Academic Tenure Research Articles

Gender and International Research Cooperation

This article discusses why U.S. academics, and female academics in particular, are less involved in international collaboration than their colleges in other countries. Features of the U.S. system for higher education and research, including its size, academic quality and the nature of the academic tenure track career system, are important in shaping this "national-oriented" mode of academic work. It is argued, however that such qualities also limit the realization of academic and economic potential of international research collaboration.

The bachelor's to Ph.D. STEM pipeline no longer leaks more women than men: a 30-year analysis.

For decades, research and public discourse about gender and science have often assumed that women are more likely than men to “leak” from the science pipeline at multiple points after entering college. We used retrospective longitudinal methods to investigate how accurately this “leaky pipeline” metaphor has described the bachelor’s to Ph.D. transition in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields in the U.S. since the 1970s. Among STEM bachelor’s degree earners in the 1970s and 1980s, women were less likely than men to later earn a STEM Ph.D. However, this gender difference closed in the 1990s. Qualitatively similar trends were found across STEM disciplines. The leaky pipeline metaphor therefore partially explains historical gender differences in the U.S., but no longer describes current gender differences in the bachelor’s to Ph.D. transition in STEM. The results help constrain theories about women’s underrepresentation in STEM. Overall, these results point to the need to understand gender differences at the bachelor’s level and below to understand women’s representation in STEM at the Ph.D. level and above. Consistent with trends at the bachelor’s level, women’s representation at the Ph.D. level has been recently declining for the first time in over 40 years.

The Perilous State of Academic Freedom in the Twenty-First Century

This year marks the centennial of the American Association of University Professor’s famous 1915 Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure. Drafted by economist Edwin R. A. Seligman ...

Contingent Faculty and Academic Freedom in the Twenty-First Century

As we celebrate the centennial of the AAUP’s 1915 Declaration on Academic Freedom and Tenure, those core principles are still essential, but the changing administrative regime of higher education i...

Opportunities and Challenges for Innovations in Qatar

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In ... and out: open access publishing in scientific journals.

Open access (OA) journals are a growing phenomenon largely of the past decade wherein readers can access the content of scientific journals without paying for a subscription. The costs are borne by authors (or their institutions) who pay a fee to be published, thus allowing readers to access, search, print, and cite the journals without cost. Although the OA model, in and of itself, need not diminish scientific rigor, selectivity, or peer review, the "author pays" model creates an inherent conflict of interest: it operates with the incentive on the part of the journal to publish more and reject less. This is coupled with cost containment measures that affect the journals' ability to engage experienced editors and professional staff to scrutinize data, data analyses, and author conflicts of interest. While some OA journals appear to be comparable to their print competitors, others are "predatory" and have no legitimacy at all. Two recent "scams"--one recently published in Science--highlight the urgency of addressing the issues raised by OA publication so that OA does not lose its credibility just as it begins to gather substantial momentum. High-quality journals develop their reputations over time, and OA outlets will be no exception. For this to occur, however, the OA audience will need to be satisfied that OA can deliver high-quality publications utilizing rigorous peer review, editing, and conflict of interest scrutiny. Academic tenure and promotion committees that review scholarly credentials are understandably skeptical of publications in unrecognized journals, and the large number of new OA outlets contributes to this urgency from their perspective as well.

Open access to data: An ideal professed but not practised

Data-sharing is an essential tool for replication, validation and extension of empirical results. Using a hand-collected data set describing the data-sharing behaviour of 488 randomly selected empirical researchers, we provide evidence that most researchers in economics and management do not share their data voluntarily. We derive testable hypotheses based on the theoretical literature on information-sharing and relate data-sharing to observable characteristics of researchers. We find empirical support for the hypotheses that voluntary data-sharing significantly increases with (a) academic tenure, (b) the quality of researchers, (c) the share of published articles subject to a mandatory data-disclosure policy of journals, and (d) personal attitudes towards “open science” principles. On the basis of our empirical evidence, we discuss a set of policy recommendations.

