Acceptable Construct Validity Research Articles

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Revised Walsh family resilience questionnaire.

Family resilience refers to the ability of a family to overcome life transitions, stress, or adversity. Unfortunately, Chinese nurses currently do not have a valid short-form instrument for determining family resilience. This study aimed to translate the Revised Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire (WFRQ-R) into Chinese and determine its reliability and validity among stroke survivors and stroke family caregivers. We translated the WFRQ-R into Chinese according to Brislin's translation guidelines, and conducted a questionnaire survey among stroke survivors and stroke family caregivers., in Jinzhou City, People's Republic of China. We conducted two rounds of the questionnaires. First, we conducted 400 questionnaires, including 394 effective questionnaires for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Secondly, we conducted 350 questionnaires, including 322 effective questionnaires for reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The instrument was found to have a Cronbach's α value of 0.83 and acceptable composite reliability coefficients. Moreover, content validity was determined to be good, and the three-factor model obtained during exploratory factor analysis (explaining 60.67% of the variance) and modified during confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/degrees of freedom =1.41; root mean square error of approximation =0.04; goodness-of-fit index =0.91) suggested an acceptable construct validity. The Chinese version of the WFRQ-R for stroke survivors and stroke family caregivers satisfied psychometric properties and can be used to assess family resilience throughout China.

Clinical Utility of the 6-Item CTS, Boston-CTS, and Hand-Diagram for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Background: Self-reported measures are often used in research and clinical practice to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and guide therapeutic choices. We aimed to assess the clinical utility of the Norwegian versions of two self-reported outcome measures for symptom severity assessment, the 6-item CTS (CTS-6), and Boston-CTS (BCTQ), and of one diagnostic measure, the hand-diagram, by evaluating measurement properties including discriminative ability for severity assessment (CTS-6, BCTQ), and diagnosis of CTS (hand-diagram).Methods: We performed forward and backward translation and cultural adaptation of the Norwegian CTS-6 and BCTQ. Following COSMIN guidelines, we investigated internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, and discriminative ability for distinguishing between severity levels of CTS in patients with confirmed CTS for the CTS-6 and BCTQ and reliability and discriminative ability for diagnosing CTS for the hand-diagram.Results: Two hundred and fifty-one patients referred for diagnostic work-up for CTS with nerve conduction studies (NCS) participated. The CTS-6 and BCTQ had acceptable internal consistency (Crohnbach's α = 0.82 and 0.86, respectively), reliability (ICC = 0.86 and 0.90; SEM = 0.24 and 0.20; SDC95% = 0.68 and 0.55, respectively), construct validity (all eight pre-defined hypotheses confirmed) and discriminative ability to distinguish between severity levels of CTS [Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64–0.85]. The hand-diagram had acceptable reliability (Cohen's kappa = 0.69) and discriminative ability to diagnose CTS (sensitivity = 0.72, specificity = 0.90).Conclusion: Our findings support the clinical utility of the CTS-6 and BCTQ for symptom severity assessment and of the hand-diagram for diagnostic screening.

Perceptions of community dementia friendliness: A cross-sectional study of people with dementia, family caregivers, service providers, and the general public in Taiwan.

Promoting dementia-friendly communities is an important strategy for improving quality of life for people with dementia and dementia-family caregivers. The process of building dementia-friendly communities should include all people living in the community. The objective of this study was to compare perceived dementia friendliness in the community among people with dementia, family caregivers, service providers, and the general public. In Taiwan, we surveyed 60 people with dementia, 140 family caregivers, and 200 members of the general public face to face, with 200 service providers surveyed by mail. Participants completed the Perceived Community Dementia Friendliness measure, consisting of seven subscales: care services, community members, community environment, community interactions, transportation, hospitals, and stores and organisations. This measure has acceptable convergent validity, construct validity, and internal consistency reliability for use in Taiwan. Differences in perceived dementia friendliness were examined by chi-square tests/analysis of variance. Among the seven subscales, hospitals were rated with good dementia friendliness by 70% of people with dementia (n=42); however, care services were rated poor by 23.3% of people with dementia (n=14). Hospitals were also rated with good dementia friendliness by 39.2% of family caregivers (n=54). Care services were rated as having good dementia friendliness by 43.5% of service providers (n=87) and 47% of the general public (n=86). Furthermore, community interactions were rated as good by small percentages of family caregivers (11.4%, n=16), service providers (22.2%, n=44), and the general public (30.9%, n=58). Family caregivers, service providers, and the general public rated hospitals with the highest mean dementia-friendliness score and community interactions with the lowest. Perceived community-dementia friendliness among participants with dementia differed from that of participants without. People with dementia prioritised improving care services, while people without dementia rated facilitating community interactions as more vital. These differences provide vital insights into understanding the policies and administration of dementia-friendly communities.

