Parental Acceptance Research Articles

Mental Health and Gender Affirmation of Black and Latine Transgender/Nonbinary Youth Compared to White Peers Prior to Hormone Initiation

PurposeTo compare baseline mental health symptoms and gender affirmation between Black/Latine versus White transgender/nonbinary youth (BLTY vs. WTY) and examine relationships between gender affirmation and mental health symptoms, and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity subgroup. MethodsBaseline data were analyzed from the gender-affirming hormone cohort of the Trans Youth Care United States Study—a 4-clinic site, observational study. Mental health symptoms assessed included depression, suicidality, and anxiety. Gender affirmation measures included the parental acceptance subscale from the perceived Parental Attitudes of Gender Expansiveness Scale-Youth Report; non-affirmation, internalized transphobia, and community connectedness subscales from the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure–Adolescent; and self-reported living full time in affirmed gender. Fisher exact tests and independent sample t tests compared mental health symptoms and gender affirmation between subgroups. Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between gender affirmation and mental health symptoms. Interaction analyses assessed differences in associations between subgroups. ResultsThe sample (mean age 16 years, range 12–20 years) included 92 BLTY (35%) and 170 WTY (65%). Subgroups had comparable prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms. WTY had higher prevalence of lifetime suicidality (73% vs. 59%; p = .02). There were no differences in gender affirmation. Among the whole sample, higher parental acceptance decreased odds of depression symptoms. Not living in affirmed gender increased odds of depression symptoms. Higher non-affirmation and internalized transphobia increased odds of depression and anxiety symptoms and suicidality. Associations did not vary by subgroup. DiscussionBLTY and WTY had comparable mental health symptoms. For both subgroups, gender affirmation decreased odds of those symptoms.

Joint music sessions, parents, and their lesbian and gay young adult children: Effectiveness on the ‘coming out’ process, relationships, and wellbeing

‘Coming out’ can be a psychologically challenging event and parental acceptance is often a prime concern. This article reports a study on the impact of music sessions delivered online and jointly for dyads of parents and their young adult children with lesbian and gay sexual identities in improving parental acceptance of sexual orientation, parent adult relationships, and wellbeing, compared to a waitlist control group. The music sessions were effective (Hedges’ g= −0.91 to 0.67; p < 0.05) and participants with higher formal education (postgraduate or professional degree), and whose intervention compliance was higher (>50% music sessions attended and homework sessions completed), were reported higher post-test scores on perceived parental support on sexual orientation, positive dimensions of parent adult relationships (warmth or affection, thoughtfulness, doing favors, and support of decisions made), and wellbeing, and lower post-test scores on negative dimensions of parent adult relationships (anger/hostility, insensitivity, demanding favors, and doubts on decisions made). Actor-partner interdependence models suggested that post-test outcome scores of parents and young adults were mutually interdependent and associated. With adequate emphasis on program compliance and some refinements for participant dyads with less formal education, music sessions enhance relationality and can be an effective family-based intervention for persons with diverse sexual identities.

Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Multiple COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in adolescents; these vaccines play a critical role in limiting the transmission and impact of COVID-19. This systematic review aims to summarize the willingness of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years to receive the COVID-19 vaccination and the factors influencing their decision. A search of literature published between January 2018 and August 2022 was performed in Medline©, EMBASE©. and CINAHL© electronic databases. Studies published in English that assessed adolescents' intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were included. Qualitative studies and those unrelated to the COVID-19 vaccine were excluded. The study was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 1074 articles retrieved, 13 were included in the final review. Most studies were conducted in the US (n = 3) and China (n = 3). The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among adolescents was 63% (95% CI: 52-73%). Factors influencing intent to vaccinate were divided into five categories: "Socio-demographic determinants"; "Communication about COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination"; "COVID-19 vaccine and related issues"; "COVID-19 infection and related issues" and "Other determinants". The enablers were sociodemographic factors including older age, higher education level, good health perception, and parental norms in terms of parental vaccination acceptance; perceived vaccine effectiveness and safety; a desire to protect themselves and others; recent vaccination; and anxiety. The barriers were concerns over vaccine effectiveness, safety, and long-term side effects; low perceived necessity and risk of infection; and needle phobia. This review highlighted that adolescents' intent to vaccinate is driven by a desire to protect themselves and others. However, concerns over vaccine effectiveness, safety, and long-term side effects hinder COVID-19 vaccine uptake. To improve vaccination acceptance, policymakers should address adolescents' concerns via more targeted public health messaging, while schools should leverage peer norms to positively influence vaccination intent.

