Acceptable Boundaries Research Articles

The impact of generative AI on school music education: Challenges and recommendations

The widespread application of generative artificial intelligence (AI) poses both opportunities and challenges in formal music education. Students can now effortlessly compose using simple text prompts with AI music generators, a situation which encourages innovative pedagogical approaches and democratizes creativity in the music classroom. However, concerns about cultural bias, originality, equity, and the ethical use of generative AI in school music education require careful regulation. This article highlights both the potential benefits and risks through a review of current applications of generative AI in music education, in the process proposing a set of policy recommendations that can serve to ethically and effectively guide its use. These include enhancing AI literacy among students and teachers, developing assessment frameworks that reflect the collaborative nature of AI-assisted music creation, defining acceptable boundaries in terms of ensuring equitable access to AI tools, and providing professional development opportunities for music teachers. By maintaining an awareness of technological advancements and their impact on students’ musical engagement, school music education can remain relevant to young people’s evolving musical experiences while simultaneously preparing them to engage confidently, creatively, and critically with the complex landscape of generative AI.

Imitation learning with artificial neural networks for demand response with a heuristic control approach for heat pumps

The flexibility of electrical heating devices can help address the issues arising from the growing presence of unpredictable renewable energy sources in the energy system. In particular, heat pumps offer an effective solution by employing smart control methods that adjust the heat pump’s power output in reaction to demand response signals. This paper combines imitation learning based on an artificial neural network with an intelligent control approach for heat pumps. We train the model using the output data of an optimization problem to determine the optimal operation schedule of a heat pump. The objective is to minimize the electricity cost with a time-variable electricity tariff while keeping the building temperature within acceptable boundaries. We evaluate our developed novel method, PSC-ANN, on various multi-family buildings with differing insulation levels that utilize an underfloor heating system as thermal storage. The results show that PSC-ANN outperforms a positively evaluated intelligent control approach from the literature and a conventional control approach. Further, our experiments reveal that a trained imitation learning model for a specific building is also applicable to other similar buildings without the need to train it again with new data. Our developed approach also reduces the execution time compared to optimally solving the corresponding optimization problem. PSC-ANN can be integrated into multiple buildings, enabling them to better utilize renewable energy sources by adjusting their electricity consumption in response to volatile external signals.

Early plant disease diagnosis through handheld UV-Vis transmittance spectrometer with DD-SIMCA one-class classification and MCR-ALS bilinear decomposition

A novel non-destructive analytical method for early diagnosis of two bacterial diseases, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, in tomato plants, using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) transmittance spectroscopy and chemometric tools, is developed. Plant-pathogen interactions caused tissue damage that generated non-linear data patterns compared to the control set (healthy samples), which complicates traditional discrimination models, even when employing non-linear discriminant approaches. Alternatively, an authentication task to conduct one-class classification relying on a data-driven version of soft independent modeling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA) is a wise choice due to its quadratic approach, proper to deal with non-linear data. DD-SIMCA detached the target class (control healthy plant leaflet tissues) from all other samples (target class and non-target class of plant leaflet tissues inoculated with two bacteria, even before the manifestation of macroscopic lesions associated with the diseases) by capturing the main similarities within the samples of the target class through the full distance that acts as a classification analytical signal, reaching 100% sensitivity in the training and validation sets. Multivariate curve resolution constrained analysis allowed the description of the bacterial inoculation process on diseased tissues through pure spectral signatures. DD-SIMCA results indicate that non-target class of samples with higher proximity to the acceptance boundary suggested that they were at earlier stages of infection compared to more distant ones, presenting lower full distance values. These findings reveal that a handheld UV-Vis transmittance spectrometer is sufficiently sensitive to be used in acquiring biological data with suitable chemometric modeling for early disease diagnosis and prompt intervention.

Chinese public risk perception and acceptance of Facial Recognition Technology applied in law enforcement.

