Programming System Research Articles

Enhancing Heterogeneous Communication for Foggy Highways Using Vehicular Platoons and SDN

Establishing a safe and stable routing path for a source–destination pair is necessary regardless of the weather conditions. The reason for this is that vehicles can improve safety on the road by exchanging messages and updating each other on the current conditions of both roads and vehicles. This paper intends to solve the problem of when foggy roads make it difficult for drivers to travel, especially when people encounter emergency situations and have no other option but to drive in foggy weather. Although the literature offers few solutions to the problem, no one has considered integrating software-defined networking into vehicular networks for foggy roads to create an optimal routing path. Moreover, it is of significance to mention that vehicles in adverse weather conditions travel following each other and maintaining a constant safety distance, which leads to the formation of a platoon. Considering this, we propose a heterogeneous communication protocol in a software-defined vehicular network to establish an optimal routing path using platoons on foggy highways. Different cases were tested to show how platoons behave in high connectivity and sparsity, achieving a maximum delivery ratio of 99%, a delay of 2 ms, an overhead of 55%, and an acceptable number of hops compared to reference schemes.

Exploring Nutrient-Adequate Sustainable Diet Scenarios That Are Plant-Based but Animal-Optimized.

Background: Transitions toward more sustainable food systems may become rather polarized, particularly in the plant-based vs. animal-based debate. These discussions, however, are often based on environmental impact data from individual products or product groups and do not consider that the products together should form a nutrient-adequate diet that is also affordable. Linear programming approaches are ideal for exploring the impact of changes in diet composition on environmental impact and price while ensuring nutrient adequacy. Methods: In this study, we used a linear programming system, Optimeal 2.0, based on the diet in the Netherlands to explore the impact of changing the contributions of specific food groups on the environmental impact and price of the diet. Results: Reducing the amount of meat products in the diet reduced the environmental impact but increased the price. On the other hand, when dairy products were reduced or even omitted, the environmental impact of the nutrient-adequate optimized diet did not change notably, but prices increased notably. This could be attributed to the fact that the products required to compensate for the nutrient gaps by removing dairy products have equal environmental impact and higher prices. Increasing vegetable or fruit consumption increased price but did not affect the environmental impact nor did it increase the consumption of beans and pulses when kept within realistic levels. Conclusions: Overall, this work strongly highlights that consideration of 'sustainability' at a food product level is insufficient and that their role in nutrient-adequate diets needs to be considered. Furthermore, dietary shifts should be considered from the perspective of affordability and consumer preferences.

Transnationalizing Reception: Racial Scripts, Institutional Logics, and Congolese Refugee Processing in the United States and Brazil

While national reception contexts formatively shape immigration possibilities and experiences, we argue that transnational racial dynamics play an underappreciated role. Juxtaposing two independent ethnographies of the U.S. resettlement program and Brazilian asylum system, we show that Congolese refugees encounter strikingly similar racialized logics of reception as they move through these formerly distinct national institutions. Bridging transnational perspectives in immigration research and critical race theory, we argue that frontline practitioners tasked with implementing credibility and vulnerability assessments diffuse across the global refugee regime draw on shared racial scripts to interpret, process, and receive Congolese refugees. Although manifest within local contexts, these scripts stem from ongoing global and transnational histories that undergird common views about Blackness and African migrants across the Americas. Our findings have three implications. First, we demonstrate the importance of transnational analytics in understanding dynamics of immigrant reception. Second, we show how racial notions permeate these dynamics through the entanglement of globalized racial orders and institutional logics across disconnected national contexts. Finally, we identify the cultural work of policy administrators as a mechanism through which transnational dynamics of racial domination are instantiated in everyday life.

A Study on the Performance Evaluation System for University Major Programs

A Study on the Performance Evaluation System for University Major Programs

Comparison and Analysis of Scheduling Algorithms: Exploring Performance, Time, Fairness, and Applicable Scenarios

Scheduling algorithm is an important part of CPU work and plays a key role in the program system. Successful scheduling algorithms can effectively improve system efficiency and stability. This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of several scheduling algorithms comparatively through some general criteria to help determine the applicable algorithms in different situations. This paper first introduces the important role of scheduling algorithms. It then discusses and analyzes in detail the complexity of scheduling algorithms, allocation methods, average waiting time, and starvation. Finally, it draws the advantages and disadvantages of different scheduling algorithms through comparison. The types of scheduling algorithms applicable to batch systems and real-time/interactive systems respectively are concluded. The study results provide a theoretical basis for system designers to achieve the optimal utilization of CPU resources in the system. By analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different scheduling algorithms, this paper lays a solid foundation for the future research with more scheduling methods.