A study on the life satisfaction, resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress levels of LGBT+ individuals according to parental acceptance and life skills

This study aims to examine the life satisfaction, resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress levels of LGBT+ individuals significantly differ according to being LGBT+, levels of parental acceptance and life skills. 171 LGBT+ individuals who live in different cities in Turkey and over 18 years. participated in the study. “The Life Satisfaction Scale”, “The Brief Resilience Scale”, “Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)”, “Turkish adaptation of the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire Short Form”, “Life Skills Scale”, and a “Personal Information Form” were used to collect the study data. MANOVA-Wilks Lambda(λ) was utilized for data analysis. The study results revealed that LGBT+ individuals’ life satisfaction, resilience, depression, anxiety, and stress levels significantly differ according to being LGBT+, life skills, parental acceptance, economic income and education level. LGBT+ individuals with high parental acceptance and life skills were found to experience higher levels of life satisfaction and resilience and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The findings of the study have been discussed with relevant literature and suggestions have been offered. (Extended English summary is at the end of this document) Özet Araştırmanın amacı LGBT+ bireylerin yaşam doyumu, psikolojik sağlamlık, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerinin LGBT+ olmaya, ebeveyn kabulüne ve yaşam becerilerine göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcı grubuna ulaşmada kartopu ve amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya, Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde yaşayan ve 18 yaşından büyük 171 LGBT+ gönüllüsü katılmıştır. Araştırmada verileri elde etmek için “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği”, “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği”, “Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeği”, “Yetişkin Ebeveyn Kabul-Reddi Ölçeği (Kısa Form)”, “Yaşam Becerileri Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgiler Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, MANOVA-Wilks Lambda (λ) Testinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular ışığında, LGBT+ bireylerin yaşam doyumu, psikolojik sağlamlık, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri LGBT+ olmalarına, ebeveyn kabulüne ve yaşam becerilerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Anne ve baba kabulü yüksek olan LGBT+ bireylerin yaşam doyumu ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyi daha yüksek; depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyi daha düşük bulunmuştur. Yaşam becerileri yüksek olan LGBT+ bireylerin yaşam doyumu düzeyi ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyi daha yüksek; depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri daha düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, araştırmanın bulguları ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.

Parental Acceptance, Parental Hesitancy, and Uptake of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination among Children Aged 6-59 Months: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the literature on parental acceptance, parental hesitancy, uptake, and the associated factors of seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) among children aged 6-59 months. Studies were sourced from the following platforms: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of parental acceptance, parental hesitancy, and SIV uptake in the last flu season and lifetime among children. A total of 36 studies were included for analysis. The overall prevalence was 64% for parental acceptance (95% CI: 51-75%), 34% for parental hesitancy (95% CI: 22-48%), 41% for SIV uptake in the last flu season (95% CI: 33-50%), and 46% for SIV uptake in a lifetime (95% CI: 20-74%). Associated factors of parental acceptance/hesitancy and uptake included the age of the children or parents, parental education level, household income level, ethnicity, and other modifiable factors, including perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and cues to action related to SIV. Meta-regression analyses revealed regional differences in parental acceptance (Americas: 79% vs. Asia: 60%). The results provided implications informing us of the development of intervention programs targeting parents to improve SIV coverage among young children.

Parental acceptability of vaccinating young children against influenza and COVID-19