This study integrates the Perceived Risk Theory and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, along with factors such as trust and procedural legitimacy, to assess the Chinese public's risk perception and acceptance of Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) in law enforcement. Analyzing 1,561 valid questionnaires collected from February to July 2023, the results demonstrate that trust and procedural legitimacy positively influence public acceptance of FRT. Trust also mediates the effects of perceived privacy and functional risks on FRT acceptance. Privacy and social risks deter public acceptance, while functional risks surprisingly show positive effects. The study identifies a descending order of negative impact among these risk categories. In addition, the convenience, location and purpose of FRT use, and the severity of crimes it targets significantly delineate public acceptance boundaries, reflecting a consequentialist approach to technology ethics that prioritizes utility and outcomes.

Learning tracheal intubation with a hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy blade: sub-analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

The number of tracheal intubation attempts required to reach proficiency in videolaryngoscopy with hyperangulated blades is unknown. Understanding this training requirement might guide training for clinicians who perform laryngoscopy. We therefore performed a planned sub-analysis of a randomised controlled trial comparing tracheal intubation success with videolaryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy to determine the number of tracheal intubations with a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope blade needed to provide an acceptable first-attempt success rate. We included clinicians from a randomised controlled trial who were familiar with direct laryngoscopy and Macintosh-blade videolaryngoscopy but inexperienced with hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy. Cumulative sum statistics were used to generate learning curves with acceptable success rates of 85% and unacceptable success rates of 70% for the primary outcome of first-attempt tracheal intubation success. We included 223 clinicians (25 consultants; 35 certified registered nurse anaesthetists; 36 student registered nurse anaesthetists; 46 fellows; and 81 residents) who attempted tracheal intubation in 4312 procedures. The median (IQR [range]) number of tracheal intubations per clinician was 15 (8-25 [1-77]). First-attempt failure was low, with only 72 failed first attempts overall, and was comparable across clinician groups. In total, 133 (60%) clinicians crossed the acceptable success rate boundary while the remaining 90 (40%) clinicians crossed neither the acceptable nor unacceptable success rate boundaries. Among clinicians who crossed the acceptance boundary, the median (IQR [range]) number of attempts for learning was 12 (12-12 [12-26]). Clinicians experienced in tracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy but unfamiliar with hyperangulated-blade videolaryngoscopy can achieve proficiency after approximately 12 attempts.

Transmisogyny, Ableism and Compulsory Cisness: Case Studies from Byzantium

Abstract This article uses case studies from Byzantium to demonstrate a new trans framework for gendered historical analysis that recognizes identity as both fluid and painful. Instead of placing the emphasis on whether or not we can call an individual trans, it explores the forces that produced cisness, and the cis and trans lives people carved out amidst them. We find ableism and transmisogyny at the heart of three important pieces of trans history from the middle Byzantine period: a description by Michael Psellos of a child whose femininity is framed in terms of disability, Nikephoros Basilakes’ Confirmation and Refutation of the story of Atalanta, and Psellos’ own expressions of gendered identity in their epistolography. Focusing on the collusion of cisness and able-bodiedness produces a complex image of how some Byzantines could incorporate gender transgression into a cis life, while others negotiated life outside the boundaries of acceptability. More broadly, this framework reveals the entanglements of transness and cisness, which demand that historical analysis does not stop at the borders of inner states.

Enhancing model characterization of PEM Fuel cells with human memory optimizer including sensitivity and uncertainty analysis

This paper presents a novel attempt to identify the seven unknown proton exchange membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)’ parameters. The sum of quadratic deviations (SQD) between the appropriate estimated model-based and the measured dataset points is used to define the cost function. A human memory optimizer (HMO) is employed to decide on the best PEMFC parameters within acceptable boundaries. The AVISTA SR-12, BCS 500-W, NedStack PS6 6-kW, and 250-W units are four different real-world datasets of commercial PEMFCs stacks that are used to test the applied HMO method. The SQD’s values for AVISTA SR-12, BCS 500-W, NedStack PS6 6-kW and 250-W units are 0.000142335, 0.0116978, 2.145700, and 0.331371, respectively (all in V2). The findings demonstrate that the PEMFC model is accurately characterized by the HMO, with sensitivity analysis performed using Monte-Carlo indicators, Sobol indices, and sensitivity metrics. The HMO-based approach has good efficacy in obtaining smooth convergence patterns and the lowest values of SQDs.

