Acalypha Indica Research Articles

GC-MS, Phytochemical Analysis and In Silico Approaches of a Medicinal Plant Acalypha indica

The goal of this study is to look into the preliminary phytochemical and GC-MS analyses of a methanol extract of the leaves of Acalypha indica. Alkaloids, tannins, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolic substances are found in leaf extract after phytochemical analysis. A. indica is a plant that grows in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It has medicinal characteristics and is used as a diuretic, anthelmintic, and respiratory disorders like bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia. The present work is designed to investigate GC-MS. Thirty compounds are found in the leaf extract. The structure-based biological activities study supported the Pass online database findings from the current study support that the use of this plant compound responsible for the anticancer activity is based on structure-based drug development. Based on in-silico results, it was shown that the interactions of hydrogen bonds, binding affinity with JAK2 kinase inhibitors, tumor suppressor proteins pRB Retinoblastoma protein, and COX-2 target proteins were compared with known values. It can be considered an increase in the possibility of conniving potential anticancer drugs as an anti-inflammatory agent.

EFFECT OF EXTRACT ACALYPHA INDICA L. ON LIPID PROFILE AND CARDIAC TROPONIN-T OF RATS FED WITH HIGH FRUCTOSE AND CHOLESTEROL DIET

Consumption of high-fructose and high-fat foods has increased dramatically in the last decade has been developing metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate how Acalypha indica L. impacts cardiac damage and hyperlipidemia, leading to metabolic syndrome through a high-fructose-cholesterol diet (HFCD) in rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with HFCD for 12 weeks. These rats were randomly classified into four treatment groups: HFCD, 31 mg/kg BW/day of gemfibrozil, 400 mg/kg BW/day of Acalypha indica, and 400 mg/kg BW/day of Acalypha indica combined with 31 mg/kg BW/day of gemfibrozil. They were then treated according to their respective groups for eight weeks. Cardiac damage parameters used in this study were troponin and lipid profile. After eight weeks of treatment, there were significant reductions in lipid profile (p<0.001), the most significant in the Acalypha indica + gemfibrozil group, with triglyceride levels decreasing as much as 63.57%, low-density lipoprotein 55.33%, total cholesterol 51.59%, troponin 73.17%, and high-density lipoprotein level increased by 80.55% compared to the group without therapy. Therefore, it was concluded that HFCD could increase the risk of cardiac damage through rising lipid profile and troponin-T levels. Administration of Acalypha indica as an adjuvant to gemfibrozil was proven to give the highest protection to the heart.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Five Traditionally Valuable Herbal Plants: A Review

Herbal plants are used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of various diseases. The present review summarizes information about the phytochemistry, biological properties, traditional and medicinal uses of five herbal plants: Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian Borage), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) and Acalypha indica (Indian Acalypha). The therapeutic uses of plants are considered inexpensive and efficient due to their ease of availability and wide range of biological activities. These herbs are used in medicine for the treatment of various disorders such as asthma, flu, eczema and cardiovascular disorders. They possess medicinal properties and are pharmacologically beneficial through their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, analgesic, antimalarial, antibiofilm, antidiuretic, wound healing activity, skincare, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activities. This is due to the presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, tannins and steroids which have been identified through various spectroscopic methods. The different parts of these herbs have been used to prepare medicines. Due to the presence of various important phytochemicals, they are used in food, nutrition and medicine without side effects. These further find applications in drug discovery, novel drug development, nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES, TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF SIX MEDICINAL PLANTS

The medicinal plants, Aloe vera (Kattarvazha), Ocimum tenuiflourm (Tulsi), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), Piper betel (Betel leaf), Acalypha indica (Kuppaimeni) were selected for management of stored grain pest management. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of these six medicinal plant extracts were evaluated by using DPPH free radical, Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride method, respectively. The total Phenolic content of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and ranged from 127.0 mg/g to 339.6 mg/g on fresh leaves basis. The total flavanoid content of extracts were determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and the values ranged from 0.16 mg/g to 4.00 mg/g of fresh weight. The results showed that the betel leaf extracts in acetone have highest (80.35%) DPPH Scavenging activity. The use of these plant extracts for the pest management in storage facilities may provide additional medicinal values to stored food commodities.