Navigating the Career Transition from Industry to Academia

Transitions from ‘industry’ to ‘academia’ represent a unique type of career change. Although such transitions are becoming increasingly common in Australian universities and beyond, there is no coherent framework for making sense of the multiple and intersecting factors involved in these inter-domain movements. This form of occupational transition challenges the traditional and increasingly outdated conception of the linear academic tenure track. Thus, in order to revise the notion of the tenure track and gain a fuller understanding of these career trajectories, we must seek to understand the motivations for such occupational movements as well as the short-term, medium-term and long-term social, emotional and professional needs and preferences of practitioner-academics having made this transition. This article presents an attempt to re-think the imagery and language that have come to characterize this type of career movement as well as the attitudes within and between industry and academia. The authors advocate that transitions from industry to academia do not require the dismantling of linkages between the two fields, but rather are made more meaningful and effective when pre-existing professional and personal linkages are maintained and encouraged.

Advantages and Challenges of Research Programs with Extensive Industry Involvement

One of the challenges faced by young academics is to perform industry research in a way that university requirements for academic tenure are fulfilled. This paper provides ideas for assistant professors in the construction disciplines for integrating industry into their research programs. The paper provides insight on connecting with industry, administrative issues to consider in industry research, traits of industry re- search,andadvantagesandchallengesofindustryresearch.Inaddition,thepaperlooksatspecificindustryresearchexamplesanddescribesthe outcomes of this involvement. The final component of the study provides industry's perspective of academic research.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE) SC.1943-5576.0000204. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. Author keywords: Construction Engineering; Research; Industry; Assistant professors; Guidelines; Collaboration.

Censure Lists from the AAUP

Investigations by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) of the administrations of the institutions listed below show that, as evidenced by a past violation, they are not observing the generally recognized principles of academic freedom and tenure approved by this Association, the Association of American Colleges and Universities, and more than 200 other professional and educational organizations which have endorsed the 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure.

Are medical students being properly cared for? A question for the current student advisory program

Medical students need close care and systematic management of their mental and emotional health during their academic tenure. This study examined the status of the current student advisory program and counseling office, the satisfaction of the current student advisory program, the core content of an advisory program, and the quality of a good advisor. We asked 64 faculties that were in charge of the student advisory program and medical education and 774 medical students from 41 medical schools in Korea to answer a survey. Statistical analysis, chi-square test, and ordered multiple response analysis were performed. A significant number of faculty members (63.5%) and students (53.4%) indicated the existence of problems with the current advisory program. 'Deviations from the content (27.3%)' was the faculty's predominant complaint versus 'too formal (31.3%)' for students. A total of 55.5% of faculty members replied that the counseling program was helpful, but students were somewhat skeptical (13.9%). The core content of the advisory program was 'school life & academic counseling (28.3%)' by the faculty versus 'life as a medical doctor (22.3%)' for students. Both faculty and students replied that the quality of a good advisor is having 'concerns about students.' Current student advisory and counseling programs are not much help to students. A differentiated program for specific academic years should be considered to provide a tailored and valuable service.

Unblocking a Free Market Perspective in Labor Economics

(2008) Walter Block presents a seemingly comprehensive free market perspective on the economics of the labor market. From this perspective Block discusses the economics of wage determination and the minimum wage’s effects on the labor market; the economic impact of labor unions and unionized regulation as well as the economics of unemployment insurance and academic tenure; and he touches on immigration, redistributive justice, and slavery reparations. There should be no surprise that the free market perspective allows Block to argue that regulation and intervention in the market cause imbalances and disequilibria and are therefore economically inefficient and undesireable. But Block goes one step further and argues that all kinds of regulation or tampering with a free market setting for voluntary interaction of individuals are simply wrong. There is no doubt that Labor Economics from a Free Market Perspective is a very provocative book. On the one hand, it is a treatise on labor economics covering basic economic truths such as the determination of wages and the effects in the labor market of enforced minimum wage laws and unionism. Just like in Block’s 1976 book

