no one cares about it. She is concerned with the studies, family, love and striving for fame and fortunes. She has portrayed such a life in this novel.

Approaching information-seeking habits and their contextual features

Introduction. In information seeking, habits manifest themselves in the ways in which people repeatedly and regularly prefer and access certain sources of information. The present study reviews how researchers in diverse field have approached such habits and characterised their contextual features. Method. Qualitative content analysis of a sample of seventy-three studies on the above topic. The research inductively identified three approaches to habits in information seeking and contextual factors affecting habitual information seeking. Results. Many of the investigations on information-seeking habits approach them in terms of the frequency of information source use. Second, such habits are characterised in terms of information-seeking patterns. Third, the information practice approach directs the main attention to habits as integral constituents of people´s customary ways to seek access to information sources as a part of their daily routines. Information-seeking habits are influenced by contextual factors such as the time and place of information seeking, familiarity with information sources, and easy access to information. Conclusion. Information-seeking habits offer familiar and often efficient ways to identify and access information sources. There is a need to explore further the nature of habitual information seeking by conducting longitudinal studies charting people´s ways and motives to prefer similar sources across situations.

The Use of Podcasts as Patient Preparation for Hospital Visits-An Interview Study Exploring Patients' Experiences.

Podcasts have emerged as a promising tool in patient preparation for hospital visits. However, the nuanced experiences of patients who engage with this medium remain underexplored. This study explored patients' experiences of receiving information by way of podcasts prior to their hospital visits. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with suspected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, or sleep apnea. The method of data analysis chosen was thematic analysis. Based on data from 24 interviews, five key themes were identified: technical challenges in utilization of podcasts; individual preferences for information prior to hospital visits; building trust and reducing anxiety through podcasts; the role of podcasts as an accessible and convenient source of information; and enhancement of engagement and empowerment through podcasts. Additionally, the study highlighted the critical importance of tailoring podcasts' content to individual preferences to optimize the delivery of healthcare information. Podcasts can serve as a meaningful supplement to traditional information sources for patients. However, it is important to recognize that not all patients may be able to engage with this medium effectively due to technical challenges or personal preferences.

The Role of E-Learning in teaching the Arabic language to non- native speakers

After the information revolution that occurred in the Western world, and the developments in all fields, especially in the field of education and e-learning, from an integrated system based on the effective employment of information and communication technology in the teaching and learning processes through an environment rich in computer and Internet applications, the community and the learner were able to access information sources and learning at any time and place, in a way that achieves mutual interaction between the elements of the system and the surrounding environment. After the occurrence of the phenomenon of Covid 19, it led to a major interruption in all educational systems that had never happened before, and the disruption or complete cessation of all joints of life in light of this mysterious virus that paralyzed the important joints in life, health and education, as this phenomenon stimulated the element of innovation, which is a human habit, so education did not stop under these circumstances, but was directed towards distance education, and the work of workshops and seminars using information and communication technology, employing this technology to transfer skills Teaching Arabic, especially to non-native speakers. The most important thing that works on the success of the process of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers is the contribution of language teachers in employing all visual and audio means and electronic platforms that allow full knowledge to reach all learners.

Mixed messages? Exposure to reports about alcohol’s suggested cardiovascular effects and hazardous alcohol use: a cross-sectional study of patients in cardiology care

BackgroundHazardous alcohol use is a leading risk factor for disability and death, yet observational studies have also reported reduced cardiovascular disease mortality among regular, low-level drinkers. Such findings are refuted by more recent research, yet have received significant media coverage. We aimed to explore: (1) how patients with cardiovascular diseases access health information about moderate drinking and cardiovascular health; (2) the perceived messages these sources convey, and (3) associations with own level of alcohol use.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients in cardiology services at three hospitals in Sweden. The study outcome was hazardous alcohol use, assessed using the AUDIT-C questionnaire and defined as ≥ 3 in women and ≥ 4 in men. The exposure was accessing information sources suggesting that moderate alcohol consumption can be good for the heart, as opposed to accessing information that alcohol is bad for the heart. Health information sources were described using descriptive statistics. Gender, age and education were adjusted for in multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 330 (66.3%) of 498 patients (mean age 70.5 years, 65% males) who had heard that drinking moderately can affect the heart described being exposed to reports that moderate alcohol use can be good for the heart, and 108 (21.7%) met criteria for hazardous alcohol use. Health information sources included newspapers (32.9%), television (29.2%), healthcare staff (13.4%), friends/family (11.8%), social media (8.9%) and websites (3.7%). Participants indicated that most reports (77.9%) conveyed mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of moderate drinking. Exposure to reports of healthy heart effects, or mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of alcohol, was associated with increased odds of hazardous alcohol use (OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.02–2.74).ConclusionsThis study suggests that many patients in cardiology care access health information about alcohol from media sources, which convey mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of alcohol. Exposure to reports that moderate drinking has protective cardiovascular effects, or mixed messages about the cardiovascular effects of alcohol, was associated with increased odds of hazardous alcohol use. Findings highlight a need for clear and consistent messages about the health effects of alcohol.