Pharmacological screening of Acalypha indica L.: Possible role in the treatment of asthma

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAcalypha indica Linn (Euphorbiaceae), a popular traditional medicine, is an erect herb found throughout various parts of India. In Ayurveda, Acalypha indica was commonly used in asthma and allergy. However, no attempts were made in past to validate the antiasthmatic potential of Acalypha indica.Aim of the study: The present study was aimed to assess the anti-asthmatic potential of ethanolic extracts of Acalypha indica leaves (EAIL) using various experimental animal models. Materials and methodsEAIL was analyzed using different screening methods such as acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of goat tracheal chain, clonidine-induced catalepsy in mice, milk-induced leucocytosis and eosinophilia in mice, clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation in rats, passive paw anaphylaxis in rats, histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced histopathological alterations in mice. ResultsData received in the present study showed that EAIL drastically antagonized acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of goat tracheal chain, suggesting its anticholinergic and antihistaminic activity respectively. The duration of immobility, produced by clonidine, was found to be decreased in mice which showed its H1 receptor blocking activity. In milk-induced leucocytosis and eosinophilia in mice, EAIL significantly reduced the number of leucocytes and eosinophils suggesting its adaptogenic and anti-allergic potential. Inhibition of clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation in rats displayed its mast cell stabilizing potential. Reduction of paw edema in passive paw anaphylaxis exhibited antianaphylactic activity of EAIL. Guinea pigs were protected from histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by EAIL which revealed its bronchodilator potential. Furthermore, the histopathological architecture of lung tissue was near to normal. ConclusionOur results contribute towards validation of the traditional use of Acalypha indica in the treatment of asthma due to the presence of a wide range of phytoconstituents. Hence our investigation revealed that EAIL possessed strong antiasthmatic property by virtue of various mechanisms.

Pollen morphology and its implication in the taxonomy of some selected taxa of the bi and tri-ovulate Euphorbiaceae of the Hainan Island by using multiple microscopic techniques.

The family Euphorbiaceae is one of the most taxonomically complex and diverse family among the angiosperm. Therefore, this study aims to document the pollen morphology of the Euphorbiaceae taxa collected from different geographical regions of the Hainan Island South China, to strengthen the taxonomy and support the subfamilial classification. The Euphorbiaceae includes 23 species and 10 genera of the bi-ovulate subfamily Phyllanthoideae and tri-ovulate Crotonoideae, Euphorbioideae, and Acalyphoideae were examined under light and scanning electron microscopy. The principal component analysis was performed by using six variables to show variation and relationships between the species. A significant variation was found in the pollen morphology (exine and colpus sculpturing). The croton-type pattern of the pollen was found the diagnostic trait of the Crotonoideae. The Euhphorboideae taxa were mostly homogenous however, variation was found in the muri pattern. The Acalyphoideae, have fossulate scabrate and verrucate exine sculpturing that can delimit from the rest of sub-families. The Phyllanthoideae, showed reticulate exine, tri to tetra-colporate having various colpus morphology. The maximum pollen size was found in Croton hirtus (59.49 × 60.86 μm) and minimum in Acalypha indica (10.86 × 73 μm). Similarly, the maximum colpus width was observed in Euphorbia pulcherrima (8.3μm). Hence pollen traits have relevance in the taxonomy and phylogenetic of the family to define species boundaries at various taxonomic levels. This study can support and strengthen the taxonomy of subfamilies and fill the palynological gap of these taxa in Hainan Island and will contribute to future systematic studies of the Euphorbiaceae.