Validity of the energy-restricted Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener

Short dietary assessment tools can be useful to estimate food intake and diet quality in large-scale epidemiological studies with time constraints.To determine the concurrent validity of the 17-item energy-restricted Mediterranean Adherence Screener (er-MEDAS) used in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea)-Plus trial and to analyse its capacity to detect 1-year changes in diet and cardiometabolic risk factors.Validation study nested in the PREDIMED-Plus (n = 6760, 55-75 years). Dietary data were collected by the 17-item er-MEDAS and a 143-item validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and after 1-year intervention. Cardiometabolic risk markers were measured at both time points. A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) score was derived from both instruments. Concurrent validity was evaluated by Pearson and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland and Altman limits of agreement. Construct validity was evaluated by assessing 1-year changes in FFQ-reported dietary intake and cardiometabolic profile changes in relation to changes in er-MEDAS.A moderate to good correlation between the MedDiet score calculated by both measurement instruments was found: r = 0.61 and ICC = 0.60 (both p < 0.001). Agreement of each of the er-MEDAS items ranged from 55.4% to 85.0% with a moderate mean concordance (kappa = 0.41). Between baseline and 1-year follow-up, energy intake measured by the FFQ decreased by 242 kcal, while Mediterranean food consumption increased in participants with the highest increase in the er-MEDAS MedDiet score. An increase in the er-MEDAS MedDiet score ratings was associated with a decrease in BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting glucose, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (p < 0.001 for all), and with an increase in HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.006).The er-MEDAS shows a modest to good concurrent validity compared with FFQ data. It shows acceptable construct validity, as a greater er-MEDAS score was associated with more favourable dietary and cardiometabolic profiles over time.ISRCTN89898870; registration date, 24 July 2014. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870.

Psychometric evaluation of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator body image concerns questionnaire (ICD-BICQ).

Patients receiving an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) generally adapt well to living with their device, but we know little about the prevalence of patients' body image concerns (BICs) postimplant. The objectives were to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ICD-body image concerns questionnaire (BICQ), find a cut-off indicating BICs and determine the prevalence of BICs. Construct validity was determined using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Scree-plot and explorative factor analysis. Internal consistency was examined via Cronbach's alpha. Correlations to other validated questionnaires, a weighted and simple scale and a cut-off indicating BICs was evaluated. In total, 331 patients completed the 39-item ICD-BICQ together with: Type D Scale (DS14), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Florida Patient Acceptance Survey. Five patients were excluded due to reoperations, leaving 326 patients in the analyses. Results revealed a one-factor structure with 32 items and Cronbach's alpha at.948. A cut-off at 36 points displayed the 20% patients with the highest score of BICs. The prevalence was 29.8% in women and 18.4% in men. The psychometric evaluation of the 32-item ICD-BICQ showed acceptable construct validity and internal reliability. We recommend a cut-off score at 36 points to identify patients at risk of having BICs. The prevalence of BICs indicated that both men and women are at risk of having BICs. The ICD-BICQ can be used in clinical practice to help healthcare professionals to identify patients at risk of BICs and as to evaluate BICs when implementing new operation techniques.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the brief illness questionnaire in Iranian with non-specific chronic neck pain