“New Sincerity” Interview Strategies: Million Dollar Questions and Smaller Conversational Exchanges

The article deals with the techniques of building a dialogue in the interview genre that encourage the interlocutor to be sincere. The intrusion of a journalist into the addressee’s private space, as well as the interviewee’s expression of their own identity through answers to “uncomfortable” questions can be considered as the discursive indicators for determining whether a text belongs to the tendency of “new sincerity” described in the present paper. The material of the study includes text fragments from the interviews of the Russian journalists with famous cultural figures and politicians published in the media or posted on the Internet platforms within the period of 2018–2023. It has been established that in order to determine the markers of “new sincerity” in the genre of a journalistic interview, one should consider the following essential discursive characteristics: thematic variety, methods of requesting (finding out) information by a journalist, the interlocutor’s reaction to a question that is on the borderline between public and private communication, techniques of euphemization and implication/explication of taboo meanings. “New sincerity” is found, first of all, in the expanded zone of thematic freedom acceptable in public communication. The main topics discussed in journalistic interviews, which reveal this trend (finances, health, appearance, etc.) are described in the article. The subject of the study is various methods of stimulating the “confessional” statement of the interlocutor and their latter’s reaction to violations of the acceptable boundaries of sincerity in public communication. The study also reveals metalinguistic markers of “new sincerity” that represent the strategies of speech behavior of both the journalist and their interlocutor. The results of the study show that “new sincerity” is becoming a technology that is used in mass media as a tool to influence the audience; thereby it shapes the communicative culture of the society in the public space.

Social Sciences (Miscellaneous): Categories of Morality and Ethics in Modern Dominant Socio-Philosophical Concepts

Annotation. This article is devoted to the analysis of the categories of morality and ethics in the modern socio-philosophical concepts dominating in the world. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the concepts of "morality" and "ethics" as socio-philosophical categories and as phenomena of social reality. In particular, morality in the work is understood as a set of ideas accepted in a particular society (which can be formalized in the form of regulations, legal customs and judicial precedents, or reflected in traditions, folklore, linguistic culture and other stable forms of social communication) about possible and acceptable boundaries of human behavior and his relationship to the surrounding reality (primarily society, man and nature), through the prism of which a person manifests himself as a thinking being with freedom of internal choice. In turn, ethics in work is understood as the internal side of morality, which is formed in a person in the process of interiorization of his psyche, which is a set of ideas conscious and accepted by a given person about the possible and acceptable boundaries of his behavior, as well as about his relationship to the surrounding reality (material and the immaterial world). The article substantiates the concept of a dominant socio-philosophical concept and provides a system of features identifying it. The authors analyze current trends in the positioning of the concepts of "morality" and "ethics" in the main socio-philosophical concepts dominant in the modern world: neoliberalism; neoconservatism; liberalism; conservatism; neo-anarchism; neo-marxism; marxism (proletarian internationalism); anti-globalism; alter-globalism; global constitutionalism; Islamic radical fundamentalism; Shiism; Sunnism, traditional and Orthodox Judaism, Chabadism. The work substantiates the position that the processes of globalization, which currently cover all of humanity, lead to an extremely negative tendency to smooth out contradictions regarding the ideas of the dominant socio-philosophical concepts on the model of man within their framework, one of the typifying features of which is the formation in human society of a new morality (an anti-moral person), whose behavior and attitude to the surrounding reality is increasingly determined by the system of his desires and needs, which, in turn, are increasingly formed in a manipulative manner by the global managing elites represented by the global managing class, without having any relation to the real needs of both individual citizens and society as a whole, ensuring their preservation and full development as rational, self-aware and free individuals.

