Academic Sphere Research Articles

Jacques Derrida and the question what is theory?

Misko Suvakovic states that ?Theory or theorization are hybrid genres or polygenres that developed in parallel in artistic, activist and academic circles (France, Great Britain, USA, Eastern Europe) by criticizing autonomous canonical models and institutions of scientific and philosophical work in society, culture and art? (Suvakovic 2008). In this paper, I will look at the question ?What is theory?? by reading the works of Jacques Derrida, Paul de Man and Richard Rorty and starting from the above-mentioned framework of ?theory? defined primarily as a school of thought practiced today dominantly in the academic sphere in the USA. For Derrida, the question ?what is?? is at the basis of all other questions, especially those that govern (governmentality) our understanding of the world, such as questions of truth, consciousness, and subjectivity. These questions have been considered in philosophy in different ways, but the one that is most significant for my topic is the relationship of presence/absence, internal/ external, physis/mimesis viewed through the concept of writing.

La (in)visibilidad de las mujeres en los textos didácticos del judaísmo clásico

On the basis of the hypothesis that the academic texts of the sages from classical Judaism (1st-8th centuries CE) form part of a restricted sphere, as opposed to other texts of later compilation, such as the so-called Minor Treatises of the Talmud –oriented more towards a public sphere with a didactic intention–, we will read one of these treatises in order to review the visibility (or invisibility) of women in its contents and arguments. One of these ethical texts, Kallah Rabbati, has been selected for being a treatise that orders daily issues that affect men and women, such as sexual relations in marriage, as well as other ethical considerations on human behaviour. Through the text we will analyse the role that women may have played in the academic sphere, in order to analyze how they are presented in the discourse; their possible role as transmitters or receivers of these didactic texts of classical Judaism.

Historiographic Reflections in the Field of the Bitsilli Studies

The article examines the monograph by the Israeli historian M. Birman “P. Bitsilli (1879– 1953). Life and Work”, which offers “a consolidated review of life and work” by the Russian and Bulgarian scholar and humanist Peter Bitsilli. It is noted that the monograph was written in the genre of intellectual biography, conventional for historiography, when the personal life and creative activities of the investigated historical figure are closely intertwined with broad cultural and historical contexts of the era. The article emphasizes that in contrast to the biographies of people of the past widespread in the scholarly literature, this narrative centres around a historical person, whose name remained in oblivion for more than half a century after his death, both in academic sphere and in historical memory. Despite the fact that the book poses many questions about the daily life and intellectual activity of a scholar, it does not provide the answers on the basis of research methods. It is not grounded on a rich source base; similarly to many other modern studies, the book is lacking in the information related to the considerable surviving number of archival documents, the materials of which would give answers to many questions regarding the biography of P. Bitsilli. Despite some shortcomings, omissions in the presentation of the material in the book, many questions posed for the first time by the author have been addressed and arouse genuine interest. One of the characteristic features of the reviewed work is its bibliographic component.

Prevalence of common mental disorders among medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract: Introduction: Common mental disorders (CMD) have been frequently identified among university students in the health area, especially in Medicine. It is believed that characteristics inherent to the course have a potential influence on the student’s mental health. When adding the pandemic context, with its inherent social restrictions, the psychological determinants related to the unknown pathology and the fear of the rapid spread of the new coronavirus, there is the possibility of increasing the risk factors for psychological distress in this population. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of CMD among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its main determinants in the academic, social and economic spheres. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 388 medical students in Salvador/BA., Data on sociodemographic and academic aspects, life habits, comorbidities and symptoms of non-psychotic disorders were collected using the Google Forms platform, measured by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Results: The prevalence of CMD was 39.7% among medical students, with 47.4% in the basic cycle, 40.3% in the clinical cycle and 12.3% in the internship period. Among the factors associated with the emergence of CMD are sedentary lifestyle, smoking, use of substances that enhance academic performance, dissatisfaction with one’s academic performance, poor sleep quality, lack of appetite, frequent headaches, poor digestion, suicidal ideation and sadness. There was a higher rate of non-psychotic mental disorders among women, with no difference regarding the academic cycle and the administrative type of the educational institution. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant prevalence of CMD was demonstrated among female, white, single medical students who live with family members and do not have their own income. Although studies suggest an increase in the prevalence among university students at the present time, the data from the present study remain in agreement with the literature data prior to the pandemic, showing that the medical course itself is the main risk factor for higher rates of CMD in this population. However, further studies on the long-term impact of the pandemic on the mental health of university students are still necessary.

