Set Of Acceptable Values Research Articles

Methodological approach to the system assessment of the safety of complex technical systems

An approach to the system assessment of the danger and safety of complex technical systems is considered. It is assumed that security is not a property similar to the definition of reliability. Safety is the state of a system when it is present or functioning in a certain environment, in which there are no negative impacts on composite objects within this system or on other objects located in this environment. A methodological approach to the qualitative and quantitative determination of danger and safety, as well as the risks of dangerous situations, is presented. The potential loss function depending on the vector of all phase coordinates of the complex technical system (CTS) is considered. In the general case, a potential loss function is presented that depends on the vector of all the phase coordinates of the CTS, and not only its spatial position. The criteria defining dangerous (or unacceptable) states of the system should be dynamic in the sense that they should depend on the stage of the system functioning. The approach to assessing the safety of the system operation consists in identifying a set of unacceptable values of the vector of system parameters and the vector of unacceptable phase coordinates. The approach to the assessment of the safety of the functioning of the STS according to the requirements of ensuring the required level of operational efficiency is considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the system, taking into account the safety conditions, is determined. The identification of the set of acceptable values of the vector of CTS parameters by the criterion of efficiency for the intended purpose is carried out. The indicator of the effectiveness of the functioning of the CTS is determined, taking into account the requirements for safety and aggressive influences from the external environment.

An Algorithm for Generating Sets of Acceptable Energy Supply Values for Intelligent Systems for Carrying Heavy Trains

This article deals with an algorithm for generating a set of acceptable values of energy supply indicators. This algorithm has been designed for use in intelligent systems to make decisions on the carrying of heavy trains on limiting sections. Using the generated sets of permissible parameters of operational indicators for weight, speed, and location of oncoming and passing trains will allow sending trains according to energy-efficient train paths. The algorithm contains sections of energy supply and cargo turnover, assessment of the acceptable parameters of electricity supply, and obtaining a set of acceptable parameters of operational parameters of train accommodation.

Method of Generalized Evaluation in the Selecting Factors and Levels of Variation in the Multifactorial Study of Sowing Machines

The results of studying complex objects can be presented as a problem with several outputs, and this will require a separate mathematical model for each result. If we use a generalized optimization criterion (super criterion), for example, in the form of the Harrington desirability function, one model will suffice. The authors have drawn an example of applying this methodology to determine the factors influencing the seeding process performed with an experimental seeder.(Research purpose) To show general recommendations for improving the process of planning and organization of scientific experiments in the field of agricultural engineering.(Materials and methods) The authors were guided by the idea of converting the natural values of particular criteria (or characteristics) into a dimensionless scale of desirability with subsequent assessment of the level of preference of a set of factors and their levels of variation in a multifactorial experiment. The object of research was represented by a sowing unit used for combined seeding of two crops. (Results and discussion) The study has established the following levels of desirability of natural output values (combinations of the variation levels of experimental factors): "very good", "good", "satisfactory", "bad", and "very bad". The rate of influence of these factors on corn seed sowing with an experimental seeder was obtained by applying a priori ranking technique. An acceptable set of values (a combination of optimal and maximum values) from the range of factors variation was revealed, which provides for more qualitative choice of the main factors influencing the optimization parameter. The authors have demonstrated the operation of the patented software to calculate data according to the Box-Behnken plan, which allows to obtain sufficient information about the response surface of the process in the experiment center selected as the expected optimum. (Conclusions) The paper presents the way of preparing for an experiment and subsequent processing of the results of complex studies using the super criterion. The necessity for digitalizing the process of planning and organization of scientific experiments has been emphasized.

Interval observer for LPV systems: Application to vehicle lateral dynamics

This paper presents a new method for guaranteed and robust estimation of sideslip angle and lateral tire forces with consideration of cornering stiffness variations resulting from changes in tire/road and driving conditions. An interval LPV observer with both measurable and unmeasurable time-varying parameters is proposed. The longitudinal velocity is treated as the online measured time-varying parameter and the cornering stiffness at front and rear tires are assumed to be unknown but bounded with a priori known bounds. The obtained results are no more punctual values but a set of acceptable values. The simulation is based on experimental data in order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed observers.

Norms and value based reasoning: justifying compliance and violation

There is an increasing need for norms to be embedded in technology as the widespread deployment of applications such as autonomous driving, warfare and big data analysis for crime fighting and counter-terrorism becomes ever closer. Current approaches to norms in multi-agent systems tend either to simply make prohibited actions unavailable, or to provide a set of rules (principles) which the agent is obliged to follow, either as part of its design or to avoid sanctions and punishments. In this paper we argue for the position that agents should be equipped with the ability to reason about a system’s norms, by reasoning about the social and moral values that norms are designed to serve; that is, perform the sort of moral reasoning we expect of humans. In particular we highlight the need for such reasoning when circumstances are such that the rules should arguably be broken, so that the reasoning can guide agents in deciding whether to comply with the norms and, if violation is desirable, how best to violate them. One approach to enabling this is to make use of an argumentation scheme based on values and designed for practical reasoning: arguments for and against actions are generated using this scheme and agents choose between actions based on their preferences over these values. Moral reasoning then requires that agents have an acceptable set of values and an acceptable ordering on their values. We first discuss how this approach can be used to think about and justify norms in general, and then discuss how this reasoning can be used to think about when norms should be violated, and the form this violation should take. We illustrate how value based reasoning can be used to decide when and how to violate a norm using a road traffic example. We also briefly consider what makes an ordering on values acceptable, and how such an ordering might be determined.

Model-Based Comparison of the Normal and Fontan Circulatory Systems: Part I: Development of a General Purpose, Interactive Cardiovascular Model.

Every year, approximately 1,000 Fontan operations are performed in the United States. Transplant-free, 30-year survival is only 50%. Although some performance characteristics may be universal among Fontan survivors, others may be patient specific and tunable; in either case, a quantitatively rigorous understanding of the Fontan circulatory arrangement would facilitate improvements in patient surveillance and management. To create a computational model of a normal two-year-old and a two-year-old patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) following staged surgical palliations, we extensively modified the lumped parameter model developed by Clark, a multicompartment model of both pulmonary and systemic circulations. With appropriately scaled parameter values, we achieved a maximum relative error (against target values for clinically realistic hemodynamic variables for the normal two-year-old) of 2.8% and an average relative error of 0.9%. Employing the model of a Fontan operation, we achieved a maximum relative error of 2.0% and the average relative error of 0.8%. Even with >200 model parameters, once we identified an acceptable set of values for the normal, only 12 required modification in order to attain clinically plausible hemodynamics in the HLHS after Fontan. When placed within the broad context of our extensive model, the impact on cardiac output of the resistance of the total cavopulmonary connection is found to be significantly affected by ventricular elastance and to be much lower in the two-year-old than in patients with markedly lower end-diastolic elastance (higher end-diastolic compliance).