MOLECULAR DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMIC STUDIES: SCREENING PHYTOCHEMICALS OF Acalypha indica AGAINST BRAF KINASE RECEPTORS FOR POTENTIAL USE IN MELANOCYTIC TUMOURS

Melanocytic tumors are a type of cancer that is most commonly found on the skin. The melanoma prevalence rate has risen dramatically over the last 50 years. As a result, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is critical. The BRAF kinase is one of the receptors involved in cell apoptosis. Dabrafenib is a selective BRAF inhibitor with common side effects such as rash, photosensitivity, and hyperkeratosis. Meanwhile, Acalypha indica is a plant that has been widely reported as a source of antiproliferative and proapoptotic compounds. However, the phytochemicals in A. indica that play an important role in melanocytic tumors have yet to be discovered. Molecular docking is a structure-based drug design method that is used to identify potential hits during the drug discovery process. The aims of this study are to obtain candidate lead compounds for BRAF kinase based on binding mode interaction and binding stability by using AutoDock 4.2 and GROMACS 2019.6, respectively, for molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD). The native ligand, SM5, has estimated free energy of binding and an inhibitory constant of -5.93 kcal/mol and 45.30 µM, respectively. 2-Methyl anthraquinone, chrysin, stigmasterol, and γ-sitosterol have higher binding energy, with an estimated free energy of binding of -6.24, -6.67, -6.35, and -6.14 kcal/mol, respectively. According to the MD simulation, stigmasterol and γ-sitosterol will be more effective at stabilizing the 6XFP complex during 100 ns. Finally, stigmasterol and γ-sitosterol are potential lead compounds as BRAF inhibitors.

Identification and Documentation of Ethno-veterinary Remedies Used by Afar Pastoralists for the Treatment of Camel Diseases in Ethiopia

Background: Ethnoveterinary medicine is a scientific term for traditional animal health care that encompasses knowledge, belief, practice and skill of the community used for curing diseases and maintaining health of animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires from September 2016 to August 2017 to gather information on the knowledge, practice and skill of the pastoralists and traditional healers about the importance and application of Ethno-veterinary medicine. Moreover, this study was conducted with the objectives of identification and documentation of major ethno-veterinary medicinal plants commonly used to treat camel aliments in Afar region. Result: A total of 146 traditional healers and pastoralists were interviewed for baseline and reliable information about Ethno-veterinary medicinal practice in Afar region. Accordingly, 99.3% of the respondents were men in which 66.44% of them were in the age range of 45-60. Majorities (76.02%) of the information’s concerning EVM were obtained from the elders among which 84.93% responded that the overall EVM practice and status in pastoral society of Afar is decreasing. A total of 710 plant species supposed to have medicinal property were recommended by pastoralists to be used for the treatment of 49 different animal diseases. Among 64 plants specimen collected, Balanites aegyptia, Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl, Cadaba rotundifolia Forssk, Solanum sp, Acalypha indica L and Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karsts were the commonly used plant species with high fidelity value. Concerned with plant parts used, leaf (20.5%) was the most frequently used plant parts followed by root (19.4%), fruit (14.4%), seed (10.8%) and entire plant (8.8%). These herbal remedies were administered orally, nasally, ocular and topically. Conclusion: pastoralists and traditional healers in Afar region have immense indigenous knowledge and practices of treating sick animals which should be supported by scientific techniques for analyzing the active ingredients contained in each plant species and for evaluating the safety, efficacy and dosage of the commonly used medicinal plants. In addition, on station establishment of commonly used medicinal plant nursery for conservation purpose and to conduct in-depth phytochemical analysis is paramount important.

The effect of simvastatin-Acalypha indica Linn. combination on the improvement of fatty pancreas in rats induced with a high fructose and cholesterol diet.

Objective:The study aimed to determine the effect of Acalypha indica Linn. (AI) root extract and a combination of simvastatin–AI on improving the fatty pancreas in Sprague–Dawley rats induced with a high fructose and cholesterol diet.Materials and Methods:Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were induced with a high fructose and cholesterol diet for 4 weeks before being divided into four groups. Each group receiving treatments consisting of simvastatin only, A. indica extracts only, or simvastatin–A. indica extract combination. A histological examination was conducted to determine the effect of each treatment. Also, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Bonferroni test were conducted to assess the comparison of groups from the histological examination.Results:Significant improvement was found in fatty pancreas between rats without therapy and rats treated with simvastatin therapy (p = 0.024, 95% CI: 0.038–0.696), and also between rats without treatment and rats treated with simvastatin–A. indica extract combination therapy (p = 0.000, 95% CI: 0.241–0.873) using one-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Bonferroni test.Conclusions:The results of the combination of simvastatin–A. indica Linn. root extracts treatment showed a synergistic effect on the improvement of fatty pancreas, but further research is needed to find potential adverse effects on the interaction of these two substrates to confirm the safe use of this treatment.