Structural Changes in the BISE Editorial Board

Journal rankings have significantly altered the way dissertation and academic tenure decisions are taken in management science and economics at universities across Europe. For example, Jourqual, the journal ranking published by the German Academic Association for Business Research, is often used as a guideline to evaluate the publication record of applicants for business schools. This has led to a growing importance of journals for academic evaluation. We are fully aware of the fact that journal publications represent only a fraction of a professor’s broad spectrum of service contributions. Nevertheless, the quality of scientific contributions in our field is increasingly measured by journal publications. The reputation and standing of such a journal reflects on the community, and also the reputation of BISE is important for us as a community. It is therefore essential to have a well-respected journal which shows the interests, the research habits, and traditions of BISE researchers. Take business process management (BPM) as an example. While articles on BPM have been published in almost all IS journals, it is the Europeans who play a leading role here, and the topic carries more weight in the European than in the US academic IS community. We should be proud of our contributions in such areas, and this fact should be reflected in our journal and in our editorial board. Overall, there are many reasons for all of us to further strengthen and develop the journal. We aim to establish BISE as one of the top European journals in IS. All of these considerations have guided us through the recent changes in the editorial board and the governance structure of the journal. Let’s briefly revisit the historical development, before we discuss the recent and unanimous decisions which the editorial board came to in Leipzig. BISE has been the flagship journal of our community for 50 years in the German-speaking countries. With a German language publication, the journal would always be restricted to the academic realm in this part of the world. The increasing internationalization of scientific research therefore led Hans Ulrich Buhl in 2009 to introduce the triple strategy. This strategy comprised a bilingual publication of all articles in the German WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK in print and the English translation in the online journal BISE. At the same time, four departments were introduced and a number of international scholars joined the editorial board. All of these changes were important and helped us in rankings and in building our reputation as an overall high-quality journal. The bilingual publication was a substantial effort, only possible due to the generous support by sponsors such as Allianz, Commerzbank, Deutsche Telekom, McKinsey, and SAP, but it was also important in the transition from a German-speaking to a European journal. It is now time to take the next steps in this direction. The financial burden of the translations, but also the time that authors invest, led the editorial board to decide that in future the journal will be published in English only. We will decide on the timing for this change in the coming months depending on several developments that have to be taken into account. Apart from the language, we decided on a number of changes regarding the structure of the editorial board and the governance. We have set up seven new departments, which represent the main sub-communities of BISE, and I am pleased that national and international top scholars have signed up to serve as department editors. A complete list of the editorial board and its departments can be found online at http://bise-journal.org.com. IS Engineering and Technology Vasant Dhar, New York University Matthias Jarke, RWTH Aachen Computational Methods and Decision Support Systems Leena Suhl, University of Paderborn Stefan Voss, University of Hamburg Economics of IS Detlef Schoder, University of Cologne Rolf Wigand, University of Arkansas

A Model of Management Academics' Intentions to Influence Values

Business schools face increased criticism for failing in the teaching of management studies to nurture their students’ values. Assuming that individual academics play an important role in shaping the value-related influence of business schools, I model management academics’ intentions to influence values. The suggested model encompasses academics’ economic and social values as internal variables, as well as perceived support for attempting to influence values and academic tenure as social and structural variables. A test with empirical data from 1,254 management academics worldwide reveals that perceived external support is most relevant for explaining intentions. Moreover, academics’ social values, but not their economic ones, contribute to an explanation of their intentions to influence values. The results reveal how important it is for academics to believe that their colleagues, higher education institutions, and other stakeholders support their value-related behavioral intentions.