Prevalence of common mental disorders among medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract: Introduction: Common mental disorders (CMD) have been frequently identified among university students in the health area, especially in Medicine. It is believed that characteristics inherent to the course have a potential influence on the student’s mental health. When adding the pandemic context, with its inherent social restrictions, the psychological determinants related to the unknown pathology and the fear of the rapid spread of the new coronavirus, there is the possibility of increasing the risk factors for psychological distress in this population. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of CMD among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its main determinants in the academic, social and economic spheres. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 388 medical students in Salvador/BA., Data on sociodemographic and academic aspects, life habits, comorbidities and symptoms of non-psychotic disorders were collected using the Google Forms platform, measured by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Results: The prevalence of CMD was 39.7% among medical students, with 47.4% in the basic cycle, 40.3% in the clinical cycle and 12.3% in the internship period. Among the factors associated with the emergence of CMD are sedentary lifestyle, smoking, use of substances that enhance academic performance, dissatisfaction with one’s academic performance, poor sleep quality, lack of appetite, frequent headaches, poor digestion, suicidal ideation and sadness. There was a higher rate of non-psychotic mental disorders among women, with no difference regarding the academic cycle and the administrative type of the educational institution. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant prevalence of CMD was demonstrated among female, white, single medical students who live with family members and do not have their own income. Although studies suggest an increase in the prevalence among university students at the present time, the data from the present study remain in agreement with the literature data prior to the pandemic, showing that the medical course itself is the main risk factor for higher rates of CMD in this population. However, further studies on the long-term impact of the pandemic on the mental health of university students are still necessary.

Disruption in Supply Chain due to Covid-19 in Jordanian Economy

Disruption in Supply Chain due to Covid-19 in Jordanian Economy

Variation in romance languages: occitan and portuguese

This thematic dossier, published in the first issue of volume 24 of Diadorim: Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies – a journal compiled by the Postgraduate Program in Vernacular Letters at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – , brings together views on variations and varieties of Portuguese and also on the Occitan language. It is linked to initiatives that have been taken within this program in favor of the broad internationalization of linguistic science promoted in the Brazilian academic sphere. One of these initiatives stems from the Franco-Brazilian project VariaR – Variation in Romance Languages ( https://variar.wixsite.com/variar ), whose team of researchers, working at various universities, is led by professors linked to research and post-graduate programs based at Paul Valéry University Montpellier III/ Recherches Sur les Suds et les Orients unit and at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro/Postgraduate Program in Vernacular Letters. The dossier contains a total of 19 texts, including 13 articles submitted for double-blind evaluation and approved by expert reviewers from Brazil, Portugal, Sweden, the United States and France. It also contains two interviews with two researchers, one with a researcher from the American continent/the United States and another, written in French and Portuguese, with a researcher from the European continent/France, as well as a review of a Brazilian book by a Brazilian researcher.