Masculinist Actionism: Gender and Strategic Change in US Cyber Strategy

How do gender hierarchies inform processes of strategic change? Drawing upon feminist institutionalism and security studies, we argue that gender hierarchies form the boundaries of acceptability for strategic change. We conduct a qualitative feminist analysis of cyber strategy policy documents and expert commentary around a 2018 shift in US cyber strategy. We identify two ideal-typical modes of masculinity—military and “tech”—as influential in conditioning US cyber strategy. The interaction of these masculinities facilitated the emergence of “defending forward” and “persistent engagement” as proactive, dynamic, and suitably masculine new strategic concepts. The previously preferred strategic concept, deterrence, conversely, was constructed in line with feminized tropes as weak, passive, and reactive. Strategic change is facilitated by a change in the meaning of a specific gender norm—masculinized action—while still constrained by the continuation of a broader gender hierarchy of masculinities over femininities, and the associated valorization of action over passivity and dependence.

Borderline content and platformised speech governance: Mapping TikTok's moderation controversies in South and Southeast Asia

AbstractContent moderation comes with trade‐offs and moral dilemmas, particularly for transnational platforms governing borderline content where the boundaries of acceptability are subject to debate. While extensive research has explored the legality and legitimacy of platformised speech governance in established democracies, few address the complexities of less‐than‐democratic developing nations. Through sociolegal analysis and controversy mapping of TikTok's localised moderation in South and Southeast Asia, the study examines how major actors negotiate the shifting boundaries of online speech. The analysis reveals that neither the platform nor regional states are well‐positioned to achieve sound governance of borderline content. Primarily, TikTok localises its moderation based on pragmatic necessity rather than moral obligations, deliberately sidestepping contentious political controversies. Governments demonstrate determined efforts to control online discourse, leveraging legal uncertainty to further political agendas. Thus, local content governance often relies on vague rationales around securitisation and morality. The contradictory motives of (de)politicising borderline moderation seemingly counterbalance each other, yet in practice lead to an accountability vacuum where legitimate interests are sidelined. Given the lack of normative common ground, ensuring procedural justice and encouraging civic participation are essential to counteract rhetoric that rationalises imposition of certain speech norms hinging on imbalanced political power.

Regional lymph node mapping in patients with penile cancer undergoing radical inguinal lymph node dissection - a retrospective cohort study.

Radical inguinal lymph node dissection (rILND) is the most available treatment to cure penile cancer (PC) with limited inguinal-confined disease. However, guidelines regarding acceptable boundaries of rILND are controversial, and consensus is lacking. The authors aimed to standardize the surgical boundaries of rILND with definite pathological evidence and explore the distribution pattern of inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) in PC. A total of 414 PC patients from two centers who underwent rILND were enrolled. The ILN distribution was divided into seven zones anatomically for pathological examination. Student's t test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used. ILNs displayed a funnel-shaped distribution with high density in superior regions. ILNs and metastatic nodes are present anywhere within the radical boundaries. Positive ILNs were mainly concentrated in zone I (51.7%) and zone II (41.3%), but there were 8.7% and 12.3% in inferior zones V and VI, respectively, and 7.1% in the deep ILNs. More importantly, a single positive ILN and first-station positive zone was detected in all seven regions. Single positive ILNs were located in zones I through VI in 40.4%, 23.6%, 6.7%, 18.0%, 4.5%, and 1.1%, respectively, and 5.6% presented deep ILN metastasis directly. The authors established a detailed ILN distribution map and displayed lymphatic drainage patterns with definite pathological evidence using a large cohort of PC patients. Single positive ILNs and first-station metastatic zones were observed in any region, even directly with deep ILN metastasis. Only rILND can ensure tumor-free resection without the omission of positive nodes.

