Acceptable Fit Indices Research Articles

Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Vulvovaginal Symptom Questionnaire in Women With Breast Cancer.

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire for assessing vulvovaginal symptoms and symptom-related influences in women with breast cancer. A methodological study. Women with breast cancer (n = 202) were recruited from the outpatient department of a hospital. Data were collected between July 2020 and October 2021. Psychometric properties, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity, were tested after the translation of the original English-language instrument. The construct validity was examined by testing the hypothesised relationships between the Chinese version of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire with validated instruments associated with quality of life and sexual function and by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the Chinese version of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire's total scale and four subscales were satisfactory. The construct validity was confirmed by significant correlations between scores on the Chinese version of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire with the Chinese version of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Cancer 30 and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Breast 23 and the Chinese version of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire 12. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis verification results showed that the traditional Chinese-language questionnaire's three- and four-factor models had acceptable model fit indices. We obtained the Chinese version of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire's preliminary and satisfactory psychometric properties. It can help worldwide healthcare professionals adequately assess vulvovaginal symptoms and their influences experienced by Chinese-speaking women with breast cancer. The Chinese version of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire can help healthcare professionals and researchers concurrently identify vulvovaginal symptoms and related influences, leading to timely and appropriate management. Well-designed and accessible healthcare services on vulvovaginal and sexual health after breast cancer diagnosis are essential for both healthcare professionals and this population. We adhered to the STROBE checklist of cross-sectional studies. No patient or public engagement..

Systematic review of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) for global health literacy development

Abstract Background The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) is used to inform programs and policies in more than 80 countries. It is a key needs assessment in the Ophelia (Optimising Health Literacy and Access) process, a codesign process to build effective interventions. Ophelia is applied in the European Commission Joint Action on Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes initiative (25 projects/13 countries). Given growing demand, an Ophelia digital platform is being developed, and confirmation of robust HLQ psychometric evidence is needed for user confidence in the interpretation and use of HLQ scores in their contexts. This study is a review of the HLQ. Methods Developed in Australia in 2013, the HLQ measures nine health literacy domains and is translated to 40 languages. A March 2024 PRISMA systematic search (PROSPERO CRD42022361966) identified 257 articles, which were screened for evidence about internal structure and reliability. Results Across 15 countries/languages, 22 articles were included. Study samples included diverse groups, settings and contexts. Out of the 18 studies that used factor analysis, three used the Bayesian approach. All 15 classical factor analysis studies reported satisfactory fit indices in restricted 9-factor models (range CFI=0.841 to 0.995, TLI=0.826 to 0.969, RMSEA=0.048 to 0.084), except two required correlated residuals for acceptable fit indices. Factor loadings were significant except for five items across five studies (range .20 to .99). Three studies used Rasch modelling and found all domains had unidimensionality except for Domain 9 in one study. Most studies reported Cronbach’s alpha (range .57 to .95) across all domains, with only three studies reporting α<.7. Conclusions The HLQ has exceptional robust psychometric properties across cultures and languages, paving the way for users to have confidence in HLQ psychometric validity evidence on the upcoming Digital Ophelia platform to support scaling up of health literacy development. Key messages • The HLQ has robust psychometric properties across countries and languages. • The HLQ 9-domain profiles can inform intervention development for equitable health outcomes.

Modeling the predictors of health information avoidance behavior: Implications from the stimulus organism response (S-O-R) theory

The study aimed at modeling the factors that influence health information avoidance behavior, as well as measuring and validating the stimulus organism response (S-O-R) theory. A seven-factor (information overload, information sources exposure, risk perception, health information anxiety, cognitive dissonance, sadness, and health information avoidance) measurement model was used to estimate the health information avoidance behavior using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that risk perception had a significant positive influence on sadness (β = 0.492, CR = 7.445, p < 0.05), information overload exerts a significant positive impact on cognitive dissonance (β = 0.174, CR = 2.192, p < 0.05) and sadness significantly influence health information avoidance (β = 0.174, CR = 2.342, p < 0.05). Information overload exhibits a positive, but statistically non-significant influence on health information anxiety (β = 0.83, CR = 1.094, p > 0.05). The findings of SEM demonstrate acceptable model fit indices: χ2 = 1.493, DF = 732; p = 0.000; IFI = 0.931; and TLI = 0.925, CFI = 0.930, SRMR = 0.045, RMSEA = 0.044. The study concludes that risk perception, sadness, and information overload are the main predictors of health information avoidance behavior. Other factors such as health information anxiety, exposure to different information sources, and cognitive dissonance had a non-significant impact on information avoidance behavior. The findings hold significant global relevance, potentially contributing to improved information-seeking behavior research. Our study also contributes to the advancement of the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) framework