DEFENCE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

This paper explores the major factors that hinder the resource management process, which is critical to the development of defence institutions. An effective defence resource management (DRM) process enables coordination, synchronization and integration of defence activities; provides resilience in dealing with uncertainties; supports rational decision-making; and enhances future control capacity. This facilitates the translation of short-, mid-, and long-term defence plans into concrete budgets. The authors argue that several factors have a significant negative influence on success of DRM process, such as the absence of a comprehensive strategic policy framework, the lack of data-driven analysis, and the failure of budgeting tools within the planning, programming and budgeting system (PPBS). An effective security and defence policy framework with clear priorities is one of the key prerequisites for DRM, ensuring that resources are directed toward building the capabilities required to achieve national security goals. Ambiguity around the major strategic areas creates essential challenges, as not having a robust future vision is the same as not knowing where to go. Furthermore, a strategic security policy framework sets the priorities not only for defence but also for social, economic, and foreign policies, ensuring that resource allocations align with broader national objectives. Another critical factor hindering success of the defence resource management process is the lack of an organizational capacity to gather, analyze, and strategically exploit an enormous amount of information, which is crucial for rational decision-making, optimal resource allocation, and adaptation within a rapidly changing security environment. In today’s digital age, the challenge for defence planners is not only a shortage of data, but rather the opposite: the ability to manage, evaluate, and analyze vast amounts of data. Finally, the failure to adopt successfully PPBS was an additional factor challenging DRM processes in the defence institutions of post-Soviet legacy countries. This system was considered a fundamental strategic management tool that could improve resource planning processes within these organizations. However, its adoption and implementation faced significant problems that have limited its effectiveness in improving budgeting processes.

Management Challenges in International Defense Programs: Eurofighter Typhoon Experience

Purpose: The study aims to search for, identify and study management problems that arise in the joint implementation of international defense programs, as well as to consider the results of the impact of such problems on the implementation of defense programs and possible ways to optimize it. Purpose: The study aims to search for, identify and study management problems that arise in the joint implementation of international defense programs, as well as to consider the results of the impact of such problems on the implementation of defense programs and possible ways to optimize it. Design/Method/Approach: The following scientific methods were used in the research: analytical - for decomposition of the management system to be studied into its individual components for the purpose of their further separate consideration, inductive - for generalization of the obtained results and identified patterns on similar management systems, synthetic - for assessing the overall impact of identified management problems on the management system as a whole. The research is based on the system approach. Findings: On the example of the Eurofighter program: (1) a list of applied problems of management of modern international defense projects was identified and formalized; (2) an analysis of the impact of management problems on the implementation of international defense projects was carried out; (3) ways of solving management problems and increasing the efficiency of the management system of international defense programs were proposed. Theoretical Implications: The theoretical value of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of the typology of relevant management problems complements the understanding of management problems faced by modern companies and government agencies in the implementation of international defense programs. Consideration of the causes of these difficulties, as well as the search for possible directions of their solutions can serve as a baseline for further research aimed at developing a methodology to improve the effectiveness of the management system of international defense programs. Practical Implications: The practical value of the research results lies in the fact that they can be used by large international companies and relevant government agencies to improve the efficiency of management of new joint defense programs, reduce the cost and time costs of their implementation, improve technical and economic performance and export potential of finished products in the current market conditions. Originality/Value: This study expands the understanding of current management problems faced by companies and government agencies in the joint implementation of international defense programs. The analysis of the identified management problems and the proposed ways to optimize them are of value to all parties involved in managing the joint management of international defense projects. Research Limitations/Future Research: The results of this study provide a basis for a more specialized and in-depth study of the individual management problems identified in this article. It is also reasonable to conduct similar studies for similar defense program management systems, including those implemented by representatives of other management schools, national cultures, and other types of end products (e.g., land or naval weapons). This will make it possible to expand the statistical sample of defense program management problems and form a universal applied methodology for optimizing emerging management problems. Paper Type: Empirical JEL Сlassіfіcatіon: H56, M11, M16, L64, O32