IntroductionThe struggle against influenza, and more recently against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), relies mostly on protective measures and vaccines. In France, COVID-19 vaccination campaigns include children over 5 years of age, whereas the influenza vaccine is reserved for children and infants older than 6 months with severe chronic disease. The final decision to vaccinate ultimately rests with the parents. This study aimed to explore the opinions of parents regarding COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations, and which factors are likely to influence their decision in order to improve prevention approaches, and thus obtain better vaccination coverage among children. Methods and surveyIn this trans-sectional multicenter survey, self-administered questionnaires were sent to parents of children attending 14 childcare institutions over a period of 2 months, December 2021-February 2022. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: the first collected general, social and professional data, the second addressed perceived parental acceptability regarding influenza and COVID-19 vaccinations in healthy children, while the last section explored the main sources of information consulted by the parents regarding vaccinations. Subject’s characteristics were described using number and percentages, as they are all categorical variables. Description of answers regarding both influenza and COVID-19 sources of information data were performed. Characteristics of patients answers were described and compared according to intention of vaccine groups. ResultsAmong the 343 questionnaires collected, 41.7 % of respondents stated they were supportive of vaccination of their children against influenza and 37 % against COVID-19. Media (Internet, TV and radio) were the most cited sources of information. Incentive factors for both vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 were individual, and collective protection. Limiting factors were fear of side effect and Age of the child. Media was the sole source of information, concerning vaccination against influenza for 59 % non-graduates and 28 % of participants having a higher education level, and respectively 49 % and 19 % for vaccination against COVID-19. The acceptability rate was influenced by the level of education and the sources of information. Discussion and conclusionAbout 40 % of the parents were supportive of children’s vaccinations against COVID-19 and influenza respectively (37 % and 42 %) in order to protect the vulnerable people around them. The media influences the decision to vaccinate especially when the level of education is low.

The Protective Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Intergenerational Cycles of Neglect.

Offspring of parents who experienced childhood neglect are at increased risk for developing internalizing problems. Empirical evidence suggests this link is principally mediated through parenting behavior. However, such intergenerational cycles of adversity are found to be disrupted in many families. Parasympathetic nervous system functioning is well documented to mediate individuals' emotion regulation biologically. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a validated biomarker for parasympathetic activity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the moderating role of parent RSA reactivity in the effect of parents' childhood neglect on their children's internalizing problems, through parental acceptance. Physiological and survey data were collected from 145 dyads (94% mothers; Youth Mage = 12.9, Youth SDage = 0.85). Results suggest that the effect of parents' childhood neglect on their child's internalizing problems was conditional on parents' RSA reactivity. Specifically, higher levels of parents' neglect were only linked to increased risk for youth internalizing problems if parents exhibited a lack of RSA withdrawal. Further, this moderating effect was found to be mediated through parental acceptance. Findings suggest understanding intergenerational consequences of child maltreatment contexts should include consideration of bioregulatory factors.

Online and Self-Help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Parents of Children with Chronic Conditions and Developmental Disabilities: What Happens after the Intervention?

We investigated the follow-up (3- and 6-month) intervention effects of two ACT-interventions for parents of children with chronic and developmental conditions. Parents (N = 110) were randomly assigned to the supported iACT (n = 57) or to the Self-help ACT (n = 53). At 3-month follow-up, symptoms of burnout decreased more in the supported iACT group, whereas, unexpectedly, psychological flexibility decreased in both groups. However, at the 6-month follow-up, the iACT group reported decreased symptoms and increased psychological flexibility skills. Online and self-help ACT interventions may be beneficial to this population and decrease their risk of psychopathology.

The Journey Full of Emotions: Parents’ Experiences in Raising Children with Cerebral Palsy

Raising a child with cerebral palsy (CP) is a formidable challenge for parents that can lead to tension and reality denial. This qualitative study aims to explore the parenting experience and the acceptance process of parents towards children with CP. This study used a qualitative design with semi-structured in-depth interviews. Three mothers and two fathers of children with CP were involved as interviewees. Data analysis was carried out using deductive thematic analysis technique. Common themes such as post-diagnosis denial; a long and emotional acceptance process; spouse's involvement in parenting; spiritual implication; the need for community support, are experienced by parents. Parental acceptance towards a child with CP is a long, complex, and emotional process. In conclusion, families that are able to achieve acceptance more easily adapting to family changes and dealing with stress. The findings of this study became an important milestone for the development of studies in the fields of family, disability, and social work.

Parental vaccine acceptance and refusal among neonatal period; single center retrospective study

INTRODUCTION: Vaccine hesitancy is a world-wide public health problem still persisting despite the mounting scientific evidence of the positive effects of vaccines on community health. The prevalence and causes vary based on cultural and sociological characteristics. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the situation of vaccine acceptance among parents who gave birth in our hospital. METHODS: This study is a retrospective descriptive study. The medical and vaccination records of mothers and babies born between June 2017 and June 2022 at Istanbul Medipol University Education and Research Hospital were examined. Socio-demographic data, mother's age, prenatal, natal and postnatal history, baby's gender, birth weight, vaccines and vitamin K status were recorded on the data form. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The total number of births in our hospital over a 5-year period was calculated as 15,417. The population of the study was made up of 192 (1.24%) cases, registered in epicrisis and infant birth records as vaccine refusal. The mean age of mothers was 30.72 (min: 20; max: 45) and the mean gestation week was 38.28 weeks (min: 32; max: 42; missing: 22). mean birth weight of the babies was 3008.78 grams and 56.25% of the babies were male. Considering vitamin K administration status of the cases, 61.73% (n: 121) did not accept. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases. Vaccination, one of the basic elements of preventive medicine in child health monitoring, should be carried out uninterruptedly. As a result, vaccine hesitancy rates can be reduced by partnering with each healthcare worker in solution strategies to increase vaccine acceptance. Education and awareness studies are also needed in this regard.