An economic model of workplace mobbing in academe

Workplace bullying or mobbing can be defined as the infliction of various forms of abuse (e.g., verbal, emotional, psychological) against a colleague or subordinate by one or more other members of a workplace. Even in the presence of academic tenure, workplace mobbing remains a prevalent issue in academe. This study develops an economic model that employs a Stackelberg differential game in order to analyze the interaction between a university administrator (or administrators) and a professor who is being “mobbed” by university administration, perhaps for political reasons related to the professor's use of academic freedom and/or tenure to publicly criticize the actions of university officials. One of the model's implications is that it is optimal for the professor to increase his or her research in order to increase job mobility when subjected to downward mobbing, and that the university administration may succeed in pushing out the tenured professor if the administration's mobbing actions are greater than a combination of professor's optimal salary and threshold quitting rate. In the long run, however, the institution and the administrator may lose if the professor leaves and his replacements do not keep up the research productivity.

The Love of Money, Pay Satisfaction and Academic Tenure: Professors in a Public Institution of Higher Education

This study tests a model of pay satisfaction using a sample of 207 American professors, treats academic tenure as a moderator, and investigates the model across tenured ( n = 126) and non-tenured (n = 77) professors simultaneously. The direct path examines the relationship between income and pay satisfaction, whereas the indirect path consists of income, the love of money, pay comparison, and pay satisfaction. For the whole sample, results supported the direct path in that income led to pay satisfaction. When both the direct and indirect paths were examined simultaneously, income led to low pay satisfaction. Income enhanced the love of money that was used to frame referent pay comparison that had an impact on pay satisfaction. For tenured professors, the indirect path was significant and the direct path approached significance. For non-tenured professors, the referent comparison to pay satisfaction path was significant. Our research contributes to our new insights and understanding of pay satisfaction among tenured and non-tenured professors in a public institution of higher education.

If You're So Smart, Why Are You under Surveillance? Universities, Neoliberalism, and New Public Management

Although universities have undergone changes since the dawn of their existence, the speed of change started to accelerate remarkably in the 1960s. Spectacular growth in the number of students and faculty was immediately followed by administrative reforms aimed at managing this growth and managing the demands of students for democratic reform and societal relevance. Since the 1980s, however, an entirely different wind has been blowing along the academic corridors. The fiscal crisis of the welfare states and the neoliberal course of the Reagan and Thatcher governments made the battle against budget deficits and against government spending into a political priority. Education, together with social security and health care, were targeted directly. As the eighties went on, the neoliberal agenda became more radical—smaller state and bigger market—attacking the public sector itself through efforts to systematically reduce public expenditure by privatizing public services and introducing market incentives. At the

A Proposal for Tenure

We assess the current role of tenure in academic health centers in this paper and present the current state of the discussion on the uses, abuses, present role, and short comings of academic tenure as it currently exists. We propose and discuss the proposition that all academics should be tenure eligible and that various pathways to tenure be based on achievements and contributions evaluated by institutional promotions committees. We also comment on the financial implications of universal tenure eligibility.

Where Have You Gone, Margaret Mead? Anthropology and Public Intellectuals

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Journal‐ranking lists and the academic librarian

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the use of journal‐ranking lists for academic librarian promotion and tenure (P&amp;T) decision.Design/methodology/approachUsing a case study, the researchers analyzed a proposed journal‐ranking list created for P&amp;T decisions. A quantitative analysis of peer‐reviewed journal articles was performed to support this analysis.FindingsThe paper shows that the use of journal‐ranking lists for P&amp;T decisions inadequately conflates academic librarians with teaching faculty members.Research limitations/implicationsThe study relied primarily on a single case study, so it may not be scientifically generalized.Social implicationsThis study identifies journal‐ranking lists as an inadequate tool for the evaluation of academic librarians and encourages action to divorce the valuation of intellectual achievement from quantitative structures.Originality/valueThe analysis of the quantitative/metric underpinnings of intellectual labor in higher education is necessary for academic freedom.