Attitudes toward mathematics and virtual teaching of students in the context of COVID-19: validation and reliability of instruments

BackgroundThere are few instruments to assess attitudes toward mathematics and virtual teaching; Likewise, there are methodological limitations to study this phenomenon in high school students. The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments of attitudes toward mathematics and the perception of virtual teaching during COVID-19 in high school students in Peru.MethodsA total of 400 students participated. The research utilized exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the attitudes mathematics and the perception of virtual teaching instruments’ structure, and assessed reliability through Cronbach’s Alpha (α), Ordinal Alpha (ordinal α), and Omega (Ω) indicators.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed that Model 2, with factor loadings above 0.40, was the most suitable for both instruments. This model demonstrated acceptable fit indices (CFI and TLI > 0.90; RMSEA and SRMR <0.08) and internal consistency (α, ordinal α, and Ω > 0.60). Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis validated a five-dimensional structure for attitudes toward mathematics and a six-dimensional structure for perceptions of virtual teaching.ConclusionBoth instruments are valid and reliable for assessing these attitudes and perceptions within the context of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strengthening mathematical skills through targeted research and interventions is essential to addressing pandemic-induced gaps.

Assessment of the validity and reliability of edinburgh postpartum depression scale in Turkish men.

Perinatal depression (PD) affects individuals during pregnancy and early parenthood, resembling major depression. Recent research highlights paternal perinatal depression (PPD) in fathers. PPD has adverse effects on fathers and their children. This study assesses the Turkish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Turkish fathers, aiming to provide a tool for PPD identification. This methodological study validates the EPDS for Turkish fathers and explores associations with demographic and psychosocial factors. The study involved 295 fathers withinfants aged 2weeks to 12months. The EPDS, originally designed for perinatal depression and validated in Turkish women, was used. Fathers completed a participant information questionnaire, the EPDS, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during clinic visits. Data on sociodemographic factors, paternal roles, and pregnancy and postpartum support were collected. Mothers also completed the EPDS. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation tests were used. The study included fathers with an average age of 30.5 years, mostly with a high school education or higher. The EPDS had a mean total score of 3.1. Factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure for the EPDS in Turkish fathers, including anhedonia, anxiety, and depression. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the three-factor structure, with acceptable model fit indices. Positive correlations were found between fathers' EPDS scores, maternal EPDS scores, and paternal BDI scores. The EPDS effectively discriminated between different levels of depression severity. Various factors, such as education level and lack of support during pregnancy and after childbirth, were associated with higher EPDS scores. These findings emphasize the significance of assessing and addressing PPD in fathers, supporting the use of the EPDS as a valid tool in the Turkish context. The three-factor structure aligns with international research, highlighting the importance of a multi-dimensional approach to PPD assessment. Early intervention can mitigate PPD's impact on fathers, mothers, and children, benefiting mental health and well-being.

Validating the ChatGPT Usage Scale: psychometric properties and factor structures among postgraduate students

BackgroundThe rapid adoption of ChatGPT in academic settings has raised concerns about its impact on learning, research, and academic integrity. This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive ChatGPT Usage Scale specifically tailored to postgraduate students, addressing the need for a psychometrically sound instrument to assess the multidimensional nature of ChatGPT usage in higher education.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 443 postgraduate students from two Egyptian universities. The initial 39-item scale underwent Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the model fit and psychometric properties of the final 15-item measure. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega.ResultsEFA revealed a three-factor structure explaining 49.186% of the total variance: Academic Writing Aid (20.438%), Academic Task Support (14.410%), and Reliance and Trust (14.338%). CFA confirmed the three-factor structure with acceptable fit indices (χ2(87) = 223.604, p < .001; CMIN/DF = 2.570; CFI = 0.917; TLI = 0.900; RMSEA = 0.060). All standardized factor loadings were statistically significant (p < .001), ranging from 0.434 to 0.728. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.848, McDonald’s ω = 0.849) and composite reliability (CR = 0.855). The average variance extracted (AVE) was 0.664, supporting convergent validity.ConclusionsThe validated ChatGPT Usage Scale provides a reliable and valid instrument for assessing postgraduate students’ engagement with ChatGPT across multiple dimensions. This tool offers valuable insights into AI-assisted academic practices, enabling more nuanced investigations into the effects of ChatGPT on postgraduate education.