Parental acceptance of typhoid conjugate vaccine for children aged 6 months to 15 years in an outbreak setting of Lyari Town Karachi, Pakistan

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the parental acceptance of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) and to determine the predictors of TCV vaccination status among children in an outbreak setting of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever in Karachi, Pakistan. MethodsA cross-sectional survey using the WHO recommended rapid vaccine coverage assessment technique was conducted. Out of 11, four union councils (UCs) in Lyari Town were randomly selected. A parent or primary caretaker from the eligible household was interviewed. Data were collected using a locally validated vaccine attitudes scale (VAS). Sum of scores was calculated for VAS. A higher score denoted negative attitudes and perceptions regarding TCV and vice versa. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of TCV vaccination status. ResultsBased on the 14-item parental VAS, 78.0 % of the parents had a score between 0 to <40 and 22 % had a score ≥40. VAS score of <40 was significantly associated with higher odds of receiving TCV during the campaign setting (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.30; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02, 1.66). The odds of receiving TCV vaccination were higher among children whose parents were aware of the ongoing vaccination campaign in the area (aOR: 4.57; 95 % CI: 2.93, 7.12) and expressed willingness to get their child vaccinated against typhoid fever (aOR: 2.54; 95 % CI: 1.82, 3.55). ConclusionParental awareness of the ongoing vaccination campaign, positive perception and attitudes towards vaccine were found to be significantly associated with TCV vaccination among children. Appropriately structured pre-vaccination awareness campaigns focused on childhood vaccination targeted towards parents are necessary to improve parental awareness, attitude and behavior towards vaccination.

Vaccinating the future: Parental acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccination in children aged 6-11 years in Indonesia through the Health Belief Model

Context: The current study focuses on the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among parents of children aged 6-11 years, based on a review of the Health Belief Model (HBM) behavioral theory, Indonesia. Aims: To investigate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among parents of children aged 6-11 years in Indonesia based on a review of the HBM behavioral theory. Methods: A national, cross-sectional was conducted in June-August 2022. The self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 400 parents. Results: A total of 400 participants completed the questionnaire, of whom 87.3% received vaccination for their 6–11 years old children. Participants who had adequate information about the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 27.543; Cl 95% =3.514–215.901) were among the most amenable to vaccinating their children. The results indicated that the HBM construct explained 83.9% (R square = 0.839) of the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. However, there are still some parents who reject vaccines due to lack of information, on parental knowledge of vaccine adverse events, and sources of information used by parents, among others. Conclusions: Parents of children aged 6-11 years old in Indonesia are accepting to receive COVID-19 vaccinations. However, there are still some parents who refuse vaccines. The urge to act construct contributed significantly to the vaccine acceptance variable, and those who had received enough information about the COVID-19 vaccine were more amenable. Therefore, the government of the Republic of Indonesia's efforts must be directed toward increasing parents' vaccine awareness and tackling the constructs of the Health Belief Model through a well-designed vaccination campaign.

The relationship between parental stress and psychological adjustment of the children: The role of parental psychological flexibility as a mediator

There is growing interest in parental psychological flexibility, understood as parents' ability to enjoy an optimal relationship with their children by accepting their negative emotions and thoughts in the present moment, while remaining child-conscious, in value-based parenting. Parenting can sometimes be stressful, especially when faced with the varied and changing challenges of parenthood. Parental stress, in turn, has been related to high levels of psychological inflexibility. So, this study aimed to analyze the relationship of parental psychological flexibility with parental stress and its impact on children's psychological adjustment. The sample consisted of 909 families with children aged 3–18 years who answered the following questionnaires: The Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ), which measures psychological flexibility, the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), and the Strenght and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which studies the general psychological state of children and adolescents by screening for emotional and behavioral difficulties. These variables were analyzed by difference analysis according to the level of psychological flexibility, regression analysis, and mediation analysis. The group of parents who scored highest on psychological inflexibility scored high on parental stress and the child psychological adjustment scales, except for the prosocial behavior subscale. The results show that parental psychological inflexibility is related to higher levels of parental stress, and in turn, has an impact on greater psychological maladjustment in children. These relationships are analyzed from their clinical and educational implications as factors and objectives to be incorporated into family intervention.