Trade Openness and Economic Growth of Nepal: An Econometric Analysis

Background: The relationship between trade openness and economic growth has been a subject of empirical investigation- a multifaceted and evolving issue in the context of Nepal which is a highly import-based economy. In this background, the results of the exploration of the relationship between trade openness and economic growth would be relevant to suggest that policymakers in adopting the policies and boosting the available capital and labour to attain the benefits of trade openness. Objectives: This study examines the impact of trade openness on the economic growth of Nepal considering GDP, human capital, real gross capital formation, and trade openness employing both descriptive and econometric methods. Methods: This study incorporated the annual time series data published by the government of Nepal from the year 1990 to 2021 and analyzed employing the vector error correction model (VECM) along with the descriptive analysis. Results: Descriptive statistics reveal that the model follows a normal distribution, as indicated by the results of JarqueBera, where the p-values of the variables exceed 0.05. The variables demonstrate stationary at the first order and are cointegrated as such vector error correction model (VECM) is employed. The presence of a negative and significant error correction term (ECT) indicates that the variables are adjusting towards long run equilibrium. Furthermore, the stability of the model is confirmed by the cumulative sum (CUSUM) test as the residual plots remain within acceptable boundaries of a 5 percent significance level. Finally, the results indicate that trade openness does not have a significant and pivotal influence on economic growth. Conclusion: Trade openness does not have a significant influence on economic growth. Capital has a significant and positive relationship with stimulating economic growth, however, human capital has a significant but negative relationship with economic growth in the long run in Nepal.

Two-stage Robust Optimization Scheduling Considering Wind Uncertainty and Multi-area Frequency Dynamic Safety

The large-scale wind power grid connection exacerbates the problem of uneven distribution of inertia between different regions, posing challenges to the frequency security defense of multi-area systems. This article proposes a two-stage robust optimization scheduling model that considers both the uncertainty of wind power output and the dynamic safety of multi-area frequencies. Firstly, according to the conditional value at risk theory, the operating cost and operating risk of the multi-region system are optimized, and the acceptable safety boundary of wind power is obtained. Secondly, multi-zone frequency dynamic safety verification is carried out in harsh wind power scenarios. Decouple the reserve capacity into non-accident reserve and accident reserve, and nest them separately in a two-stage model to achieve clear solution ideas. Finally, the two-stage optimization problem is solved through the column and constraint generation algorithm. The simulation results of numerical examples show that the model and method can effectively improve the frequency response capability of the multi-region system, so as to ensure the safe and economical operation of the system.

Assessing the barriers and enablers to the implementation of the diagnostic radiographer musculoskeletal X-ray reporting service within the NHS in England: a systematic literature review

IntroductionThe United Kingdom (UK) government's healthcare policy in the early 1990s paved the way adoption of the skills mix development and implementation of diagnostic radiographers' X-ray reporting service. Current clinical practice within the public UK healthcare system reflects the same pressures of increased demand in patient imaging and limited capacity of the reporting workforce (radiographers and radiologists) as in the 1990s. This study aimed to identify, define and assess the longitudinal macro, meso, and micro barriers and enablers to the implementation of the diagnostic radiographer musculoskeletal X-ray reporting service in the National Healthcare System (NHS) in England.MethodsMultiple independent databases were searched, including PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE; Embase; CINAHL, and Google Scholar, as well as journal databases (Scopus, Wiley), healthcare databases (NHS Evidence Database; Cochrane Library) and grey literature databases (OpenGrey, GreyNet International, and the British Library EthOS depository) and recorded in a PRISMA flow chart. A combination of keywords, Boolean logic, truncation, parentheses and wildcards with inclusion/exclusion criteria and a time frame of 1995–2022 was applied. The literature was assessed against Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklists. With meta-aggregation to synthesize each paper, and coded using NVivo, with context grouped into macro, meso, and micro-level sources and categorised into subgroups of enablers and barriers.ResultsThe wide and diverse range of data (n = 241 papers) identified barriers and enablers of implementation, which were categorised into measures of macro, meso, and micro levels, and thematic categories of context, culture, environment, and leadership.ConclusionThe literature since 1995 has reframed the debates on implementation of the radiographer reporting role and has been instrumental in shaping clinical practice. There has been clear influence upon both meso (professional body) and macro-level (governmental/health service) policies and guidance, that have shaped change at micro-level NHS Trust organisations. There is evidence of a shift in culturally intrenched legacy perspectives within and between different meso-level professional bodies around skills mix acceptance and role boundaries. This has helped shape capacity building of the reporting workforce. All of which have contributed to conceptual understandings of the skills mix workforce within modern radiology services.