Examination of the validity of the Chinese version of the Language Mindsets Inventory among Chinese university students.

With the growing interest in the psychological basis of language learning, this study aims to validate the Chinese version of the Language Mindset Inventory (LMI) among Chinese university students. A sample of 476 students from various universities in mainland China was used. The translation process followed the forward-backward method. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to evaluate the factor structure. The internal consistency of the LMI was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity was examined through correlations with established mindset measures. Compared with the one-factor model, the two-factor model which distinguishes between fixed and growth mindsets, showed an acceptable and better fit index. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the full scale was 0.954, with 0.929 for the fixed mindset dimension and 0.903 for the growth mindset dimension. AVE values for the fixed and growth dimensions were 0.597 and 0.510, respectively. Correlations showed that the growth mindset dimension was significantly positively associated with the 8-Item Growth Mindset Scale (r = 0.186, p < 0.01) and the Mindset Scale for Learning English (r = 0.149, p < 0.01), while the fixed mindset dimension was negatively associated with both scales (r = -0.228 and r = -0.169, p < 0.01). This study confirms the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the LMI, making it a relevant tool for assessing language learning mindsets among Chinese university students. The findings support the integration of LMI into educational strategies to promote resilience and adaptability, enhancing language education outcomes.

Developing an Adaptive Behavior Construct from National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) Data

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to develop an adaptive behavior construct using National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) data. The parent survey data gathered at Wave 1 was used to create an adaptive behavior construct. A bifactor model with three subdomains of conceptual, social, and practical skills with a total of 21 items was developed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with acceptable fit indices (RMSEA = 0.049, CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.971). The total score from the adaptive behavior construct was statistically significantly different across groups of youths with different levels of intellectual disability. The adaptive behavior construct created from the current study will allow for a series of research involving adaptive behavior variables within NLTS2 data.

Validation of the parents’ version of the KINDLR and Kiddy Parents questionnaire in a South African context

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the usefulness of the parent version of the KINDLR and the additional items of the Kiddy Parents questionnaire in the South-African context and to validate it as an appropriate tool for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodThe ExAMIN Youth SA study was designed to investigate lifestyle behaviours, including psychosocial factors that may adversely impact on cardiovascular health of children. Construct validity was examined by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while internal consistency was tested by Cronbach’s alpha. The final factor structure was confirmed by model fit indices.ResultsThe study included children (n = 1088) aged between 5 and 10 years in North-West, South Africa. The reliability coefficients of the original factors could not be reproduced in this data set, with the Cronbach’s alphas ranging between 0.46 and 0.78. With exploratory factor analysis, including the additional items, our data supported a 7-factor structure with acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.68–0.79; Omega: 0.75–0.85) and acceptable model fit indices (CFI: 0.91; TLI: 0.90; RMSEA: 0.05; SRMR: 0.07). Two factors (emotional wellbeing and everyday functioning) further split into separate factors for positive and negative experiences related to each of these dimensions.ConclusionWe confirmed a new factor structure of the parent version of the KINDLR and the additional items of the Kiddy Parents questionnaire, which can be used in the African context. Although the new factor structure has great overlap with the original structure, some items did not contribute to the factors as expected. Language and cultural differences between the original German group and the current South African study group resulted in a different factor structure.

Quick MSA-QoL: A validated, abbreviated health-related quality of life questionnaire for use in Multiple System Atrophy

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life is an important patient-reported outcome, which can be assessed using instruments such as the Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) Quality of Life (MSA-QoL) scale. However, at 40-items its length can prove burdensome, particularly to patients with a disease such as MSA. This can contribute to respondent burden and poor-quality response data. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop an abbreviated MSA-QoL scale for use in clinical practise and trials (Quick MSA-QoL). MethodsA single-factor 15-item scale was developed with data from 310 patients with MSA, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A separate dataset (n = 279) was used for analysis of psychometric properties and for confirmatory factor analysis. ResultsMissing data was minimal, with even distribution of scores and negligible floor/ceiling effects (0/0.4%). Reliability was high (Cronbach alpha 0.870, test-retest reliability 0.950). Good item-total scale correlations were observed (r = 0.402–0.618), and the overall scale correlated well with other validated questionnaires including the original MSA-QoL (r = 0.862). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable model fit indices. Responsiveness data from re-administration of the Quick MSA-QoL 10 months from baseline testing found the overall scale to be sensitive to change. ConclusionsThese data suggest that the Quick MSA-QoL is a suitable and efficient scale for use in clinical trials, minimising respondent burden and maintaining data quality.