Incidence of A.I. and TECD Assessment-Learning in University Students

Currently it is seen a diversity in the use of digital tools emerging every day, so A.I. appears as an ally in the academic formation on the assessment-leaning and the TECD (Technology of digital knowledge empowerment). The main objective is to determine the incidence that exists between artificial intelligence and TECD assessment-leaning in the empowerment of digital knowledge in university students. The method used in the research is of basic type, with positivist paradigm of quantitative approach, because it measures the casual relationship that exists between the dependent variables, with non-experimental correlational causal design using surveys for data collection in the students at a university. In the results, it is obtained that 33.3% of students manage to empower themselves with digital knowledge creating materials within specific works according to their professional training lines; in the intermediate level, the result is that 35.9% of students manage to have a regular domain on programming systems and model new computer systems creating a computational system, neural network training and deep learning. In conclusion, data collection and analysis are powerful tools in the continuous improvement of education.

Ecosystem services assessment of Beledanga oxbow lake in the Gangetic plains: pathways to sustainable conservation

Oxbow lakes, formed from abandoned river meanders, are unique wetlands that play a crucial role in supporting aquatic biodiversity and sustaining local communities through their ecosystem services. This study focuses on the Beledanga oxbow lake, highlighting its ecosystem services and the critical role of hydrological connectivity with the adjacent river for maintaining ecological functionality and sustainability. Using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework, the study assessed provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services through field surveys, stakeholder consultations, and secondary data analysis. Results show that the lake provides essential provisioning services, such as fisheries and irrigation, which support local food security and income generation. It also plays a role in regulating services like water management and carbon sequestration, while its biodiversity underpins vital ecological functions, including nutrient cycling and habitat provision. However, challenges such as seasonal water scarcity and macrophyte infestation threaten the lake's productivity and connectivity with the river. The study emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts involving local stakeholders to devise water management strategies and remove macrophytes, utilizing government initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) for funding. Additionally, the establishment of robust monitoring systems for sustainable fisheries management and incentive programs for conservation efforts are recommended. The research highlights the importance of hydrological connectivity in sustaining the lake's ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. By integrating local knowledge and stakeholder engagement, this study provides valuable insights into the sustainable management of oxbow lakes and highlights the broader significance of river-oxbow lake connectivity in wetland conservation efforts. The findings also have implications for broader wetland conservation policies in similar ecosystems.

Authentication and authorization in microservice oriented application design.

In the past years microservice oriented design patterns obtained much popularity among the system architects and programmers. One of the obstacles in this design is authentication and authorization issues. This article presents one of the possible solutions for this problem. The essence of this methodology is a single point of authentication and many points of authorization spread across all the microservices.

The comparative analysis of B Corp Impact Report results in higher education organizations

This study conducts a comparative analysis of B Corp Impact Report results for 15 currently certified higher education institutions (HEIs) to assess their performance in five stakeholder-focused impact areas, identify key improvement opportunities, and determine their commitment to socio-economic objectives and initiatives. The research employs an exploratory case-based analysis using secondary data, including B Impact Assessment (BIA) reports, disclosure materials, impact/sustainability reports, website data, and media reports. The overall BIA scores of the analyzed HEIs range from 80.7 to 117.4, with an average of 94.56. The highest impact is observed in the customers and workers areas, followed by community, governance, and environment. HEIs are primarily committed to objectives and initiatives related to students, employees, the community, and the environment. Disclosure materials reveal improvement opportunities associated with institutional program leadership and systems, faculty qualifications, program information accuracy, and labor issues. The analysis provides valuable insights into the measurement, reporting, initiatives, and organization of benefit-oriented for-profit HEIs, which could serve as benchmarks for for-profit and non-profit education sectors. The study contributes to the academically unexplored area of B Impact reporting in the higher education industry. It offers a foundation for future primary research exploring motivations, benefits, management, progress, and effects of B Impact measuring and reporting in HEIs.

Cross-validation of the Biofuels Beliefs Scale (BBS) on a European sample: a tool to measure the perception of the technological and contextual features of biofuels.