Photocatalytic properties of biosynthesized ZnS nanoparticles using Acalypha indica plant extract

To develop a efficient biocatalyst, a simple and environmentally friendly biosynthesized approach has been utilized. In this study, we synthesized ZnS nanoparticle for the first time using an environmentally friendly synthetic approach based on extract from Acalypha indica plant. The influence of plant extract on the crystal structure, surface morphology, and elemental composition, optical property of biosynthesized ZnS catalyst was investigated. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of pure and biosynthesized ZnS nanoparticles for methylene blue dye degradation (MBD) were examined. The results reveals that Acalypha indica plant extract mediated ZnS (A:ZnS) nanoparticles exhibits excellent photo degradation efficiency (99%) when compared to pure ZnS. This suggest that the narrower band gap energy, improved crystalline size of biosynthesized ZnS nanoparticles exhibits increased dye degradation efficiency than pure ZnS.

Molecular Study of Acalypha indica to Leptin, Alpha Glucosidase, and its Antihyperglycemic Effect on Alpha Glucosidase

Molecular Study of Acalypha indica to Leptin, Alpha Glucosidase, and its Antihyperglycemic Effect on Alpha Glucosidase

Acute Hemolytic Anemia Caused by G6PD Deficiency in Children in Mayotte: A Frequent and Severe Complication.

Severe hemolytic anemia is a rare complication of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. It occurs with the Mediterranean (Med) variant corresponding to a class 2 deficiency according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, and it correlates with a severe deficiency in G6PD activity. In Mayotte, the majority of patients have the African (A-) variant as a WHO class 3 deficiency. Yet we have observed numerous cases of severe hemolytic anemia defined by a hemoglobin level of <6 g/dL. In this study, we aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and biological features as well as the treatment modalities of children presenting with a severe hemolytic crisis secondary to G6PD deficiency in Mayotte. The secondary objective was to study the disease genotype when this information was available. Between April 2013 and September 2020, 73 children presented with severe anemia because of G6PD deficiency in Mayotte. The median hemoglobin level during the hemolytic crises was 3.9 g/dL. All of the patients underwent a transfusion and hospitalization. Twenty patients had a disease genotype: 11 had the African mutation and 9 had the Med mutation. Although they are among the most common triggers of G6PD acute hemolytic anemia, drugs were found to not be present and fava bean ingestion was found in only 1 child. One of the specific triggers was traditional medicine, including Acalypha indica . Severe hemolytic crisis in children because of G6PD deficiency is a frequent occurrence in Mayotte. The patients had severe disease symptoms, but the severity did not correlate with the genotype: the African (A-) variant and the Med variant resulted in the same level of disease severity.

Screening plants extracts for Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani

The adverse effect of pesticides used for controlling pests and the diseases caused by them is extensively rising. To overcome this harmful environmental impact, alternative methods are being studied and developed. Out of many possible methods, one effective method is to use plant extracts which embodies natural substances having antifungal properties. In an attempt towards enhancement of sustainable antifungal approach, four different concentrations of four plant extracts Citrus limon, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum gratissimum and Acalypha indica, were tested for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, which is a serious threat for plants, and is responsible for considerable crop and yield losses. The aim of this study is to minimize yield losses and to regain the attention of formers towards exploiting natural resources for diseases control. From the results, it can be concluded that different concentrations of plant extracts have caused substantial inhibition in the mycelial growth of R. solani. The leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum was highly effective in inhibiting mycelial growth, at the concentration of 500mg/ml of extract followed by Citrus limon, Azadirachta indica, and Acalypha indica. These plants might have potential for the development of natural fungicide for the management of diseases caused by fungal pathogens. Also, fungicides developed from these botanical extracts can prove to be highly effective for the management of plant diseases and would be simply obtainable, nonpolluting, biodegradable and economical.