Acceptance of artificial intelligence and its effect on entrepreneurial intention in foreign trade students: a mirror analysis

Artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced a significant increase in its application in the educational field worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the acceptance of AI and its effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of international trade university students in Peru and Ecuador. With a quantitative approach and a non-experimental applied design, an online survey was administered to international trade students from Peru and Ecuador. Amos version 24 software was used to obtain model fit indices and perform gender-based invariance tests. Additionally, SmartPLS statistical software, based on the partial least squares (PLS) technique, was employed to test the hypotheses of the structural equation model (SEM). The measurement model presented acceptable fit indices. When calculating invariance, the configural, metric, and scalar models were satisfactory, although the residual model was not confirmed. It was found that hedonic motivation, habit, and performance expectations influenced international trade students’ intention to use AI. Likewise, it was discovered that the intention to use AI tools has an effect on entrepreneurial intention. Gender and age did not moderate the effect of AI usage intention on entrepreneurial intention. The study provides empirical evidence on the acceptance of AI and its influence on students’ entrepreneurial intentions, offering valuable information for educators, policymakers, and technology developers in the educational field.

The Psychometric Properties of the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire: Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version

Social support research in sports has attracted considerable attention in recent years. There are limited sport-specific support perception measurements to measure Turkish athletes' support perceptions. The present study was conducted to adapt the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire developed by Freeman et al. (2011) into Turkish and examine the measurement's psychometric properties. A total of 300 athletes aged between 18-22 years were included in the study. The factor structure of the measurement was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The obtained data revealed significant factor loadings and produced acceptable fit indices. Both internal consistency and composite reliability values were found to be high, thus supporting the validity and reliability of the measurement. The results show that the measurement retains its original structure consisting of 4 dimensions (esteem support, emotional support, information support, and tangible support) and 16 items, each containing four items. Accordingly, it was concluded that the Perceived Accessible Support in Sport Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish athletes.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Abdominal Bloating Social Support Scale.

Abdominal bloating (AB) is a common, bothersome symptom that negatively affects most adults. Although social support may help people suffering from AB, limited validated questionnaire is available. This study aimed to validate the newly developed Abdominal Bloating Social Support (SS-Bloat) scale for the Malaysian context. We conducted a cross-sectional study in which we used purposive sampling and a self-administered questionnaire. Based on the literature review, experts' input and in-depth interviews, new items were generated for SS-Bloat scale. Content validity was assessed by experts and pre-tested with 30 individuals with AB. Construct validity was determined based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR). During the development stage, eight items were generated for SS-Bloat scale and remained the same after content validity and pre-testing. A total of 152 participants with a mean age of 31.27 years old (68.3% female, 32.7% male) completed the questionnaire. Based on the EFA, three problematic items were removed. The total variance explained was 35.6% with acceptable reliability (α = 0.66). The model was then tested using CFA. The initial model did not fit the data well. After several model re-specifications, the final measurement model of SS-Bloat scale fit the data well with acceptable fit indices (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.994 and Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.984). The CR was satisfactory with value of 0.84. SS-Bloat scale was deemed valid and reliable for assessing the level of social support among AB patients. The questionnaire can be useful for both research studies and clinical purposes, as it is easy to use.

A Psychometric Evaluation of the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire - Short Version in the Context of Italian Physical Education.