Jurnal Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual menggunakan Natural Languange Process dan Data Science

Violence against women is something that is often heard and discussed in society. Women are often victims of discrimination, harassment and violence. Sexual harassment and violence in Indonesia is certainly not only experienced by adult women, but can also be experienced by children and adult men. Although in many cases it is more experienced by women. Of all respondents who were victims of sexual violence, almost all preferred or decided not to report the sexual violence and harassment they experienced. The cause is a psychological problem because of what happened to him, which makes him confused, embarrassed, afraid and even feels self-blame for what he experienced. This is the basis for the author to build a Chatbot and Recommendation System as a form of care and also a solution for victims of sexual violence by presenting a website "preventing and handling sexual violence". Chatbots serve as a forum for information related to sexual violence such as definitions, boundaries of sexual violence categories, complaint reporting services, and as a legal umbrella that can be used to protect themselves and criminals who commit sexual violence. The data source was obtained from the Law on the Elimination of Sexual Violence. By having easily accessible legal information and official data sources, the author hopes that this can help victims to have the courage to take steps to report the acts of violence they have experienced. The recommender system provides recommendation results in the form of information on legal services and psychological consultations. Not a few victims of sexual violence certainly experience psychological problems such as feelings of confusion, shame towards other people, fear of the perpetrator, not to mention feelings of guilt that seem to blame themselves for what they have experienced. Information on psychological services is available for victims who need psychological recovery.

Early forecasting of corn yield and price variations using satellite vegetation products

Several approaches based on process-based, statistical or economic models have been developed and are currently used by market analysts and governmental agencies to forecast agricultural yields and commodity prices at the national and global scales. However, these models require input data that are often difficult to obtain before crop harvest and their predictions are not always reliable. Satellite data products provide easily accessible sources of information on vegetation characteristics, potentially relevant for predicting crop yield and commodity prices at a large scale, before harvest. This study presents and evaluates several methods for forecasting variations in US corn yield and global corn prices using regional vegetation satellite products. The spatial dimension of maps of vegetation indices derived from satellite products in the US Corn Belt is first reduced either by their spatial means or by principal components derived using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method. Mean values and EOF principal components are then used as explanatory variables in generalized LASSO linear models to forecast corn price and yield changes at different time horizons, before harvest. A cross-validation method was implemented to assess the model performances using Area under the ROC curve (AUC), the Brier Skill Score (BSS) and the Matthew Correlation Coefficient (MCC). The results revealed that EOF principal components derived from satellite-based gross primary production (GPP) in July could be used to predict variations in US corn yields, with an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1), a BSS of 0.75 and an MCC of 0.83. The results also showed that the July spatial averages of satellite GPP data obtained in the US Corn Belt could be used to forecast the forthcoming increase or decrease of global corn prices as evidenced by an AUC reaching up to 0.91, a BSS up to 0.5, and an MCC up to 0.67. Finally, we compared our forecasts of yield and price variations to those derived from the WASDE forecasting method currently implemented in the US. This comparison showed that our approach was at least as accurate and often more accurate than WASDE. This study demonstrates how satellite data can be used to forecast variations in crop yields and corn prices several months before harvest.

Assessing the Availability of Information Sources and Services During the COVID 19 Pandemic in University Libraries in Nigeria

The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic hampered the availability of information sources and services in most academic institutions around the world. Making information available during major crisis reveals the long-standing position of the library in helping its patrons. This post COVID-19 study that took place between February 2020 and January 2021 investigated the availability of information sources and services during the COVID-19 pandemic in university libraries in Nigeria. Using a descriptive design, the study used 240 students who were purposely selected from 30 universities including federal, state and private universities in South-South geographical zone of Nigeria as sample. The study revealed that information sources such as: e-books, print journals, e-journals and electronic databases and services such as: Circulation, interlibrary loan, remote access, SDI, online reference services among others were available to the patrons in university libraries in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings showed that the inhibiting factors against the availability of information sources and service in university libraries were poor telecommunication network, closure of some library sections, lack of preparation, unavailability of library policy on pandemic/disaster management and poor coordination among others. The study recommended some areas for improvement to ensure the availability of information sources and services to the library patrons during major crisis.

Oral health literacy among migrant mothers in Sweden. A qualitative study

ObjectiveThis interview study explored the oral health literacy of migrant mothers in Sweden, with special reference to where and why they access information about oral health and how they determine the credibility of such information.Material and methodIn-depth interviews were conducted with seven migrant mothers of children up to 10 years old. The mothers had entered Sweden from 2015 onwards and had been resettled in Kalmar County, Sweden. Their native language was Somalian, Dari or Arabic. The interview questions concerned the participants’ experiences of seeking oral health information, as well as oral health in general and dental health services. The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe main findings indicate that migrant mothers used information sourcing as a pathway to solve oral health literacy tasks. Three main categories were identified, each with subcategories, describing the migrant mothers’ experiences of accessing and evaluating oral health information: ‘accessible source of information’, ‘needs-related purpose of seeking information’ and ‘trustworthiness assessment’. The migrant mothers reported that in case of a dental emergency or general queries, they sought oral health information from professionals and social sources. Moreover, they perceived oral health information to be most reliable when it was provided by dental professionals, was a recurring theme, or constituted majority opinion.ConclusionTo improve oral health literacy in migrant mothers of young children, it is important not only to provide consistent and recurrent oral health information through accessible information channels, but also to adapt dental care to be more culturally appropriate.