Studies on the acceptance of renewable and sustainable energy technologies have grown exponentially over the past few decades. While there are a large number of technology acceptance models, none of them includes belief-related variables. Developed within the EC H2020 XXXXXX project, this contribution focuses on the cross-validation, in a large sample (N = 1016), across eight European countries, of the Biofuels Beliefs Scale (BBS). The BBS is composed of 26 items, organized into six factors (i.e., Policy Making Legitimation, Emissions Sustainability, Global Environmental Sustainability, Technology Compatibility, Local Socio-Economic Sustainability, and Cost Savings). Factors are distinct, reliable, and each one composed of a psychometrically acceptable number of items. The validation procedure fulfilled the adequacy requirements regarding convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. The BBS could be useful both for testing models on technology acceptance in future studies and for communication campaigns on biofuel-related issues in applied contexts (e.g., pre-/post-assessment, monitoring, etc.).

Optimizing Employee Transfer in an Effort to Get Acceptable Employees at the Directorate General of Defense Forces

This research aims to examine the employee transfer system in order to obtain adequate competence at the Directorate General of Defense Strengthening. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature studies and in-depth interviews with employees within the Directorate General of Customs and Defense. The results of the study show that the current employee transfer process has not adopted the merit system optimally, with the existence of dominant administrative filing and lack of transparency and accountability. In addition, there are shortcomings in the assessment of performance and competencies from previous workplaces, as well as orientation and training programs that have not been fully effective. These findings underscore the importance of reforms in human resource management in the public sector to improve employee competence and performance. It is hoped that the implementation of the merit system, competency-based assessment, and improvement of training programs can overcome existing problems and optimize organizational performance.

On the Generalisation Performance of Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming for Boolean Functions: Learning Block Mutations

In this article, we present the first rigorous theoretical analysis of the generalisation performance of a Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming (GSGP) system. More specifically, we consider a hill-climber using the GSGP Fixed Block Mutation (FBM) operator for the domain of Boolean functions. We prove that the algorithm cannot evolve Boolean conjunctions of arbitrary size that are correct on unseen inputs chosen uniformly at random from the complete truth table i.e., it generalises poorly. Two algorithms based on the Varying Block Mutation (VBM) operator are proposed and analysed to address the issue. We rigorously prove that under the uniform distribution the first one can efficiently evolve any Boolean function of constant size with respect to the number of available variables, while the second one can efficiently evolve general conjunctions or disjunctions of any size without requiring prior knowledge of the target function class. An experimental analysis confirms the theoretical insights for realistic problem sizes and indicates the superiority of the proposed operators also for small parity functions not explicitly covered by the theory.

Assistance for Micro Entrepreneurs to Obtain Halal Certification from SEHATI 2022

Purpose: This research examines the challenges faced by MSMEs in Indonesia when obtaining halal certification through the SEHATI 2022 program. It focuses on obstacles like the complexity of procedures and lack of awareness about the program and SIHALAL system, impacting micro-businesses' ability to secure halal certification.Method: The study uses qualitative methods, including interviews with halal facilitators and MSMEs, and document analysis related to the SEHATI 2022 program. Thematic analysis was applied to identify challenges in understanding and using the SIHALAL system.Practical Applications: The findings highlight ways to simplify the halal certification process for MSMEs, emphasizing the need to increase awareness and improve the role of halal facilitators. This can help more businesses benefit from SEHATI 2022 and enhance market opportunities for halal-certified products.Conclusion: While SEHATI 2022 offers financial support, complex procedures and low awareness hinder MSMEs. Strengthening facilitation and simplifying the SIHALAL system are crucial for improving halal certification access for micro-entrepreneurs.

Intelligent Numerical Control Programming System Based on Knowledge Graph

With the wide application of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software, manufacturing enterprises have accumulated a wealth of numerical control (NC) programming data, providing valuable knowledge resources for new products’ development. Efficiently acquiring and reusing existing NC knowledge is essential for enhancing programming efficiency, improving product quality, and shortening manufacturing cycles. This study proposes an intelligent NC programming method based on knowledge graph. Firstly, the relevant knowledge in the NC programming domain is analyzed, and CAM knowledge elements are constructed to reduce the granularity of knowledge. Then, the ontology layer and data layer are constructed to achieve the development of the knowledge graph. Next, knowledge reasoning is performed on the knowledge graph through entity alignment and semantic rule-based reasoning. Furthermore, to address the issues of low reliability, limited applicability and need for frequent manual modifications in NC programming templates guided by the CAM knowledge graph, a CAM knowledge graph completion method based on neighborhood aggregation and semantic enhancement is proposed. Finally, an intelligent NC programming system based on knowledge graph is developed, and comparative experiments with mainstream algorithms on public datasets for few-shot knowledge graph completion are conducted, validating the effectiveness of the proposed method by experimenting with the key components of marine diesel engines.