The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) is an instrument for assessing the illness perception. Illness perception varies between individuals based on their health status. There is no study that assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of BIPQ in neck pain patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability, construct validity, and exploratory factor analysis of the Persian BIPQ in individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain. This is a cross-sectional study in which 123 individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain participated. 60 participants examined after 7 days for testing reliability. Reliability was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change. For assessing construct validity and item-total correlation, correlation tests were used. Also, exploratory factor analysis was done to assess the factor structure of the BIPQ. Exploratory factor analysis' results showed that there were 2 factors with Eigenvalues >1. Factor 1 included "identity", "consequence", "timeline", and "emotional response". Factor 2 consisted of "coherence" and "treatment control". The intra-class correlation coefficient and the cronbach's alpha for the total score was 0.8 and 0.86 respectively. Results of correlation tests showed an acceptable construct validity except with SF-12 mental component. Item-total correlation tests demonstrated that the correlations were above 0.3 for all subscales except for "treatment control" and "coherence". BIPQ has an acceptable properties to assess illness perception in individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain. The results of exploratory factor analysis and item-total correlation confirmed that 2-subscale version is more acceptable.

The factors affecting patient aggression scale: psychometric testing of a new tool

Aim: To report the development and psychometric testing of the Factors Affecting Patient Aggression Scale (the FAPAS), a new attitude scale constructed to measure nurses&#8217; perception of miscellaneous factors in terms of their potential to increase the risk of patient aggression against nurses. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted according to the STROBE checklist. Data were collected using the FAPAS between November 2014 and May 2015. Registered nurses (n = 1,220) from nine teaching hospitals across Slovakia were included in the study. Construct validity and reliability of the instrument were tested using SPSS 18.0. Results: Resulting from the factor analysis, a six-factor structure was revealed. Six subscales representing specific groups of factors affecting patient aggression against nurses can be conditioned by Gender aspects, Situations of physical and emotional distress of a patient, Nurse-related factors, Factors of nursing shift organization, Patient-related factors, Factors of the nursing workplace environment. The Cronbach&#8217;s alpha of the instrument was 0.91, ranging from 0.63 to 0.88 for subscales. Conclusion: Based on psychometric testing in the Slovak sociocultural context, the FAPAS showed acceptable reliability and construct validity and thus is considered a promising instrument for measuring nurses&#8217; perception of miscellaneous factors of patient aggression.

A validation study of the Slovak version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (with Slovak nurses)

Aim: To verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument in the Slovak Republic. Design: A cross-sectional validation study. Methods: The study was conducted according to the STROBE checklist. Data were collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) between December 2017 and July 2018. Registered nurses (n = 1,427) from 21 hospitals across Slovakia were included in the study. Construct validity and reliability of the instrument were tested using SPSS 25.0. Results: Results of the Principal Component Analysis did not replicate the dimensionality or the factor structure of the original U.S. version of the instrument. Resulting from the factor analysis, an eight-factor structure was indicated. We identified two new factors in the HSOPS, namely: &#8220;Perception of patient safety, staffing-adequacy and staffing-blaming&#8221; and &#8220;Management strategy / Safety planning&#8221;. Some factors of the original version were combined into one, while others were excluded. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the instrument was 0.88, ranging from 0.42 to 0.86 for particular subscales. Conclusion: Psychometric testing of the HSOPS in the Slovak sociocultural context indicated acceptable reliability and construct validity of the tool. It is, therefore, considered promising as an instrument for measuring nurses&#8217; perception of patient safety culture.

Translation, Trans-Cultural Adaptation to Arabic, and Psychometric Testing of a Questionnaire Measuring Colorectal Cancer Knowledge, Perceptions, and Screening Practices among Average-Risk Population.

Purpose:Modifying, translating to Arabic, trans-culturally adapting, and testing the psychometric properties of colorectal cancer knowledge perception screening survey (CRCKPSS) to fit with Arabic culture to measure Jordanian average risk population’s health beliefs about colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods:A methodological cross-sectional design was employed to recruit a convenience sample of 460 average-risk Jordanian adults aged 50–75 years from the outpatient departments (OPDs) of two governmental hospitals in Jordan. The study was conducted in three phases: (a) Minimal modification of the CRCKPSS was undertaken. (b) Translation and transcultural adaptation of the modified version from English to Arabic were undertaken. (c) Validation of the trans-culturally modified Arabic version was performed. Results:Construct validity of the final trans-culturally modified Arabic version was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, which yielded five factors. The total variance explained by all extracted factors was 83.4%. Cronbach’s alpha was applied separately for all five subscales and ranged between 0.94 and 0.98, indicating that the adapted version items have distinguishing consistency. Conclusions:Examining communities’ health beliefs regarding CRC is an important issue and requires a culturally valid and reliable scale. The modified Arabic version exhibited acceptable content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity when used with the Jordanian average-risk population. Nurses and other health professionals can use it to assess beliefs about CRC and screening practices accurately. Moreover, the scale may be beneficial to other Arab countries, considering the diverse dialects within the Arab world.