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti Cholesterol Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Acalypha indica linn

Background: Acalypha indica Linn. is a weed plant found in shady wetlands. It is commonly called as kuppai meni in Tamil, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is found to be one of the greatest Indian plants with anti-venom, antibacterial, antiviral and antimicrobial properties.&#x0D; Aim:Preliminary phytochemical analysis and assessment of antioxidant and anti cholesterol activity of ethanolic leaf extract of acalypha indica linn&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential of Acalypha indica Linn.was analysed as per the standard methods. The data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test and it was used to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with the p&lt;0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: Ethanolic leaf extract of Acalypha indica Linn exhibited a significant antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity and increased in a dose dependent manner as compared to the standard drug.&#x0D; Conclusion: Many researchers are working towards replacing synthetic drugs with herbal alternatives. Herbal extracts are natural and will aid in longevity.

In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf, Stem, Root Extract of Acalypha indica - A Comparative Study

Background and Aim: Acalypha indica is a weedy, short lived and monoecious plant. It has an antioxidant effect and it must be implemented to control the disease where free radicals are involved. Acalypha plant is useful for the bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A. indica plant is used in the rejuvenation in the worst conditions which may undergo infections in the microorganisms and it is the chemotherapeutic agent and distributed in the large contributions in human health and well being. The main aim of this study is to assess which part of A. indica has an antibacterial activity.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Agar well diffusion method was used for assessing the antimicrobial activity of the plant extract. The nutrient broth is inoculated with bacterial strains E. faecalis. The broth was then incubated at 37°C overnight. Antibacterial activity was determined by measurement of the diameter of zones of inhibition (mm).&#x0D; Results: When compared to root, stem and leaves of hydroethanolic extract of A. indica, leaf maximum inhibition against E. faecalis. As the concentration of extract increases from 25 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, the zone of inhibition also increases. This shows the antimicrobial activity is better at higher concentration.&#x0D; Conclusion: A. indica has effective antimicrobial activity. It reduces the growth of various human pathogenic bacteria. The root, stem and leaf of A. indica possess Antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. leaf extract has significant antibacterial activity.

A Comprehensive Review on – Acalypha indica Linn.

Medicinal plants possess high therapeutic values. It can act as remedies for various human diseases and ailments. Acalypha indica is an herbaceous annual plant which belongs to the family euphorbiaceae. Euphorbiaceae is a large family of flowering plants. The Euphorbiaceae consist of monoecious or dioecious, herbs, shrubs, vines, or trees. Latex is present in some major groups. Acalypha indica commonly called as kuppaimeni. It is mostly found in the backyards of houses and waste places throughout the India. This herb has wide range of therapeutic purposes and have nutritional properties. The plant widely used to treat various diseases like antibacterial, antifungal, acaricidal effects etc. This review article provides an insight into wide-range of information on the phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of this species.

PENYULUHAN TENTANG DAUN ANTING ANTING SEBAGAI PENGOBATAN DIARE DIDESA BIRU BIRU

The lecture on the efficacy of Leaf Earrings as a treatment for diarrhea in Biru-biru Village is intended to reflect on, create and apply the information and progress that has been considered by students in conversation with the wider area. To find out how to deal with Earring Leaves so that its properties can be used as an intestinal relaxant that is good for the body, it's good to know in advance the existence of Earring Leaves so that people know the benefits of Earring Leaves.&#x0D; In this expansion, there are three stages used in its implementation, namely: Inviting members with notification to the local area in Biru-biru Village, Input which is the most common way of preparing, then, at that time, Evaluating the Results of the Training by knowing the estimated effect aside from preparation. The PKM assessment is still being carried out. The PKM respect is obtained from several standards that have been regulated in the PKM regulations, with this principle the creators are interested in coordinating guidance on earring leaves as a treatment for diarrhea in the people of Biru-biru Village. So this investigation is based on the greatness of the creator. Earring leaves have many benefits in traditional medicine. Where in different studies it causes this hoop leaf plant to have an impact or movement, for example for stiffness and lowering uric acid. The hoop plant is used by the local area to correct enzema, uterine death, skin irritation. Acalypha indica can also be used to treat diabetes mellitus. It is believed that in this lecture the Efficacy of Earring Leaves can have a good effect on the treatment of diarrhea. Then counseling was carried out to find out the benefits and content contained in the Earring Leaves through several methods that support this counseling.