Perceptions of Relationships with Kinship Caregivers Among Parents Following State-Detected Psychoactive Substance Use

SYNOPSIS Objective. This study sought to better understand parent relationships with kinship caregivers, with an eye toward parents’ perceptions of how kinship caregiver mindsets and behaviors surrounding substance use may have impacted parents. Design. Data came from transcripts of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 parents in the United States, who had substantiated child welfare cases related to substance use. Transcripts were dual-coded, and analysis was guided by the reflexive thematic analysis framework. Results. Parents described two different experiences with kinship caregivers. For some families, parents reported fragmentation of their support system; parents described caregivers as undermining their parental authority, disrupting attachment bonds, and communicating with children in ways that perpetuated stigma around substance use. Other parents reported increased cohesion among family members; parents described caregivers as supportive and empowering, particularly as they navigated mandated “recovery.” Conclusions. Findings offer insights to help inform decision-making by both practitioners and policymakers by giving a voice to parents as they navigate the complex systems of child welfare services and drug court programming.

The relationship between perceived teacher relatedness-support behavior (RSB) and learning motivation of dancesport students in universities

The motivational process of physical education (PE) in schools is significantly influenced by social factors, as demonstrated by a number of research based on self-determination theory (SDT). As a proximal factor affecting students’ learning motivation, the relatedness support of dancesport teachers plays a key role in promoting the learning motivation and sustainable development of dancesport students. This research aims to test the validity of the second-order model of perceived teacher relatedness support behavior (RSB) and investigate how students’ perceptions of their professional teachers directly or indirectly predicted their motivation to learn dancesport. To validate the relationship between the higher-order model and perceived teacher RSB among dancesport majors, this study used the structural equation modeling method for validation and 302 undergraduates majoring in dancesport participated in this investigation. The results showed that students’ perceived teacher relatedness support was positively related to intrinsic, integrated, identified, and introjected regulations during dancesport learning and negatively related to external regulation and amotivation. These findings revealed the importance of teacher RSB in dancesport. And this study provides a practical reference for improving the teaching effectiveness of dancesport in universities, promoting harmonious teacher-student relationships, and inspiring students’ learning motivation in dancesport. At the same time, it also lays a research foundation for the reform of dancesport teaching in universities and the system of dancesport talent training programs.

Extending battery lifetime of electric-hydraulic hybrid wheel loader through system parameter optimization

Parallel electric hydraulic hybrid powertrain (PEHH) is a promising substitute for electric direct drive to extend battery lifetime. The convex programming (CP) based simultaneous optimization method has been adopted in electric hybrid system parameter optimization, but it is difficult to extend it for PEHH due to its non-convexity. In this paper, a combined exhaustive search – convex programming (ES-CP) system parameter optimization method is proposed to address the non-convexity of PEHH system parameter optimization problem. In this method, the PEHH system parameter optimization problem is modeled and reformulated in convex form and the convex part is decoupled from the optimization problem. The CP method is used for the convex part and the ES method is used for the remained non-convex part. The ES-CP method is applied to the PEHH powertrain to extend its battery lifetime. Optimization results show that the battery lifetime of the ES-CP optimized PEHH system is 6.8 % longer than that of the non-optimized system. The computing time of ES-CP is 97 % lower than Latin hypercube sampling and 90 % lower than genetic algorithm methods.

A QSimulator Quantum Programming System

In this paper the authors propose their own QSimulator quantum programming system, which is a software tool for deve­loping and debugging quantum algorithms in a high-level C++ language. The basic structure of the presented system is de­scribed, including quantum algorithms and quantum operations, available to the programmer. The components of the system and their fundamental basis are briefly outlined. This system emulates the behaviour of a quantum coprocessor in a standard computational basis and thus can be used for debugging and programming quantum algorithms in the language of quantum circuits. The system proposed by the authors also implements the Grover search algorithm and the Durr-Hoyer minimization algorithm based on it. Many tasks can be formulated in terms of the search task. In particular, the SAT problem. In this article, we also propose a variant of constructing an oracle in the form of a quantum circuit for the SAT problem, which can be integrated into the Grover algorithm implemented in the presented system. Automatic oracle generation for the SAT task will help save time in developing quantum algorithms related to this task when working with our system.