The development and validation of the Multidimensional Paternal Perinatal Scale (MPPS)

The limited availability of screening tools for assessing fathers' emotional well-being during the perinatal period warrants the development of a new measure, especially since the existing measurements did not specifically focus on fathers' perinatal experiences. These existing measurements focus on the assessment of clinical symptoms rather than precursors that may negatively impact on perinatal father's well-being. Based on the paternal perinatal conceptual framework, the Multidimensional Paternal Perinatal Scale (MPPS) was developed to identify precursors that contribute to the father's emotional well-being during the perinatal period. This paper examines three steps of measurement development. The first step comprised item development based on the literature and qualitative findings. The second step comprised conducting the qualitative and quantitative judgment analysis of the MPPS content validity. The third step assessed inter-rater reliability. Two versions of the MPPS were developed: the antenatal and postnatal versions. The antenatal version of the MPPS includes 75 items and targets 11 precursors of paternal perinatal emotional well-being, while the postnatal version includes 103 items and targets 13 precursors of poor emotional well-being. The validity analysis showed that both the antenatal and postnatal subscales met content validity requirements. The overall Content Validity Index (CVI) of the antenatal version was equal to .95 for clarity and .99 for relevance, while the postnatal version showed a CVI of .98 for clarity and .93 for relevance. The inter-rater reliability for each of the antenatal and postnatal versions of the MPPS showed an AC2 of .67. The exploratory factor analysis derived a five-factor solution for the ANT-MPPS, and eight-factor solution for POST-MPPS. Both versions of the MPPS showed acceptable internal consistency. Overall, the findings showed adequate indices for content validity and inter-rater reliability of the new Multidimensional Paternal Perinatal Scales. Additionally, the MPPS demonstrated an acceptable construct validity and internal consistency. Results demonstrate that both versions of the scale successfully characterised antecedents of emotional well-being and as such can be used to identify fathers at risk of poor emotional well-being in the antenatal and postnatal environments.

The cross-cultural adaptation, construct validity, and intra-rater reliability of the functional mobility scale in Brazilian Portuguese for children and adolescents with spina bifida

Purpose The purpose of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) to Brazilian Portuguese and analyse its construct validity and intra-rater reliability in a sample of caregivers of children and adolescents with spina bifida (SB). Material and methods The cross-cultural adaptation followed five stages: two forward translations, synthesis, back-translation, committee review and pre-testing (n = 20). Construct validity was assessed by comparing the FMS with the classifications of Hoffer and Schoenmakers (n = 40). Intra-rater reliability was assessed by comparing the ratings of 14 caregivers, on two occasions. Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient was used to test the construct validity of the FMS, while the kappa coefficient was used to test intra-rater reliability. Results Caregivers reported no difficulties with completing the FMS in Brazilian Portuguese. Construct validity tests showed positive correlations between the distances of 5 m (house), 50 m (school) and 500 m (community) in the FMS and the classifications of Hoffer (τ = 0.84; τ = 0.90; τ = 0.68; p < 0.01) and Schoenmakers (τ = 0.83; τ = 0.89; τ = 0.76; p < 0.01), respectively. Excellent intra-rater reliability (kappa = 0.9–1.0) was found for all three distances in the FMS. Conclusions The FMS in Brazilian Portuguese showed acceptable intra-rater reliability and construct validity when used to measure the mobility level of patients with SB. We recommend its use in clinical practice and research. Implications for Rehabilitation A valid and reliable instrument for assessing the mobility of patients with SB; A cross-cultural and adapted FMS in Brazilian Portuguese; An instrument for therapeutic and functional approaches outside the clinical setting; The FMS in the Brazilian Portuguese online version shows mistranslations.

