Acceleration Of Technological Progress Research Articles

PRINCIPLES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMIC POLICY IN MODERN CONDITIONS: WAYS OF INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS

In the conditions of globalization and acceleration of technological progress, the role of the state in regulating the economy is becoming more and more important. This article is devoted to the study of the principles of economic policy implementation aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The work examines the main approaches to the formation of economic policy, methods and tools for its implementation. Special attention is paid to the influence of external and internal factors on the choice of economic strategy and its adaptation to the rapidly changing conditions of the global economy. The results of the study can be useful for developers of economic policy, scientists and practitioners who deal with issues of economic development of Ukraine.

Research on the Low-Temperature Stability of Anode and Electrolyte of Lithium-ion Battery

With the acceleration of technological progress, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become one of the indispensable forms of energy in modern life and play a crucial role. However, its performance degradation in low-temperature environments remains a key factor restricting its further development. In particular, as the core components of LIBs, the stability of electrodes and electrolytes at low temperatures directly determines the overall performance of the battery. Specifically, the fluidity of the electrolyte is significantly reduced at low temperatures, while lithium-ions at the negative electrode are more easily precipitated, leading to the formation of lithium dendrites, which together affect the safety and life of the battery. This paper systematically analyses the latest advances in structure regulation and design of anode materials and electrolytes through an in-depth study of the low-temperature stability of LIBs. Modification methods for these key materials are described in detail, including strategies for optimising electrolyte additives and their positive effects on enhancing battery performance at low temperatures. In addition, the article discusses potential directions for future research in this area, aiming to provide guidance and reference for improving the performance of LIBs for applications in low-temperature environments.

Current status and prospects of three-dimensional printing application

With the acceleration of technological progress, Three-dimensional (3D) printing has gradually become the core of innovation in several industries. This article will take a comprehensive look at the evolution, applications, and development prospects of 3D printing technology. The article first compares the evolution of 3D printing technology and key categories, such as light curing, fused deposition melding and powder bed fusion. Next, the practical applications and success stories of 3D printing in aerospace, medical, and construction industries are discussed. Then, the advantages and challenges offered by 3D printing technology are analysed, such as the advantages of personalization, reduction of resource waste, and environmental protection, as well as the challenges of production speed, cost, and material constraints. Finally, this paper addresses future trends in 3D printing, discussing aspects such as bioprinting, smart materials, and automated manufacturing. The goal of this review is to provide researchers with the latest insights on 3D printing technologies since the development of additive manufacturing, with the aim of promoting its wide application and continuous innovation in various fields in the future.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION IN ROMANIA - A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

The intensification of business globalisation, the large-scale extension of digitalisation in the business sphere, and the acceleration of technological progress as a result of research-development-innovation, are strongly influencing and impacting on the strategic and competitive objectives of companies, and implicitly on business models, leading to a redesign of management strategy towards the market, and towards traditional business models that are progressively replaced by other business models, in a new optic based on maximising competitive advantages. The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the impact that the digitisation process is having on business and implicitly on the accounting profession from the perspective of accounting professionals. The methodology of the study was based on the use of a quantitative research using a questionnaire as a research tool, in order to collect the data necessary to achieve the purpose and which was addressed to accounting professionals in Romania, namely in the north-east of the country. The results of the research highlighted the primary role of accounting professionals in the context of paradigm shifts from traditional to digitized accounting, to ensure a high level of service to management, with notable effects on business sustainability. The study is highly useful for the state and regulatory bodies that can adapt their future policies and strategies in the field of accounting and taxation, the academic world that must urgently adapt its university curriculum to the new realities imposed by the expansion of the phenomenon of digitization in accounting practices, as well as the management of entities that must identify the real opportunities of the use of digitization in the entity with medium and long-term effects on the creation of added value for it.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines transformational trends characteristic of the current stage of development of subjects of the transport and logistics sector, in particular enterprises of the railway transport. It is established that digital innovations are now considered as a key factor for successful adaptation of entities to new business conditions, the introduction of which in the activities of enterprises contributes to the optimization of processes, sustainable development of business entities and the establishment of their effective communication with stakeholders. It is emphasized that the acceleration of technological progress and the reduction of the innovation life cycle requires increasing the pace and, accordingly, the cost of research activities, which in the conditions of limited own resources of the enterprise creates the need to find new approaches to the organization of innovation activities and involve other economic entities in the innovation process. The article analyzes the current state and trends in the development of railway transport enterprises, the peculiarities of the impact of digitalization on changing the principles of their management and transforming the innovative environment of railway industry enterprises. It is established that against the background of the development of the digital economy, drastic changes are also taking place in the innovative environment of railway transport enterprises, associated with the large-scale penetration of digital technologies into their activities, the deepening of Global Innovation Partnership and cooperation based on the development of digital ecosystems, the strengthening of cross-functionality and convergence of elements of the innovation system, the transition from mass standardized production to the development of customized products and services. The features of the formation of open and closed innovation systems according to such criteria as the type of innovation environment, features of interaction of subjects of innovation activity, the duration of the innovation cycle, the type of innovation and the role of the consumer in the innovation process are studied. Attention is focused on the expediency of forming open innovative systems at railway transport enterprises, which are characterized by the use of not only their own, but also external ideas, technologies, ways to enter the market, etc.