Digital Human Resources: Proposed Model

Digital human resources and knowledge management are two terms that have been in common use in recent times due to their importance to organizations. Because of the use of the words talent and knowledge that are similar in meaning, people get confused between the two terms but in fact they are different concepts that are applied in different contexts. There are many differences between digital human resources and knowledge management, which will be highlighted in this paper, in addition to suggesting a digital human resources model that organizations can guide when starting to implement the concept of on-line human resources management. References Ahmad, A., Madi, Y., Abuhashesh, M., M Nusairat, N., & Masa’deh, R. E. (2020). The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Adoption of Green Fashion Innovation journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity,6(4), 107. Aljanabi, M., Shkoukani, M., & Hijjawi, M. (2020). Ground-level ozone prediction using machine learning techniques: A case study in Amman, Jordan. International Journal of Automation and Computing, 17(5), 667-677.‏ Armstrong, M., Armstrong’ s handbook of human resource management practice, 2012, 12th edition, Kogan Page, pp255-269. Armstrong, M., Armstrong’s Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management, 5th edition, 2011, Kogan Page. Bersin, J., Digital human resourcesWhat is it? Why now? May, 2006, 6pages, available at: www.bersin.com, accessed on: 03.08.2015. Boselie, P. (2010), Strategic Human Resource Management. A Balanced Approach, Birkshire: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Boudreau, J. W., & Ramstad, P. M. (2005). Talentship and the new paradigm for human resource management: From professional practises to strategic talent decision science. Caligiuri, P. M. (2006). Developing global leaders. Human Resource Management Review, 16, 219–228, available at: doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2006.03.009. Cappellli, P. (2008). Digital human resourcesfor the twenty-first century. Harvard Business Review, 86(3), 74, pp76–81 Chambers, E. G., Foulon, M., Handfield-Jones, H., Hankin, S. M., Michaels III, E. G., The war for talent, 1998 Number 3, The McKinsey Quarterly: The Online Journal of McKinsey & Co., available at: http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/article_print.aspx? Davenport T, Grover V. Special issue on knowledge management. Journal of Management Information Systems 2001; 18(1). Davenport T, Prusak L. Working knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press; 1998. Hammouri, Q. M., Abu-Shanab, E. A., & Nusairat, N. M. (2021). Attitudes Toward Implementing E-Government in Health Insurance Administration. International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR), 17(2), 1-18.‏‏ Hammouri, Q., & Abu-Shanab, E. (2017). Exploring the factors influencing employees' satisfaction toward e-tax systems. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 3(2), 169-190.‏ Hammouri, Q., Almajali, D. A., Nusairat, N., & Saraireh, S. (2020). Determinants of Users’ Satisfaction with Mobile Apps. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3), 14613-14624.‏ Hammouri, Q., Altaher, A. M., Rabaa’i, A., Khataybeh, H., & Al-Gasawneh, J. A. (2022b). Influence OF Psychological Contract Fulfillment on Job Outcomes: A Case of the Academic Sphere In Jordan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(3), 62-71. Hammouri, Q., Atobishi, T., Altememi, A., Al-Zagheer, H., & Khataybeh, H. (2022a). The impact of investing in Big Data Analytics (BDA) in enhancing organizational agility and Performance. Central European Management Journal, 30(4), 1090-1093.‏ Hanandeh, A., QaisHammouri, D., RaedHanandeh, D., & Hanandeh, R. (2021). Outsourcing and Job Performance: The Perspectives of Organizational Structure and Culture. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(6), 4378-4387.‏ Housel T, Bell A. Measuring and managing knowledge. New York: McGraw Hill; 2001. Liebowitz J. Knowledge management: learning from knowledge engineering. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001. Liebowitz J. Lessons learned in developing knowledge management strategies for the Government. New Jersey: KM World, Information Today, Inc; 2001. Majali T, Azizah O, Alsoud S, Barakat S. Use of social media in Promoting Breast Cancer Awareness among Malaysian Women of Generation Y: A Conceptual Framework, Multicultural Education Volume 7, Issue 2, 2021. Schreiber, A. T., Schreiber, G., Akkermans, H., Anjewierden, A., Shadbolt, N., de Hoog, R., ... & Wielinga, B. (2000). Knowledge engineering and management: the CommonKADS methodology. MIT press.‏ Virgillito, A. (2007). Requirements for knowledge transfer in hospitals: How can knowledge transfer be supported in hospitals?.‏ White D, Fortune J. Current practice in project management: an empirical study. International Journal of Project Management 2002; 20(1). 198 J. Liebowitz, I. Megbolugbe / International Journal of Project Management 21 (2003) 189–198. Wony, K.Y.& Aspinwall, Elaine. (2004). Characterizing Knowledge Management in small business environment, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 8 No.3.