Evaluation of Parents’ Knowledge about Nutritional Management of children with Phenylketonuria

Abstract&#x0D; Objective(s): to Evaluation of Parents’ Knowledge about Nutritional Management of kids with Phenylketonuria; to Identify the association between parents’ Knowledge about nutritional management then their demographic variables of fathers, mothers (parents age, residence then socioeconomic position).&#x0D; Methodology: A non-experimental project; was accompanied on parents of phenylketonuria kid in Baghdad town since the period 3 June to 5 October 2022. A Non-probability sample (convenience) of 35 PKU children and their parents (father and mother) was selected Purposively from the hospitals that are select for the study. A survey is built for the purpose of the education throughout a review of applicable literature. It composed of two parts: The first part Demographic Characteristics: parents' Demographic features and Socioeconomic Status; And the second part is Parents’ Knowledge about Nutritional Management of children with Phenylketonuria. The internal consistency between items was strongminded by using alpha Cronbach`s coefficient. The consistency analysis shows very good evaluation for knowledge scale. Data was collected from one hospital in Baghdad city beside al-Rusafa\ Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital for maternity and Children, after the approval of the director of the hospital and the acceptance of parents to involve themselves and their children in the study. data are examined using Statistical Data Analysis: Frequencies, percentage, mean scores, standard deviation, mean, whole scores then ranges-test and one - way analysis of variance.&#x0D; Results: Outcomes presented that (62.9%) of the parents showing moderates knowledge of Parents about and nutrition knowledge of children with phenylketonuria during pre-test time, while they show very good close of knowledge through the post-examination time 1 and post-examination time 2.&#x0D; Conclusions: Overall evaluation of Parents’ knowledge about Nutritional Management for Children with Phenylketonuria showing moderate knowledge about nutritional management during pre-test time, their knowledge level is increased to very good through the post-examination time 1 and 2, and a study confirms that older parents are better knowledge.&#x0D; Recommendations: The study recommends that Parents of phenylketonuria children should be very well-oriented and greatly aware about the importance of Nutritional Management. Additional research studies container remains carried out with respect to big sample scope and wide variety variables, particularly, nationwide studies.&#x0D; Key Words: Evaluation, Parents’ Knowledge, Nutritional Management, Phenylketonuria.

Ebeveyn Eğitimine Odaklanan Bir Oyun Terapisi Modeli: Çocuk-Ebeveyn İlişki Terapisi

Child-Parent Relationship Therapy is an approach that combines play therapy and family therapy. It is based on the idea of teaching parents the skills of structuring, emphatic listening, imaginary play and limit-setting and enabling their children to become play therapists. The overall aim is to strengthen the child-parent relationship. It is a structured, 10-week, group format training for parents with children aged 3-10. After 3 week-parent training, special play sessions with their children for 7 weeks begin in parallel with the training sessions. These sessions teach parents to recognize their children's emotions, listen effectively, build self-esteem, and set boundaries therapeutically, while helping parents develop parenting skills. In this review, the history of Child-Parent Relationship Therapy, its aims, parent-child interaction and training dimensions, playroom and toy selection, content of training sessions and research studies on its effectiveness are explained. Evaluating the model, it was seen that CPRT was an effective approach in reducing parental stress and behavioral problems of children, and improving parental acceptance and empathy levels.

Playing it down - effectiveness of clay therapy, origami and building blocks in the management of dental anxiety among children aged 6-10 years

Background: Children experience dental anxiety during their first dental visit, which affects the quality of dental treatment and gives rise to behaviour management problems. Clay, origami and building blocks have been effective in alleviating hospitalization anxiety in pediatric patients. These successful techniques in hospitalized pediatric patients have seldom been used in the dental set up. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and compare the efficacy of clay therapy, origami and building blocks in the management of dental anxiety in children aged 6-10 years. Methods: Sixty children aged 6-10 years, with no previous dentist exposure, with Frankl’s behaviour rating 2 or 3 having dental caries with international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) score 3 requiring restorations without local anesthesia were selected and divided into four groups. Group 1 – clay therapy; group 2 - building blocks; group 3 – origami; and group 4 – tell show do. Pulse rate, facial image scale (FIS) and face, leg, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) behaviour scales were used to quantify anxious behaviour. Operator compliance and parent acceptance was rated on the Likert scale. Results: The results showed lower mean pulse rates, lower FIS and FLACC scores, and better operator compliance and parental acceptance in clay therapy, origami and building blocks groups than in the conventional tell-show-do group. The most significant reduction in all the parameters was seen in the clay therapy group. Conclusions: Clay therapy, origami and building blocks can be used as an effective means to reduce dental anxiety in children.