In-situ Printability Maps (IPM): A new approach for in-situ printability assessment with application to extrusion-based bioprinting

3D Bioprinting is an emerging field with many highly valuable applications. The most common and versatile technology is extrusion-based bioprinting, which requires extensive experimental campaigns to achieve appropriate quality of the bioprinted constructs when new bioinks or complex geometrical constructs need to be considered. This paper presents a new approach to easily guide operators and scientists to evaluate the probability of successful bioprinting in a defined window of the process parameters, starting from a small experimental campaign and relying on in-situ quality data. The proposed method consists of defining printability maps based on a probabilistic approach. These maps assess the printing outcome considering a specified acceptable deviation from the nominal geometry, which is predefined by the end-user depending on the application at hand. Even if shown with reference to extrusion-based bioprinting, the proposed method can be used with any other bioprinting process and any quality index, including categorical assessment classification. Eventually, the paper shows how the map can be combined with different quality criteria (e.g., productivity, cell viability) to define the appropriate setting, depending on the application at hand. Furthermore, the map provides a practical tool for rapid material printability assessment and robust process optimization. It offers an enhanced visual representation of the process domain, acceptable region boundaries, and their resilience to variation and uncertainties. Eventually, in-situ printability maps represent a further leap for the advancement of bioprinting toward the digital transformation, aiming at increasing the controllability and scalability of the bioprinting process.

Using sequential bone cutting to titrate soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty effectively minimizes soft tissue release

BackgroundAchieving soft tissue balance while maintaining limb alignment within acceptable boundaries is crucial for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We proposed a sequential bone cutting (SBC) technique to titrate the soft tissue balance in robot-assisted TKA to achieve the desired balance with minimum soft tissue release.MethodsIn total, 106 robot-assisted TKAs using the SBC technique were included. The preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) was < 10° in 76 and ≥ 10° in 30 knees. The gaps were initially balanced with the help of the pre-resection balancing provided by the robotic system. Soft tissue balance and alignment were quantitatively measured after the initial bone cutting and final bone cutting. Additional adjustments (bone recuts and soft tissue releases) required to address soft tissue imbalance after initial bone cutting were recorded. The frequencies of soft tissue releases, soft tissue balance, and resultant alignment ≤ 3° were compared between non-severe (HKA < 10°) and severe deformity (HKA ≥ 10°) groups.ResultsSoft tissue balance was achieved in 45 knees (42.5%) after initial bone cutting and in 93 knees (87.7%) after final balancing. The postoperative alignment was within 3° from neutral in 87 knees (82.1%) and 3–5° in 17 knees (16.0%). For unbalanced knees (n = 61) after initial bone cutting, soft tissue release was avoided by SBC in 37 knees (60.7%) and was deemed necessary in 24 knees (39.3%). Soft tissue release was more likely to be avoided in the non-severe deformity cohort (86.8% [33 of 38]) than in the severe deformity cohort (17.4% [4 of 23]; p < 0.001). The non-severe deformity cohort showed a significantly higher rate of resultant alignment ≤ 3° from neutral than the severe deformity cohort (90.8% vs. 60.0%; p < 0.001).ConclusionPre-resection balancing is inappropriate to ensure soft tissue balance. The SBC technique is effective in minimizing soft tissue release while maintaining overall alignment within acceptable boundaries.