Technological Progress Opportunities in the Energy Sector of Russia

Based on the scenarios [1] for the transition of world energy in the period up to 2040 to a new technological base, a study was made of its implications for energy and the economy of Russia. The damage from the declining export of Russian fuel due to the acceleration of technological progress (TP) in the global energy sector, as well as possible direct and multiplicative effects of its achievements in the energy sector of Russia1 are estimated. It is shown that with accelerated TP and the dynamics of domestic energy consumption obtained in the conservative scenario, it is possible to almost double the growth rate of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). The required financial and economic conditions and measures for restructuring the fuel and energy complex2 are determined, so that the acceleration of TP in the energy sector could not only compensate for the expected decline in revenue from fuel exports, but almost double the growth rate of Russian GDP.

Factors of Technological Modernization in Russia and Typical Mistakes of Institutional Reforms

The paradox of innovative insensitivity (insensitivity) of the Russian manufacturing sector is considered in the article. It consists in the implementation by the authorities of various and large-scale initiatives to accelerate the technological modernization of the Russian economy with extremely low returns from them. To illustrate this paradox, we consider a retrospective of institutional reforms in science, higher education, and the manufacturing sector. For a deeper understanding of failures in the field of acceleration of technological progress, the reform theory and the general theory of social development are combined, which allows us to obtain an adequate analytical apparatus. A typology of mistakes made during the reform of the Russian economy modernization has been developed. This typology includes six types of mistakes: the direction of the reforms (wrong priorities of reform); the instruments of reform (inadequate methods of control); the scale of the reform (too large or too small a program of changes); speed of reform (excessively fast or extremely delayed reform); inconsistency of the reform (radical change of the reform vector); inconsistency of reforms (lack of consistency of reforms in complementary areas: technology, institutions, culture and welfare). All these types of mistakes are illustrated by two real examples, mainly from the field of science and higher education. The possibility of applying typology in the practice of designing and implementing reforms is considered.

Comprehensive Assessment of Russia’s Electric Power Industry’s Technological Transformation

The article discusses the possibilities for and results of structural changes in the electric power industry of Russia, which performs the integrating function for the country’s fuel and energy complex during its transformation in the context of various scenarios supposed for the world’s technological transition to the use of noncarbon energy in the period up to 2040. The optimal lines of technological progress and its acceleration rates in the industry, which ensure full replacement of the existing capacities of gas- and then also coal-fired power plants by new types of equipment, as well as noticeable increase in the share of noncarbon (nuclear and renewable) sources, are investigated. The effect that the choice of a more energy-efficient and diversified structure of generating capacities has on the consumption of energy resources and also on the direct and indirect effects for the national economy of Russia is estimated. For estimating the consequences from structural transformation of the electric power industry, the integral energy and economic characteristics of the conservative and innovative scenarios of its development are calculated. Based on these characteristics, a system of indicators for comprehensively estimating the industry’s development scenarios is proposed that reflect the extent of its technological renovation, energy efficiency, energy balance diversification, price load, and budgetary effectiveness. The results of applying the proposed system of indicators confirmed the advantages of the electric power industry’s innovative-development scenario. The following two strategic objectives can simultaneously be solved within the framework of this scenario in the period up to 2040. First, it will be possible to overcome the long-lasting technological backwardness of the domestic thermal power industry and reach the level of best technologies in gas- and coal-fired power generation. Second, it will be possible to ensure a very rapid growth in the scales of using noncarbon technologies (nuclear and renewable energy), thus setting up a background for achieving a situation in which they would account for up to half the electricity production by the mid 21st century. It is shown that the acceleration of technological progress in the electric power industry will compensate one-third of the losses in Russia’s economy due to decreased export of fuel when a shift is made around the world to noncarbon energy.

