Acceleration Of Urbanization In China Research Articles

The analysis of pedestrian flow in the smart city by improved DWA with robot assistance

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the urban population continues to grow, leading to frequent occurrences of crowded public spaces, which in turn trigger traffic congestion and even safety accidents. In order to more effectively control pedestrian flow, enhance the efficiency and safety of public spaces, this experiment conducts in-depth research and improvement on the traditional Dynamic Window Approach (DWA), and applies it to the fine control of pedestrian flow. Specifically, this study comprehensively reviews and analyzes the characteristics of pedestrian traffic flow and the working principles of traditional DWA. Based on this, the shortcomings of traditional DWA in dealing with complex pedestrian flow scenarios are identified, and targeted improvement solutions are proposed. The core of this improvement scheme lies in the introduction of a new evaluation function, enabling DWA to more accurately balance various factors in the decision-making process, including pedestrian movement speed, direction, and spatial distribution. Subsequently, the improved DWA is validated through simulation experiments. The experimental scenario is set in an area of 18 m*18 m, and compared with traditional DWA, the improved DWA shows significant advantages in trajectory length and travel time. Specifically, the trajectory length of the traditional DWA robot is 19.4 m, with a required time of 34.8 s, while the trajectory length of the improved DWA robot is shortened to 18.7 m, and the time is reduced to 18.6 s. This result fully demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved DWA in optimizing pedestrian flow control. The improved DWA proposed in this study not only has strong scientific validity but also demonstrates high efficiency in practical applications. This study has important reference value for improving the safety of urban public spaces and improving pedestrian traffic flow conditions, and provides new ideas for the further development of pedestrian flow control technology in the future.

Research on the Urban Renewal Planning from the Perspective of Suturing: A Case Study of the Ancient City Suturing Plan in Luoyang, Henan Province

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, historical and cultural districts in ancient cities have experienced rapid development under the promotion of various policies, gradually forming a homogenized development model for ancient cities. The rapid development has brought about environmental pollution and distortion in the protection of ancient city culture, making the contradiction between ancient city protection and renewal planning increasingly prominent. This study extends the theory and techniques of spatial suturing to the macro scale of historical districts in ancient cities, exploring the suturing effects and practical applications of ancient city design planning at the level of street and alley spaces and historical contexts. It aims to promote the sustainable development of historical and cultural ancient cities, and achieve the coordinated development of cultural heritage protection and socio-economic progress.

Sustainable Development of Urban Rail Transit Resources Development

Urban rail transit system is characterized by high efficiency, good quality, safety and convenience. In the current process of socio-economic development, urban rail transit has become an important component of urban transportation. The acceleration of urbanization in China has promoted the improvement of current urban rail transit technology, and provided high-quality services to alleviate current urban traffic congestion. In the development process of urban rail transit, it presents characteristics such as high operating costs and high investment. It is necessary to choose a reasonable market-oriented development model based on the actual situation to improve the overall economic and social benefits of urban rail transit.

Studies on the Specificity of Outdoor Thermal Comfort during the Warm Season in High-Density Urban Areas

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, high density has become a significant feature of urban development. Although high-density development provides convenience, it also results in numerous environmental and climatic problems, such as the urban heat island effect, haze and extreme weather. These issues have reduced the comfort levels of the urban outdoor environment, led to increased energy consumption and had serious impacts on social development and the lives of residents. Improving the comfort of the outdoor urban environment is vital, especially in the current tendency for high-density urban developments. This paper focuses on a typical urban district in Shanghai, where we have gathered ambient meteorological data and human thermal sensation votes during spring and summer through monitoring and questionnaire research. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between thermal sensation votes and comfort indexes (PET, UTCI). The findings indicated that the neutral PET during spring and summer was 22.30 °C and 24.55 °C, respectively, whilst the neutral UTCI was 18.75 °C and 26 °C, respectively, with the neutral temperature in summer being significantly higher than that in spring. Upon comparing the evaluation indices, it was found that the correlation between the UTCI and average thermal sensation votes was stronger; thus, the UTCI better represents people’s thermal sensation in the Shanghai area. Finally, regression analysis demonstrated that the acceptable PET range for 90% of cases during both seasons in Shanghai is between 25.0 °C and 32.1 °C, and the UTCI range is between 24.2 °C and 27.7 °C. This study presents theoretical criteria for evaluating environmental thermal comfort, laying the foundation for practical paths to optimize urban design for climate responsiveness in high-density urban areas.