Emotional states are fundamentally related to cognitive processes such as attention, perception, memory and learning, and they play a very important role in helping to assess daily challenges. Thus, we need tools that measure emotions in the context of Physical Education. In this study, we adapted and tested the factor structure of the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire - Short Version (AEQ-SV) in the Italian physical education context. We administered the AEQ-SV to 867 participants (M age = 16.43 years, SD = 1.23) enrolled in Italian physical education classes to analyze the questionnaire's psychometric properties using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), an internal reliability analysis, and a criterion validity analysis. The AEQ-SV subscales consisted of eight emotions and 32 items. Reliability analyses revealed acceptable fit indices and adequate temporal stability. Linear regression analysis showed that positive emotions positively predicted academic performance, while negative emotions negatively predicted academic performance. These results are in line with research on the original scale, and these data support the use of the AEQ-SV in the Italian educational context.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Patient Satisfaction with an Automated Drug Dispensing System.

Automated drug dispensing systems (ADDs) have been introduced to improve the efficiency of dispensing and patient safety. The available questionnaires measure patient satisfaction with particular aspects of ADDs. Also, the level of patient satisfaction with ADDs is not widely established. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with ADDs. Content and construct validity procedures were used to validate the 20-item questionnaire with four domains, including pharmacy administration, dispensing practice, patient education, and the dispensing system. Two hundred consenting participants took part in this study, from those who visited the outpatient pharmacy in a government hospital. The internal consistency of all four scale items shows acceptable reliability (>0.7). In the exploratory factor analysis, three items were removed due to poor factor loading and cross-loading. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the model has acceptable fit indices, including the comparative fit index (0.937), Tucker-Lewis's index (0.924), standardized root mean square residual (0.051), root mean square error of approximation (0.057), and χ2/df (1.67). The convergent and discriminant validity were established, since the average variance extracted (AVE) was ≥0.5 and the squared correlation (SC) values of one construct with other constructs were less than the AVE of the specific construct. This study offered a reliable and valid 17-item questionnaire incorporating a multi-dimensional four-factor model to evaluate patient satisfaction with ADDs. The validated questionnaire can be utilized to explore patients' perspectives on ADDs.

Scale to Evaluate Employee Experience: Evidence of Validity and Reliability in Regular Basic Education Teachers in the Peruvian Context.

Research on employee experience is a topic that has been growing in recent decades. This study analyzes the validity and reliability of an employee experience scale in Peruvian teachers. The study had an instrumental design. The sample was comprised of 760 Peruvian teachers between 20 and 71 years old (M = 40.91; SD = 10.05), where men (36.1%) and women (63.9%) participated, recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. A validity and reliability analysis of the employee experience scale confirmed the three original factors (sensory experience, intellectual experience, and emotional experience). The KMO test reaches a high level (0.950 > 0.70), and the Bartlett test reaches a highly significant level (Sig. = 0.000). The scale also showed good internal consistency (α = 0.948 to 0.980; CR = 0.950 to 0.981; AVE = 0.864 to 0.878). Similarly, for the confirmatory factor analysis, a measurement adjustment was performed, obtaining excellent and acceptable fit indices for Model 2 for three factors (CMIN/DF = 4.764; CFI = 0.984; SRMR = 0.024; RMSEA = 0.070). This study provides a useful tool to measure the employee experience in a friendly way, using simple language to be applied to the Peruvian context. This study is considered an important contribution to organizational behavior and human talent management in educational circles.

Linking nursing students' professional identity, clinical learning environment, financial incentives, and career opportunities with migration intent: Structural equation modeling.

To investigate how nursing students' professional identity, clinical learning environment, financial incentives, and career opportunities influence their intention to migrate. There is a preponderance of studies about nurse migration and its impact on the global nursing workforce. However, a critical gap remains about nursing students' intentions to migrate, particularly among developing countries like the Philippines. Using a cross-sectional design, third- and fourth-year nursing students (n=316) from the largest comprehensive university in Manila were conveniently recruited. Data were collected from November to December 2023 using five validated self-report scales. Descriptive (e.g., mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (e.g., Spearman rho, covariance-based structural equation modeling) were used to analyze data. The emerging model demonstrated acceptable model fit indices. Nursing students' professional identity (β=0.18, p=0.043) and financial incentives (β=0.10, p=0.046) significantly and positively influence the intention to migrate. The satisfaction with future career opportunities (β=-0.12, p=0.038) and clinical learning environment perception (β=-0.15, p=0.048) negatively influence the intention to migrate. These four predictors accounted for 4.60% of the total variance of intention to migrate. Nursing students' professional identity and financial incentives directly impact intent to migrate, whereas future career opportunities satisfaction and clinical learning environment inversely affect intent to migrate. This study underscores the imperative for nursing colleges and faculty to promote positive professional identity and provide a conducive clinical learning environment to develop sustainable nurses' migration policies.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Polish Version of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS-PL).