The patient enablement instrument for back pain: reliability, content validity, construct validity and responsiveness

BackgroundCurrently, there are no outcome measures assessing the ability of people with non-specific low back pain to self-manage their illness. Inspired by the ‘Patient Enablement Instrument’, we developed the Patient Enablement Instrument for Back Pain (PEI-BP). The aim of this study was to describe the development of the Patient Enablement Instrument for Back Pain (PEI-BP) and investigate content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, measurement error, responsiveness and floor and ceiling effects.MethodsThe PEI-BP consists of 6 items that are rated on a 0–10 Numeric Rating Scale. Measurement properties were evaluated using the COSMIN taxonomy and were based on three cohorts from primary care with low back pain: The content validity cohort (N = 14) which participated in semi-structured interviews, the GLA:D® Back cohort (N = 272) and the test–retest cohort (N = 37) which both completed self-reported questionnaires. For construct validity and responsiveness, enablement was compared to disability (Oswestry Disability Index), back pain beliefs (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), fear avoidance (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire—physical activity), mental health (SF-36), educational level and number of previous episodes of low back pain.ResultsThe PEI-BP was found to have acceptable content validity, construct validity, reliability (internal consistency, test–retest reliability and measurement error) and responsiveness. The Smallest Detectable Change was 10.1 points illustrating that a patient would have to change more than 1/6 of the scale range for it to be a true change. A skewed distribution towards the high scores were found at baseline indicating a potentially problematic ceiling effect in the current population.ConclusionsThe PEI-BP can be considered a valid and reliable tool to measure enablement on people seeking care for non-specific LBP. Further testing of the PEI-BP in populations with more severe LBP is recommended.Trial registration: Not applicable.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the ID-Pain Questionnaire.

The Identification Pain questionnaire (IDPQ) is one of the recommended tools by the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain for neuropathic pain screening. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Persian version of the IDPQ. First, the IDPQ was translated based on the recommended guidelines. Afterward, the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), construct validity (compared to the Douleur Neuropathique 4 [DN4] questionnaire), and discriminant validity (Receiver operating curve analysis) of the IDPQ-P were evaluated. A total of 90 patients with neuropathic (n=50) and nociceptive pain (n=40) were enrolled in the study. In the next 72 h after the initial assessment, 30 patients (15 with neuropathic and 15 with nociceptive pain) completed the IDPQ-P. No modifications were needed in the process of translation and cultural adaptation. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained at 0.47 for all patients, indicating poor internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient was estimated at 0.97, showing excellent test-retest reliability. A high correlation was found between the DN4 questionnaire and IDPQ-P (0.74), showing acceptable construct validity. The area under the curve was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88-0.99) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.99) when the physician's diagnosis and the DN4 cut-off value were used as the reference standard, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of ≥ 2 demonstrated the highest sensitivity (98%) and specificity (79%). The IDPQ-P can be used in the clinical setting as an accurate and quick screening tool to diagnose patients with neuropathic pain. Sufficient test-retest reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity, and high diagnostic accuracy were found for the IDPQ-P.

Validation of the portuguese version of the mentalization questionnaire in a sample of college students: Preliminary results

IntroductionMentalization (MZ) is the capacity by which people make sense of their own’s and others’ mental states; when compromised, it is associated with several mental disorders (Bateman &amp; Fonagy, 2010). A valid instrument to assess MZ is missing and required for the Portuguese population.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a Portuguese version (Questionário de Mentalização – QMZ) of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) (Hausberg et al., 2012).MethodsA sample of 184 Portuguese medical students (mean age = 21.6 ± 2.47 years, 59.8% female) was used to explore the psychometric properties of the scale, using reliability and factor analysis (varimax rotation method).ResultsThe QMZ exhibited a Cronbach’s alpha score of .80. All items contributed to its reliability. Based on the scree plot of Cattell and interpretability of items, a 2-factor and a 5-factor structures were further explored. The former explained 38.8% of the total variance (VE) and included a regulation of affect (VE= 27.3%, α=.79) and a self-reflection and emotional awareness (VE= 11.5%, α=.62) factors. The latter explained 60.6% of the total variance and incorporated the following dimensions: self-control (VE= 27.3%, α=.74), daily relationships (VE= 11.5%, α=.67), self-comprehension (VE= 8.1%, α=.54), close relationships (VE= 7.0%, α=.41) and self-monitoring (VE= 6.7%, α=.52). The 5-factor structure was closer to the dimensional concept of mentalization.ConclusionsThe QMZ has proved to be a promising instrument, with adequate psychometric properties, confirmed by its acceptable construct, criterion and factorial validity and reliability to assess mentalization in Portuguese language.