Calculating optimal scale of urban green space in Xi'an, China

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, urban problems have become increasingly serious, and have led to the concept of the Park City. This concept involves a consideration of the comprehensive value of green space in order to give full play to the maximum benefit of that green space and, thus, realize the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, an exploration of the optimal scale of urban green space will have theoretical and practical significance for the construction of the Park City and the rational allocation of urban land resources. Taking Xi'an as an example, the present paper comprehensively considers the socioeconomic and ecological benefits of urban green space, and calculates its optimal scale. The results indicate that: (i) in terms of the socioeconomic benefits alone, the per capita amount of green area in Xi’an needs to be larger than 11.08 m2, and there is no theoretical optimal size; (ii) in terms of ecological benefits alone, the per capita amount of green area in Xi’an needs to be greater than 22.98 m2; (iii) in terms of the combined socioeconomic and ecological benefits, the per capita amount of green area of Xi’an needs to be greater than 24.89 m2; (iv) the optimal scale for any city is more siginficantly impacted by the ecological effects than by the socioeconomic effects; (v) to satisfy the development and construction needs of various cities, with their individual characteristics, the optimal urban green space scale should be explored according to the target city’s developmental stage and land use situation. The methods and results of the present study are intended to provide a reference for the future construction of Park Cities in China, as well as the planning of green space systems in other cities globally, and to open new prospects for future research.

Application of BIM Technology in New Assembly Type Green Building

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, ecological construction has become an increasing concern. In order to achieve sustainable development, we must establish green buildings, which requires green buildings to continuously innovate and optimize technologies and techniques, and consciously adopt new technologies and means, so that they can better adapt to the development of today's society. In addition, BIM technology is an emerging technology that has been widely used in various fields such as engineering project design, construction progress, construction building and operation management. Therefore, the application of BIM technology in the new green assembly building is discussed, which is an important reference value for the construction and building of modern building projects.

Evaluation of Urban Thermal Comfort and Its Relationship with Land Use/Land Cover Change: A Case Study of Three Urban Agglomerations, China

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the urban surface thermal environment has undergone significant changes. This work aims to calculate the urban thermal comfort index using a temperature and humidity model with the land surface temperature and relative humidity. It also aims to explain the association between the land use/land cover change (LUCC) and urban surface thermal environment of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) Region, the Guangdong–Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) and the Yangtze River Delta (YZD) in 2020, 2015, 2010 and 2005 using geographically weighted regression. The results reveal that (1) the three urban agglomerations have substantial heat island intensity regions, which are clustered and zonally distributed, and the annual average rates of the heat island area growth in the three regions are 1.01%, 1.41% and 1.09%, respectively. (2) Many uncomfortable areas exist in the three urban agglomerations, with an exponential growth trend in summer, and the annual average proportion of the uncomfortable areas in the three regions are 60.8%, 56.8% and 49.4%, respectively. (3) From the spatial point of view, the high-thermal comfort index areas of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao expand to the coast, and the high-index areas of the Yangtze River Delta expand to the inland. In terms of time, the annual distribution of thermal comfort in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei is discrete, but the annual distribution of thermal comfort in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and the Yangtze River Delta is concentrated. (4) In LUCC, the change intensity in construction land has a remarkable effect on the change in thermal comfort. The areas where the thermal comfort index increases positively correlate with the areas where the construction land increases. This study enriches the research on the impact of LUCC on urban ecological performance, and thus provides the necessary scientific basis for urban environment construction.

Spatial impact of urban expansion on lake surface water temperature based on the perspective of watershed scale

As an important ecological environmental factor, the lake water surface temperature (LSWT) has an important impact on the ecological diversity of lakes and watersheds. With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the impact of urban expansion on LSWT can not be ignored. In this study, we introduced the spatial influence(G) equation, selected MOD11A2, impervious surface (IS), digital elevation model (DEM) and Landsat series remote sensing images as data sources, and took six lakes with rapid urban expansion in China as the empirical research object to explore the variation characteristics of urban expansion and LSWT in six lake watersheds and the spatial influence of urban expansion on LSWT. Finally, the following conclusions can be drawn: The results show that 1) The IS in the six watersheds all experienced significant expansion, with an increase of 1.80–3.91 times. 2) From the annual average LSWT from 2001 to 2018, only Poyang Lake’s LSWT-night shows a cooling trend, while other lakes, whether LSWT-day or LSWT-night, show a warming trend. 3) G is used to comprehensively consider the area change of IS in the watershed, the influence of distance and the change of lake area, which can quantify the impact of IS on LSWT, so as to further explain and describe the spatial influence process and characteristics of IS expansion on LSWT.