Acceptance and commitment therapy in parents of children with cancer at psychosocial risk: A randomized multiple baseline evaluation

Developing and testing psychological interventions for primary caregivers of children with cancer at significant psychosocial risk is still needed. One psychological factor contributing to their emotional distress is repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study conducted a randomized, multiple-baseline evaluation of the effect of an individual, online, 2-session, RNT-focused ACT intervention in 12 parents. Participants responded to daily measures of emotional symptoms, RNT, and progress in values during baseline, intervention, and the 2-month follow-up. These measures have shown adequate psychometric properties at the individual level in this study. All 12 participants completed the intervention. A Bayesian hierarchical model indicated that most participants showed reductions in emotional symptoms and RNT (10 of 11), and 8 of 12 participants showed increases in valued living. The design-comparable standardized mean difference was computed to estimate the intervention effect overall. The effect sizes were large for all variables (PHQ-4: d = 0.83, 95% CI [0.27, 1.40]; RNTQ-3: d = 0.81, 95% CI [0.34, 1.28]; VQ-3: d = 1.07, 95% CI [0.22, 1.91]). Participants evaluated the intervention as useful at the 2-month follow-up. In conclusion, a brief and online RNT-focused intervention showed promising results in parents of children with cancer at significant psychosocial risk.

Perceptions and acceptability of HPV vaccination among parents of female adolescents 9–14 in China: A cross-sectional survey based on the theory of planned behavior

ABSTRACT HPV vaccine uptake remains low in China, especially among girls. Recently, China has initiated a pilot program on HPV immunization for girls 9–14. From November to December 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of girls 9–14 in China through a web-based anonymous online questionnaire survey. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze parental acceptability. Hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling were to determine associated factors. A total of 5623 participants were included in the analysis. 21.2% girls had received HPV vaccine, and 94.3% parents intended to receive vaccination for their daughters, the Kappa values between them was −0.016. 31.9% of vaccinated mothers had received HPV vaccine for their daughters, vaccination history had a positive impact on behavior (β = 0.048). Attitude (β = 0.186), subjective norms (β = 0.148) and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.648) had a positive impact on intention. Vaccination intention mediated the relationships between attitude (β = 0.044), subjective norms (β = 0.035), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.154) with behavior. There is a gap between vaccination intention and behavior in parents of girls 9–14. Perceived behavior control had a strong association on HPV vaccination behavior.

Insect homolog of oxytocin/vasopressin associated with parenting of males but not females in a subsocial beetle.

Parental care is thought to evolve through modification of behavioral precursors, which predicts that the mechanistic changes occur in the genes underlying those traits. The duplicated gene system of oxytocin/vasopressin has been broadly co-opted across vertebrates to influence parenting, from a pre-duplication ancestral role in water balance. It remains unclear whether co-option of these genes for parenting is limited to vertebrates. Here, we experimentally tested for associations between inotocin gene expression and water balance, parental acceptance of offspring, and active parenting in the subsocial beetle Nicrophorus orbicollis, to test whether this single copy homologue of the oxytocin/vasopressin system, has similarly been co-opted for parental care in a species with elaborate parenting. As expected, inotocin was associated with water balance in both sexes. Inotocin expression increased around sexual maturation in both males and females, although more clearly in males. Finally, we found that expression of inotocin was not associated with acceptance of larvae but was associated with a transition to male but not female parenting. Moreover, level of offspring provisioning behavior and gene expression were positively correlated in males but uncorrelated in females. Our results suggest a broad co-option of this system for parenting that may have existed prior to gene duplication, and that inotocin may be associated with flexibility in parenting behavior.

Relationship of Parental Attachment, Support, and Acceptance as LGBTQIA+

Relationship of Parental Attachment, Support, and Acceptance as LGBTQIA+