Ethical challenges experienced by veterinary practitioners in relation to adverse events: Insights from a qualitative study.

Understanding ethical challenges experienced in relation to adverse events is necessary to inform strategies that optimise patient safety and practitioner wellbeing. A qualitative exploration of UK veterinary practitioners' experiences of adverse events was conducted. Data were collected via 12 focus groups and 20 interviews and analysed using an inductive coding technique. Questions surrounding acceptable boundaries of care, decision-making autonomy, personal scope of practice, use of evidence and speaking up about patient safety concerns were identified as ethically challenging to practitioners when endeavouring to prevent adverse events. Issues of appropriate accountability, interaction and communication with animal owners and the prioritisation of emotional and technical support for themselves and others were identified as ethically challenging in the aftermath of adverse events. The qualitative nature of this study limits the generalisability of the findings. Ethical challenges are experienced by veterinary practitioners in relation to both preventing and responding in the aftermath of adverse events. Strategies that facilitate ethical decision making and reflection and encourage openness and learning from adverse events would likely improve patient safety and enhance practitioner wellbeing. Further research is needed to develop and implement support for practitioners who experience ethical challenges in relation to adverse events.

Heritable genome editing: ethical aspects of a developing domain.

In the past decade, scientific developments in human germline genome editing (GGE) have reinvigorated questions about research ethics, responsible innovation, and what it means to do good in the field of reproductive biology and medicine. In recent years, it has become part of the ethical debate on GGE whether categorical objections about (un)naturalness, dignity, respect for the gene pool as common heritage, are and should be supplemented by more pragmatic questions about safety, utility, efficacy, and potential 'misuse', which seem to become more dominant in the moral discussion. This mini-review summarizes the morally relevant aspects of the rapidly developing domain of GGE, focusing on reproductive applications and with special attention to the ethical questions pertaining to how this technology may affect the interests of those that come to be by means of it. While vital, this encompasses more than safety considerations. Taking this perspective, it will be crucial to engage with normative questions about how GGE maps on the importance of accommodating future parents' preference to have genetically related children, and how far we should go to facilitate this. Similarly, a comprehensive ethical debate about 'appropriate application' of GGE cannot shake off the more fundamental question about how notions like 'normalcy', 'quality of life', and 'disability' can be conceptualized. This is crucial in view of respecting persons whichever traits they have and in view of acceptable boundaries to parental responsibilities.

Colonialities of chrononormativity: Exploring the im/possibilities of un/becoming childhoods

This paper diffracts the work of Maria Lugones, Elizabeth Freeman, and Karen Barad to develop the notion of colonialities of chrononormativity. This diffractive reading is motivated by a desire to examine the way childhoods are a colonial inheritance, producing multiplicitous configurations of children that embody various un/just distributions of agency. That is, like the coloniality of gender (Lugones, 2007), the coloniality of chrononormativity re/produces the boundaries of acceptability around how childhood ought to be performed, as part of broader colonialities of power (Quijano, 2000). This work does not suggest that these colonialities are separable, recognising the entanglement of gender, capitalism, labour, disability, race, sexuality, age, and the reproduction of inequalities. Rather than colonialities diluting one another, we demonstrate how it is this very entanglement that produces the narrow parameters of normative childhoods, fosters hegemony, and affects intelligibilities. While mapping the boundaries of colonialities of childhood is productive, insofar as it resists the naturalisation of colonial taxonomies, we are more concerned with how tracing these entanglements allows us to attend to the im/possibilities of doing ‘childhood’ differently, affording different responses to what it means to become child.