Research on The Development Mechanism of Prefabricated Building Industry Chain

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the shortcomings of traditional construction methods are becoming more and more obvious. Under the situation of increasingly tight natural resources, low-cost, low-pollution prefabricated buildings are more in line with the concept of sustainable development in my country. As a product of aggregation, the industrial chain can provide convenience for the development of prefabricated buildings, but the current research on the industrial chain of prefabricated buildings lacks the perspective of sustainable construction. This paper analyzes the research of domestic and foreign scholars by combining the prefabricated building with the industrial chain, and studies the governance mechanism of the prefabricated building industry chain from the perspective of sustainable development. Promote the healthy development of the prefabricated construction industry chain and drive the development of the national economy.

A Longitudinal Investigation of the Causal Relationship Between Wellbeing and Perceived Discrimination Among Migrant Children in China: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and the Moderating Role of School Type.

BackgroundA large rural labor force has been attracted to urban areas with the acceleration of urbanization in China. This significant change in environment for migrant children from rural to urban may lead to psychological problems, such as decreased subjective wellbeing (WB) and increased perceived discrimination (PD). However, previous studies have focused on the influence of PD on WB by using a cross-sectional design, ignoring the causality and intrinsic mechanisms between WB and PD. The current study investigates the causal association and internal relations between migrant children’s PD and WB.MethodsA total of 466 (222 females, 47.64%) migrant children (Mage = 11.78, SD = 1.80) were recruited from Beijing in China. The participants filled in the questionnaire twice, with an interval of 1 year, including a basic information questionnaire, wellbeing index scale, perceived discrimination questionnaire, and self-esteem scale.ResultsOverall, cross-lagged regression analysis revealed that WB (T1) had a predictive effect on PD (T2) but that PD (T1) had no predictive effect on WB (T2). Mediation results indicated that self-esteem (SE) (T1) mediated the relation between WB (T1) and PD (T2). Moderated mediation results further proved that the link between WB (T1) on SE (T1) and the indirect effect between WB (T1) and PD (T2) were more robust for migrant children who attended public school than those in the migrant children’s school.ConclusionThese findings implied that a decrease in WB may increase the perception of subjective discrimination and that SE could be an intrinsic factor between migrant children’s WB and PD, especially in public schools. Therefore, educators and parents should also pay attention to mental health problems to improve the wellbeing and self-esteem of migrant children.

The GHG mitigation opportunity of sludge management in China

Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in wastewater treatment sector is indispensable in China's carbon neutral target. As an important component of wastewater system, sludge generation is rapidly increased with the acceleration of urbanization in China. It is crucial to investigate the carbon footprint of various sludge management strategies and quantify the potential optimization of GHG reduction effect at national scale. Therefore, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of sludge distribution and GHG profiles of various sludge systems. The overall dry sludge generation in China is 12.15 Mt, with spatial resolution at city level. Different sludge treatment options were categorized into four types: energy recovery, nutrient recovery (e.g. phosphorus and nitrogen), material valorisation (e.g. brick, biochar) and conventional disposal. With various sludge treatment options, the GHG profile of annual sludge management in China ranges from −35.86 Mt/year to 57.11 Mt/year. The best GHG mitigation can be achieved through energy recovery by co-incineration system and the greatest reduction opportunity is concentrated in highly urbanized regions, such as Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations.