Development and initial validation of the hardiness based parenting behaviors questionnaire (HBPBQ)

The present study was conducted for developing and validating the Hardiness Based Parenting Behaviors Questionnaire (HBPBQ) for parents of children aged between 7 and 12. Based on a mixed-method approach, the research was carried out through the course of multiple stages. In the item development stage, items were generated by applying deductive and inductive methods. In Study 1, the exploratory factor analysis was evaluated, while Study 2 examined the construct validity of the questionnaire. Selected based on a convenience sampling method, a total of 663 parents made up the sample size of the two studies. In the item development section, three higher-order themes and 13 sub-themes were identified. In Study 1, the results of the exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor model (responsive interaction, empowering participation, and learning-oriented support) that is consistent with the existing research literature on hardiness. In Study 2, CFA results confirmed the factorial validity of the HBPBQ. The results also demonstrated that HBPBQ shows acceptable reliability and construct validity. Findings indicate that the 37-item HBPBQ can be applied in assessing parents’ hardiness behaviors. However, further research is needed on the dimensions and application of the questionnaire in other cultures.

Predictive Validity of the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden Skin Risk Tools in Critical Care Patients: A Multisite Project.

Patients in intensive care units are 5 times more likely to have skin integrity issues develop than patients in other units. Identifying the most appropriate assessment tool may be critical to preventing pressure injuries in intensive care patients. To validate the Cubbin-Jackson skin risk assessment in the critical care setting and to compare the predictive accuracy of the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden scales for the same patients. In 5 intensive care units, the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden assessments were completed by different clinicians within 61 minutes of each other for 4137 patients between October 2017 and March 2018. Bivariate correlations and the Fisher exact test were used to check for associations between the scores. The Cubbin-Jackson and Braden scores were significantly and positively correlated (r = 0.80, P < .001). Both tools were significant predictors of skin changes and identified as "at risk" 100% of the patients who had a change in skin integrity occur. The specificity was 18.4% for the Cubbin-Jackson scale and 27.9% for the Braden scale, and the area under the curve was 0.75 (P < .001) for the Cubbin-Jackson scale and 0.76 (P < .001) for the Braden scale. These findings show acceptable construct validity for both scales. The predictive validities of the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden scales are similar, but both are sub-optimal because of poor specificity and positive predictive value. Change in practice may not be warranted, because there are no differences between the 2 scales of practical benefit to bedside nurses.

Psychometric Testing of the Korean Version of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 in Clinical Nurses

Purpose: To determine psychometric properties of the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24) among Korean clinical nurses.Methods: A methodological design was used. Data were collected from 408 clinical nurses. Construct validity analysis was performed, including factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach’s ⍺ coefficients, inter-item correlation, and corrected item-total correlation.Results: Exploratory factor analysis produced three factors: ‘empathy and supporting’, ‘knowledge and skills’, and ‘providing comfort’. In confirmatory factor analysis results, model fit indices were acceptable (x&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/df=3.50, RMR=.05, RMSEA=.08, CFI=.90). The values obtained for the AVE ranged from .53 to .68, and for the CR ranged from .53 to .68. Convergent validity coefficients were noticeably greater in magnitude than discriminant validity coefficients: .53 (AVE&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; value) and .68 (AVE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; value)≥.45 (r&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; value) and .68 (AVE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; value) and .63 (AVE&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; value)≥.61 (r&lt;sub&gt;23&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; value). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s ⍺) of CBI-K was .95.Conclusion: The CBI-K was shown to have acceptable construct validity and good internal consistency. Study findings imply that CBI-K could be a useful instrument for clinical administrators and nursing researchers to assess caring behaviors among Korean clinical nurses. Utilization of CBI-K might contribute to the building of empirical knowledge and the understanding of caring behaviors from nurses’ perspectives.