Investigation of CaO nanocatalyst synthesized from Acalypha indica leaves and its application in biodiesel production using waste cooking oil

Biodiesel is a non-toxic, decomposable and eco-friendly alternative fuel for petroleum-based fuels. In recent times, biodiesel production attracted industries, governments and researchers globally. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is used as a promising raw material for researchers to produce biodiesel. The biodiesel production from WCO is a cost-effective process and also helps in reducing the disposal issues of WCO. The aim of the present study is to synthesis calcium oxide (CaO) nanocatalyst from Acalypha indica to produce biodiesel from WCO. The reaction conditions for the transesterification reaction such as catalyst concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and time were optimized. The optimum process values were determined using RSM were 2.4 wt% of catalyst concentration, 11.8:1 of methanol: oil molar ratio, 63.7 °C of reaction temperature and 70 min of reaction time with the highest biodiesel yield of 94.74 %. The synthesized catalysts chemical bonds, size and morphological structure were analyzed using FTIR, XRD and SEM. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized using GC–MS and physicochemical properties were analyzed. This study suggests that biodiesel production from WCO using CaO nanocatalyst from Acalypha indica is a promising technique.

A Comparative Study of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum Plant Leaf Extract

Introduction: Inflammation is said to be the response of the body to an injury. It is a body defence reaction to reduce or eliminate the spread of injurious agents. It is essential that steps should be taken to introduce new medicinal plants and to develop cheaper, effective and safe analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. The main aim of this study is to assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum plant is being studied.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Protease inhibition assay was done by Bovine serum albumin was added to plant samples with increase in concentrations as per the standard methods. In this study, Aspirin was used as a standard anti-inflammatory drug.The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test to see the statistical significance among the groups. The results with p&lt;0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: In this study, it was observed that the plant leaf extract of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicus contain anti-inflammatory activity. The protein denaturation inhibitory activity of leaf extract of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum, plant extract was represented graphically. Tecoma stans, was observed to contain the anti inflammatory activity.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study revealed that Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum are important medicinal plants with diverse pharmacological spectrum and contain anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, this research has been taken to collect and compile the pharmacological uses of these plant extracts which will be useful to the society to venture into a field of alternative systems of medicine.

MOLECULAR DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDIES OF ACALYPHA INDICA L. PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS WITH CASPASE-3

Objective: This study investigated the structure-based molecular interactions between phytochemical constituents of Acalypha indica L. and caspase-3.&#x0D; Methods: Thirty-three phytochemical constituents of A. indica were screened against caspase-3. The X-ray crystal structure of human caspase-3 was retrieved from https://www.rcsb.org/structure/. The molecular interactions of the phytochemicals were studied using the AutoDock 4.2 software and followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the Amber18 software.&#x0D; Results: From this study, 25 screened phytochemicals were found to have a better binding mode than the native ligand. Moreover, the binding stability of the top four hits evaluated by MD indicated that the hydrogen bonds in MD were quite different from the molecular docking results due to the massive receptor and ligand movement in the MD simulations. However, with the exception of stigmasterol, all ligands were able to stabilize the protein.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study suggested that γ-sitosterol acetate, β-sitosterol acetate, and γ-sitosterol might be able to induce caspase-3, thereby activating apoptosis. These high-affinity compounds can bind to caspase-3 more efficiently and were able to stabilize the protein. Therefore, they have the potential to be used as lead compounds in the treatment of cancer.