Quantifying embodied cultivated land-use change and its socioeconomic driving forces in China

In recent decades, with the growth of population and the acceleration of urbanization in China, cultivated land resources have become increasingly scarce, and cultivated land embodied in trade has become more and more important to areas with insufficient arable land. The measurement of embodied cultivated land is critical to explore the land use profile and understand the social and environmental issues related to land. However, few studies have explored the embodied cultivated land change and its socio-economic driving forces. Therefore, this study tracks the cultivated land embodied in products and serves traded between 30 provinces and 8 regions in China, adopting a multi-regional input-output model. We also identify the determinants of the changes in embodied cultivated land use through the structural decomposition analysis (SDA). Here we found that more than 80% of total cultivated land consumption in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Beijing is satisfied by other provinces, indicating that the more economically developed a province is, the less self-sufficient it will be with respect to the land required to support its consumption. The average proportion of embodied cultivated land among Chinese provinces is shown to have decreased from 41.39% in 2007 to 35.35% in 2012, indicating that dependence on cultivated land among Chinese provinces increased over this period. The results also highlight the fact that the most affluent regions in China, including the South Coast, Central Coast, and Beijing–Tianjin, have the highest imports of cultivated land embodied in products from the underdeveloped central and western regions. Further, our SDA results reveal that in most provinces, changes in embodied cultivated land can be attributed to the factors of cultivated land-use intensity and consumption volume. This paper helps determine where the responsibility for land consumption lies and provides data support for the construction of a land governance system, which helps to achieve environmental equity in the context of regional trade.

Analysis on Green Building Design in China

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, urban development is facing a huge ecological environment crisis, so it is urgent to promote the construction of green buildings. This paper first introduces the concept and standard of green building, then summarizes the main characteristics of green building, and finally puts forward the main points of green building design, hoping to provide a useful reference for the future green building design in China.

Research on the Settlement Regulation and Stability of Large Building Foundation over Gobs: A Case Study in the Xiangcheng Coal Mine, China

Due to the acceleration of urbanization in China, the land use and new building construction in mining subsidence areas are increasing. However, a large high-rise building (100 m × 80 m × 100 m) was planned to be built above gob areas in the Xiangcheng Mine subsidence area. According to the analysis of the borehole exploration data, borehole TV observations, and theoretical calculations, there were broken bedrock and developmental fractures in the fracture and caved zones above the gob areas. In addition, the depth affected by the building load is less than 9 m from the top of the fracture zone; thus, the stabilities of the gobs are low. Then, through the theoretical analysis of the space stress, compression settlement of foundation soil, and residual settlement of the gob and coal pillar under loads, combining the similar simulation study on settlement characteristics of foundation soil and gobs, the total settlement of the foundation can be regarded as the vector superposition of the compression settlement and residual settlement; then, the maximum settlement is calculated as 555 mm and the maximum tilt is 14.9 mm/m under the building load, which are greater than the permissible values of 200 mm and 2 mm/m, indicating that the foundation’s stability is inadequate. Therefore, the treatment measures of the deep pile group foundations in the soil layer and grouting reinforcement in the gobs were simultaneously put forward to effectively improve the stability of the building foundations.

Study on Blasting Construction Technology of Tunnel Engineering in Soil-rock Interlaced Strata at Soft and Hard Rock Boundary

With the development of transportation construction and the acceleration of urbanization in China, the construction of urban highway tunnel engineering has also entered a new climax. In order to overcome obstacles in terrain and elevation such as railway construction, blasting technology for railway tunnel construction is widely used. However, due to the unhealthy and complex geological conditions of railway tunnels, and the unreasonable application of blasting technology, blasting safety accidents occur. Blasting technology in railway tunnel construction, but blasting construction is easily interfered by various external interference factors. In the tunnel face blasting construction under the condition of soil-rock crisscross composite stratum, not only the physical and mechanical properties of the lower surrounding rock should be considered, but also the engineering characteristics of the upper surrounding rock or surface rock mass have great influence on the construction blasting. Taking the actual project as an example, this paper expounds the tunnel engineering and geological conditions, and studies the blasting construction technology of the tunnel engineering in the soft and hard rock boundary soil-rock crisscross strata to ensure the safety of blasting construction.

The impact of urban green and intelligent logistics on urban environmental protection

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the problem of urban pollution has become more and more serious, which has brought great negative impact on people’s life. The construction of urban intelligent logistics system, planning and guiding the green development of the city, at the same time, it also plays a certain role in promoting the environmental protection of the city. In this paper, based on factors other than green and green city green wisdom logistics countermeasure analysis, put forward the comprehensive evaluation index system of green wisdom logistics, combined with urban environmental protection, put forward the application of fuzzy analysis method to evaluate urban environmental protection green wisdom logistics, and put forward the comprehensive evaluation index system of urban green wisdom logistics contributes to promoting the development of green and urban environmental protection.