APPROACHES TO THE DEPLOYMENT OF SMART ENERGY NETWORKS

The article discusses two fundamentally different approaches to deploying smart, environmentally friendly energy networks. The key aspects of the formation of a market and administrative mechanism for stimulating the development of alternative energy and transformation of the traditional energy model with the systematic application of the principle of distributed energy generation are identified. The European Union's experience in developing an adaptive energy system combining traditional energy technologies and innovative developments aimed at improving the efficiency of energy system operation and integrating disparate energy systems of individual countries belonging to the European Union into a single pan-european energy system was used to achieve the objectives of the study, which entails widespread use of "smart" energy technologies that will allow not only to form an effective model of energy generation, and power consumption, and promote the development of the concept of "smart" cities, ensuring compliance with the necessary conditions for the use of power as a basic element of innovative development of society and the acceleration of technological progress. The article identifies two fundamental approaches to large-scale development of the energy system using smart energy networks: iterative approach and project approach. The iterative approach is to develop the energy system as a whole, with the gradual introduction of energy innovations, which creates corresponding iterations. Accordingly, this approach is characterized by the presence of separate logically ordered stages, where the next stage is possible only after the previous one is completed. The project approach is to implement local high-tech projects with the use of smart grids in a limited area and then integrate disparate projects into a single energy system. Keywords: "smart" grids, energy, energy strategy, distributed power generation.

Software for Automated Production Line of Peat Briquettes

The article examines the software development of peat briquette production. Integrated peat development is one of the important tasks of peat industry. The importance of peat as local raw material increases with the increase in demand for various products. The production efficiency can be improved with new automated peat processing technologies based on advanced engineering. In view of market and technology requirements the peat industry development is hampered by slow development of automated peat processing and utilization technologies. The acceleration of technological progress can be achieved by designing automated lines of advanced peat processing. In accordance with this mission the development of technological process monitoring parameters is of great importance thanks to the possibility of end product physicochemical properties being predicted and managed to make efficient use of peat products for energy needs. The software with an intuitive interface for automated production line of peat briquettes has been developed. This provides means for managing and controlling the peat briquette production process.

Research on Intellectual Property Protection under Network Information Sharing Environment

As a powerful weapon of an acceleration of technological progress and economic development the intellectual property protection system also has an unprecedented attention. The development of digital technology significantly increased possibility of the intellectual property infringement behavior. In this paper, the network sharing of information is bound to increase behaviors network infringement of intellectual property rights, and increase the difficulty of intellectual property protection. Through summarizing the characteristics of network intellectual properties and information network sharing under the network environment, the contradictory and unified relationship between network sharing and intellectual property protection is made in-depth analysis. This paper attempts to think the rationality of the existence of intellectual property rights under the network environment, and research the legitimacy of Internet intellectual property rights and Internet environment protection of intellectual property rights interests balance theory and incentive theory problems.

DEA decomposition of China’s environmental efficiency based on search algorithm

Through a theoretical and empirical analysis, this study focuses on solutions to improve environmental efficiency across China, such as the acceleration of technological progress and establishment of rational environmental policy. After calculating China’s regional environmental efficiency for 1992, 1999, 2007, and 2012, the concept of DEA decomposition is proposed, with a search algorithm applied. The provincial environmental efficiency for three periods is then decomposed from the perspective of government regulation and technological progress. Because the resource endowment or economic level in each region varies, adopting the same technological progress or environmental regulations would generate different effects in different regions. Hence, we adopt the fixed effects model and the variable coefficient model to quantify the distinct effects of environmental regulations and technological progress in each province. The results show that the economies and the environment of certain eastern coastal regions are developing harmoniously and that government regulations are positively stimulating environmental efficiency in relatively developed provinces, while technological progress in those provinces is mostly related to production rather than energy saving or emissions reduction. Therefore, this approach will be an effective way in which to improve environmental efficiency in China by adopting measures that enhance government regulations on environmental issues in midwest provinces in order to push forward the exchange of advanced environmental protection technologies among eastern, central, and western regions.

Geography, biogeography, and why some countries are rich and others are poor.