The study investigated psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS-PL). Following an expert review (stage 1), a sample of 333 athletes voluntarily participated in the study to verify the internal structure of the questionnaire (stage 2). In a final step (stage 3), confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis of the MIS-PL subscales with other variables were conducted to demonstrate the stability and reproducibility of the factor structure of the scale and to determine the theoretical validity of the measure. The factor analyses performed confirmed the three-factor structure of the MIS-PL with the following dimensions: 1) awareness, 2) non-judgmental attitude, and 3) refocusing, characterized by acceptable fit indices. Analyses of the correlations between the MIS-PL subscales and conceptually related variables (mindfulness in daily life, worry, concentration disruption, mental toughness, and flow) also proved statistically significant. In summary, the MIS-PL is a valid measure for assessing mindfulness in sport.

The Farsi version of Caregiver Preparedness Scale in Iranian family caregivers of the older adults undergoing hemodialysis: a psychometric study

BackgroundEnhancing preparedness of family caregivers and support for caregiving is essential for the mutual benefit of both caregivers and the well-being of those under their care. This study aimed to translate and evaluate psychometric properties of the Caregiver Preparedness Scale among family caregivers of older adults undergoing hemodialysis.MethodsIn this methodological study, 400 family caregivers of older adult patients undergoing hemodialysis enrolled to the study via convenience sampling method. The study was conducted in two stages: translation and psychometric evaluation. At first, the translation of the scale was done using Beaton et al. method. In the psychometric evaluation stage, quantitative face validity, content validity, item analysis and construct validity of the scale were evaluated. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed through the calculation of Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and average inter-item correlation coefficients.ResultsAll items had an impact score greater than 1.5. The content validity ratio and the kappa coefficient for all items were above 0.75. In the item analysis, item 2, which had a correlation with the total score of less than 0.3, was removed. Following exploratory factor analysis, only one factor composed of all items (7 items) was extracted, explaining 75.7% of the total variance. This model had acceptable fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha and omega of 0.95 and an average inter-item correlation of 0.75 were obtained.ConclusionsThe study results demonstrated that the Caregiver Preparedness Scale exhibits appropriate psychometric properties. Geriatric nurses can utilize this Scale for assessment of caregivers. This assessment can aid in decision-making regarding educational programs aimed at enhancing family caregiver preparedness.

Determinants of sedentary behavior in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes based on the behavioral change wheel: a path analysis

BackgroundSedentary behavior (SB) is deeply ingrained in the daily lives of community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the specific underlying mechanisms of the determinants associated with SB remain elusive. We aimed to explore the determinants of SB based on the behavior change wheel framework as well as a literature review.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 489 community-dwelling older adults with T2DM in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. Convenience sampling was used to select participants from relevant communities. This study used the Measure of Older Adults’ Sedentary Time-T2DM, the Abbreviated-Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Lubben Social Network Scale 6, the Subjective Social Norms Questionnaire for Sedentary Behavior, the Functional Activities Questionnaire, the Numerical Rating Scale, the Short Physical Performance Battery, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Text to assess the levels of and the determinants of SB. Descriptive statistical analysis and path analysis were conducted to analyze and interpret the data.ResultsPain, cognitive function, social isolation, and social support had direct and indirect effects on SB in community-dwelling older adults with T2DM (total effects: β = 0.426, β = -0.171, β = -0.209, and β = -0.128, respectively), and physical function, walking environment, and social function had direct effects on patients’ SB (total effects: β = -0.180, β = -0.163, and β = 0.127, respectively). All the above pathways were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The path analysis showed that the model had acceptable fit indices: RMSEA = 0.014, χ 2/df = 1.100, GFI = 0.999, AGFI = 0.980, NFI = 0.997, RFI = 0.954, IFI = 1.000, TLI = 0.996, CFI = 1.000.ConclusionCapability (physical function, pain, and cognitive function), opportunity (social isolation, walking environment, and social support), and motivation (social function) were effective predictors of SB in community-dwelling older adults with T2DM. Deeper knowledge regarding these associations may help healthcare providers design targeted intervention strategies to decrease levels of SB in this specific population.