Optimized Partition Scheme for Prefabricated Underpass with Large Cross Section

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, more underpasses will be constructed in big cities to alleviate the great traffic pressure. The prefabricated and assembly construction method has been introduced to replace the traditional cast-in-place method to achieve quick construction. However, for a fully prefabricated and assembled underground structure (PAUS) with large cross section, the structure must be cut into segments in transverse direction to reduce the size and weight for easy transportation and assembly. Therefore, how to develop an optimal partition scheme is a new problem to be studied. Firstly, three preliminary partition schemes were proposed based on the internal force distribution and completed engineering practices. Then, the three schemes were compared in terms of bending moment, shear force, and axial force. The construction efficiencies were also compared with special emphasis on difference of the build period. Finally, an optimal partition scheme was determined and successfully applied in the real project. Furthermore, the construction period of this partition scheme was 1/3 of the traditional cast-in-place method. The results of the current paper can provide some design guidance to large cross-sectional underpasses and other underground structures in the partition stage.

Research on Impact Mechanism of Demand Side of Urban Residents’ Electricity Consumption: Analysis Based on Microscopic Survey Data

With the further acceleration of urbanization in China, the proportions of both urban residents’ energy consumption and energy-consuming terminal electricity are showing an increasing trend at the same time. In view of the dynamic and time-varying complex system characteristics of power system, it is of great significance to study the impact mechanism of urbanization residents’ electricity consumption on the realization of demand-side management (DSM) and environmental protection. Based on the one-year follow-up survey data obtained from household meter reading, this paper studies the impact mechanism of urban residents’ electricity consumption in different seasons (summer, winter, and the whole year) and terminals (with and without air-conditioning and full samples) by descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression model. The results show that, on the whole, electricity is a necessity for urban households and does not change significantly with changes in income. At the turn of summer and autumn and the turn of winter and spring, high-income families tend to use higher levels of energy in pursuit of comfort, while low- and middle-income families do not have luxury consumption. In different seasons, the influence mechanism of household electricity consumption at different terminals is different.

Cleaner agricultural production in drinking-water source areas for the control of non-point source pollution in China

With continuous population growth and acceleration of urbanization in China, environmental problems in drinking-water source areas have become increasingly prominent. In some places, domestic wastewater and aquaculture sewage are directly discharged into water bodies without any treatment. Also, large amounts of domestic garbage and aquaculture waste are often randomly stacked, seriously polluting the surrounding groundwater and surface water and deteriorating the water quality. Notably, some agricultural production activities can also cause non-point source pollution, resulting from eutrophication of water bodies. In some instances, these activities can lead to nitrogen losses of 0.7%–83.9% and phosphorus losses of 0.6%–82.8%. In view of this situation, the implementation of cleaner agricultural production is of great significance for protecting the environment in drinking-water source areas and maintaining drinking-water safety. Specific practicable measures include formula fertilization through soil testing, integrated pest management, and water-saving irrigation technology. For the livestock- and poultry-breeding industry, it is necessary for large-scale farms to construct excreta discharge treatment facilities, carry out harmless treatment and resource utilization of organic wastes, establish rural biogas septic tanks, and make use of domestic-sewage and livestock-breeding wastewaters. Also, fixed garbage-dumping sites should be built in rural water-source areas, and a unified garbage-disposal station set up to reduce the pollution discharge of domestic garbage. Moreover, it is crucial to strictly control the development and utilization of hillsides in the middle and upper reaches of the drinking-water source area, as well as strengthen the restoration of vegetation and the construction of soil and water conservation forests in these areas.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Mechanism of Coastal Economic Zone Based on Accessibility

Zhan, L., 2020. Spatial pattern evolution and mechanism of coastal economic zone based on accessibility. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 521–525. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the globalization of the world economy and the acceleration of urbanization in China, the spatial pattern of provinces and cities is changing with each passing day. This essay analyzes the evolution of spatial pattern based on accessibility in J province, an economically developed city in the Yangtze river delta economic belt of China, firstly establishes a measure model of urban accessibility, and then evaluates the spatial relative pattern characteristics of this province. After the empirical analysis found that the southern province of high-strength contacts significantly more than the northern parts of the city space, high strength and space contact center of gravity to the southeast coastal areas in city. According to the city space contact membership change, we found that J province's southern and northern city development level difference is significant. The research of this paper can provide some guidance for the spatial pattern adjustment of J province, promote the urbanization process of this region, and provide references for regional traffic layout.