Bringing Literacy Education into the Ring: My Reflections Conducting a Service-Learning Project at a Youth Boxing Program

While COVID-19 created challenges in the majority of academic spheres worldwide, certain marginalized communities with pre-existing challenges suffered grave educational hardships. Through EDCI 590, I partnered with the Downtown Boxing Gym (DBG), a community-based youth development program in Detroit, MI, to learn how to provide culturally- and developmentally-relevant literacy assessments to the largely economically marginalized Black and Latinx students at DBG. In order to do this, along with other Purdue undergraduate and graduate students, I became familiar with the challenges of providing developmentally appropriate assessments for students who had been under-prepared in literacy by their local schools, learned how to conduct effective assessments for such students, and eventually conducted them virtually with multiple students from the gym. Afterwards, we were challenged to develop and present to DBG staff individualized literacy plans for the students we assessed. The students that were serviced were able to have an assessment experience that was culturally and developmentally relevant to them while also being informative about their literacy background, needs, and interests. After writing a detailed summary of the students’ assessment results, we were tasked to find and recommend culturally and developmentally relevant literature either written by or featuring individuals of color that were purchased for the students to further encourage their literacy development. Not only did this course service many students at DBG, but it also allowed me to experience something that I feel I never would have gotten from the predetermined curriculum requirements in my Teacher Education program. Through this course I got to witness the ways that community-based educational spaces can support educational equity for economically-marginalized students of color. This experience opened my eyes to problems and solutions I feel will be vital for me as a preservice teacher and eventually a classroom teacher to continue to grow in my awareness.

Features of the normative word stress of the dentist’s professional vocabulary

The professional language of health-care professionals, in particular dentists, falls within the purview of the authors of the article under consideration. Based on the results of the examination of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the language of the academic sphere standardization and taking into accordance general study of discursive fragments, as well as observation of oral scientific speech, the state of observance of the norms of word stress in the field of dentistry has been investigated. The paper emphasizes that the correct usage of accents is essential. Additionally, the mportance of the correct and normative interpretation by the researcher of scientific facts, the latest theories and hypotheses has been noted. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the standardization of the language of science has been highlighted, and the specifics of stress in the vocabulary of dental discourse bas been analyzed. In addition to this, the specifics of normative and non-normative word usage in modern written scientific speech have been interpreted. The authors of the article also attempt to analyze the scientific speech of the dental field, describe the characteristic features of the emphasis of the professional language of dentists, and present in details the most common accentuations and mistakes in their professional speech. Furthermore, cases of incorrect and inappropriate usage of professional terms stress have been compared and characterized. Based on the analysis of the source material, normative options for the accentuation of high-frequency terminology units in the dental industry have been proposed. The expediency of analyzing the correspondence of dental scientific speech to the basic communicative qualities of speech, accent, and lexical, grammatical and other norms of the modern Ukrainian literary language has been done. The research has been presented within the anthropocentric scientific paradigm. The work uses both general scientific (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, observation, comparison, generalization) and linguistic methods and techniques proper.