The most important event in human economic history before the industrial revolution was the Neolithic transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to sedentary agriculture, beginning approximately 10,000 years ago. The transition made possible the human population explosion, the rise of non-food-producing specialists, and the acceleration of technological progress that led eventually to the industrial revolution. But the transition occurred at different times in different regions of the world, with big consequences for the present-day economic conditions of populations indigenous to each region. In this article, we show that differences in biogeographic initial conditions and in geography largely account for the different timings of the Neolithic transition and, thereby, ultimately help account for the 100-fold differences among the prosperity of nations today. The effects of biogeography and geography on the wealth of nations are partly mediated by the quality of present-day institutions but also are partly independent of institutional quality.

John von Neumann on Technological Prospects and Global Limits

The slow recognition (and, albeit in a field known for its oscillations of opinion, current dominance) of the view that natural resources are not a binding constraint on human development often leads the unwary to the inference that there are no other constraints. It is as if once humanity is well fed and supplied with abundant raw materials, nothing can preclude an economic nirvana. In an insightful paper written in 1955 about technological prospects in the next 25 years, a period now safely behind us, John von Neumann drew a more modulated picture. The paper, which appeared under the title Can We Survive Technology? in the June 1955 issue of Fortune magazine, is reproduced here in full with the permission of TimelLife Inc. It also appears in Vol. VI of von Neumann's Collected Works published by Pergamon Press in 1963 and distributed by Macmillan. The Hungarian-born von Neumann, 1903-57, was one of the century's great mathematicians. He also played an important role in the Manhattan Project and in subsequent programs of weapons development; was a major figure in the development of the electronic computer; and made seminal contributions to the social sciences, most notably through his 1944 book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, coauthored with Oscar Morgenstern. Although long associated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, when this article was written he was serving in the full-time post of Member of the US Atomic Energy Commission. As is clear from the propositions setforth in the paper, von Neumann was an unabashed technological optimist. He foresaw free energy, the transmutation of elements, and control of the climate-futures that seem rather more distant today than they did 30 years ago. His forecasts on other matters, such as industrial automation, proved more prescient. But the most notable aspect of von Neumann's analysis is the identification of an absolute limiting factorspace-thatframes the accelerating technological change of industrial societies, in eftect negating the presumed beneficence of technology. Due to the finiteness of the globe and the size of existing political units, von Neumann argues, further acceleration of technological progress can no longer be absorbed, as it was in the past, by an extension of the area of operations; hence it becomes a source of instability and deepening crisis.

The Unity and Diversity of the World and the Differentiation and Integration of Knowledge: (Results of the Third Nationwide Conference on Philosophical Problems of Contemporary Science)

The development of science and the acceleration of technological progress are given central attention by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The party contends that the building of a new society without science is simply inconceivable; and in this connection, as was emphasized in the main report at the conference, presented by P. N. Fedoseev, Vice President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, special attention is being devoted to the development of the basic sciences, which play an important role in the shaping of our view of the world, in the philosophical interpretation of the world and of the place of human beings in it. (1)

Government programs and the growth of high-technology industries

The research reported in this article was carried out as part of a larger prefect investigating the impact of the US Space Program on the American economy. The author describes the influence of governmental programs in space and defense on the growth of the computer and semiconductor industries. Three types of economic impacts are analyzed: the role of the federal government in financing research and development; the importance of the government as a market, particularly in the early stages of an industry's growth; and the extent to which government policy encouraged the entrance of new firms and permitted the survival of companies that might otherwise have failed. The paper also deals with the contribution of Defense and NASA to the acceleration of technological changes and the development of specialized manpower on which the progress of the industry largely depended. The author concludes that large government programs can play an essential role in the growth of high technology industries. The significance of space-defense programs for US semiconductor and computer firms can only be perceived by reviewing each type of impact-economic, technological and manpower. The government's early R & D support, assured demand during startup periods, encouragement of competition, acceleration of technological progress and its facilitating of professional mobility, are the separate impacts which together greatly aided US firms in their rise to a dominant position in the world semiconductor and computer industries.

Tomorrow's engineer — In use

CERTAIN TRENDS have been developing during recent years that promise greatly improved economic and professional status for the engineer of tomorrow. While the trends in question are natural, thus inevitable, they have been markedly hastened by two sets of circumstances: the tremendous acceleration of technological progress during World War II, and the shortage of trained engineers that has existed during the past decade and threatens to continue through most of the next.