Multidisciplinary digital competencies of pre-service vocational teachers

Developments of Industry 4.0 require a set of multidisciplinary digital competencies for future vocational teachers, consisting of specific knowledge, motivational aspects, cognitive abilities and skills to fulfill the demands of digitally interconnected work situations. The competence model that is adapted from future work scenarios of vocational apprentices in Industry 4.0 includes attitudes towards digitization and handling of digital devices, information literacy, application of digital security standards, virtual collaboration, digital problem solving as well as a demonstration of reflective judgment of one’s actions in an interconnected and digital environment. Structural equation modeling was used to assess N = 205 pre-service vocational teachers between 18 and 35 years of age. The findings indicate the relationship of the proposed dimensions, measured through external- and self-assessments validate the proposed structure of the multidisciplinary digital competencies. However, attitude towards digitization can predict the self-efficacy of the relevant Multidisciplinary Digital Competencies but not the actual achievement in an external assessed scenario. Nevertheless, this study confirms that self-assessed multidisciplinary digital competencies can predict achievement in an external and qualitative-assessed competence test. Fit indices show an acceptable model conception, the reliability and construct validity of the model were confirmed. Findings suggest that the attitude towards digitization and the application of digital security standards are important, whereas the ability to solve digital problems seems to have a weak relation to the general multidisciplinary digital competencies of pre-service vocational teachers.

Assessing health empowerment - Brazilian cross-cultural adaptation and validity testing of the health education impact questionnaire (heiQ) among people with chronic low back pain

BackgroundThere is no patient reported outcome measure available in Brazilian Portuguese to comprehensively assess outcomes following administration of patient education programs for people with chronic conditions. ObjectiveTo describe the cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Health Education Impact Questionnaire (heiQ), a multidimensional questionnaire designed for the evaluation of patient education programs, which was tested in people with chronic low back pain (LBP). MethodsOne hundred thirty-seven individuals with non-specific chronic LBP (age: 38.7 ± 13.2) were enrolled in the study. The translation was performed according to international standards. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability, Cronbach’s α to assess internal consistency, Pearson rank correlation to compare the heiQ scales with comparator scales, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for structural validity. ResultsThe test-retest analysis yielded ICC values ranging from 0.75 to 0.91. Cronbach’s alphas for the seven scales ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. Significant correlations between affective and general health constructs and the heiQ scales (72%) were observed. For the majority of the scales, the CFA fit statistics showed to be good to excellent. ConclusionOverall, the Brazilian Portuguese version of the heiQ showed acceptable reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and structural validity in individuals with chronic LBP. The heiQ scales may serve as direct outcomes to assess education and self-management programs for the Brazilian Portuguese speaker population.

Development and preliminary evaluation of the Conventional Medicine Disclosure Index.

Non-disclosure of conventional medicine use to complementary medicine health professionals may result in patient harm. Currently, no standardised validated instrument is available to measure reasons for conventional medicine disclosure or non-disclosure. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a multidimensional index for identifying reasons for conventional medicine disclosure and non-disclosure by patients. Drawing upon a sub-sample of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Health Literacy Disclosure Study (N=520), a formative measurement approach was used to develop a Conventional Medicine Disclosure Index (CONMED-DI). Variance-based structural equation modelling employing partial least squares evaluated multicollinearity, significance and relevance of the formative indicators to their associated primary constructs. The CONMED-DI demonstrated adequate construct validity suggesting the CONMED-DI is a pragmatic measure to determine the reasons why people choose to disclose (or not) their conventional medicine use. The CONMED-DI contains 2second-order measurement models, both with three sub-domains. The CONMED-DI serves as a preliminary instrument primarily of value to researchers interested in exploring the complementary medicine clinical encounter. The development of targeted interventions that promote disclosure of conventional medicine can be facilitated through understanding patients' reasons for disclosure and non-disclosure and optimise patients' safe use of medicines.