Letter from the Editors

Letter from the Editors Lisa Barg, Vanessa Blais-Tremblay, and Kimberly White We are honored and delighted to assume the editorship of Women & Music: A Journal of Gender and Culture. We are indebted to Emily Wilbourne for her inspiring leadership, work, and vision during her tenure as editor in chief, and we thank her for her expert guidance and consul over the past year. We also thank the selection committee, Suzanne G. Cusick, Olivia Bloechl, and Yun Emily Wang, for their encouragement and support. Our collective represents diversity in music research and language, as well as in professional and institutional affiliation, bringing together scholars working in traditional and nontraditional positions in Anglophone and Francophone academic spheres. As an editorial collective, we are committed to continuing the important critical and feminist work of the journal under the inspiring editorial leadership of Suzanne Cusick, Ellie Hisama, and Emily Wilbourne. We will prioritize inclusivity and diversity on all fronts. In addition to seeking out submissions on a wide variety of topics and across disciplinary and methodological perspectives, we strive to encourage and support early career scholars alongside established scholars. We also are excited to continue organizing special issues led by guest editors. The articles in this issue engage productively and imaginatively with themes of race, sexuality, and motherhood in a wide range of temporal and geographic fields. Francesca Inglese explores the role of women—particularly mothers—in klopse practices in post-apartheid Cape Town; Annie Kim considers how Camilla Williams used the disruptive potential of the phonograph to resound Black female subjectivity in her performance of Porgy and Bess; and Camille Rogers opens a conversation about comedy, sentimentality, and sexual violence in Così fan tutte. We are thrilled to be joined by Erin Johnson-Williams and Michelle Meinhart, who have coedited a partial special issue on sound studies and maternity. These [End Page vii] four articles delve into sound and birth during COVID-19; musical interventions in gestational labor; soundscapes of settler-colonial medicine; and stagings of maternal suffering on the operatic stage. Women & Music warmly welcomes innovative work, in both traditional and alternative formats and from diverse disciplinary perspectives, that focuses on gender and sexuality. We look forward to reading your submissions and thank you all in advance for considering Women & Music as a home for your work. [End Page viii] Copyright © 2022 Suzanne G. Cusick

The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Jordan during the period 1980-2022

The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment in Jordan during the period 1980-2022

공생(共生)의 재구(再構) : 대만과 중국의 미술교류

With the Handover of Hong Kong in 1997, China announced the principle of “one country, two systems” and demanded the democratic government of Taiwan to follow their “one China” campaign. As Taiwan’s political attitude toward China swayed between “anti-China” and “unification,” the cultural exchange between the two countries was repetitively paused and resumed as well. After the re-election of the Kuomintang in 2008, various plans regarding art exchanges between government offices were made in line with the concept of “Cross-Strait relations (Mainland– Taiwan relations).” By 2009, the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts (Taizhong) and the National Art Museum of China (Bejing) were considered as equivalents of each other, and thus, they sought to promote active exchanges of Contemporary art within themselves. As for the Taipei Palace Museum, they consistently promoted the exchange with the Mainland in the academic sphere, and later broaden it into exhibitions. In particular, the Special Exhibition Landscape Reunited: Huang Gongwang and “Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains ” at the Taipei Palace Museum held in 2011 was an event planned as a way to unify the Cross and the Strait through this encounter of artworks while being free from any conflict of political ideology. The exhibited collections of the National Palace Museum not only represented the national identity but also were the model of “Symbiosis” as “Taiwan of China,” and thereby, the exhibition could be regarded as an attempt to reconstruct the identity of Taiwan and China as a united country. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the pattern of the antagonistic conflict between unification and independence revealed in art exchanges between China and Taiwan in the context of Sinocentrism.

Truth and fake news in the classroom: the sense construction and the discoursive ethics in literacy practices

This paper aims to present a proposal of literacy practice, which reflects current and relevant topics such as truth (FOUCAULT, 2014) and the fake news (FONTANA, 2021), from the perspective of discourse ethics (SOUTO MAIOR, 2020). In this proposal, we articulate the reflection on those topics together with the production of a review – a textual genre widely used in the academic sphere. We situate our proposal in the perspective of Applied Linguistics (AL), by focusing on the issue of language as a social practice, which reflects constitutive aspects of society and culture that is crossed by discursive practices built from ideological threads (FABRÍCIO, 2006) and, for this reason, are present in literacy practices. In this proposal we have used the movie called "The invention of lying" (2009), because we could realize this movie as a useful resource that allow subjects to reflect about different aspects which they face in their social context and is related to writing and reading process in the world (LIMA; SOUTO MAIOR, 2020)

Ethical responsibility of universities: legal, social and political dimensions

The ethical responsibility of universities is embodied in the responsibility of university stakeholders who ensure the functioning of universities as social organizations designed to provide higher education. The research methodology consists of the theory of social systems, which includes institutional analysis, philosophy of communication and subordinate special methods, such as document analysis, value and functional analysis. Ethical responsibility of universities is specified in the specifics of the regulatory framework of ethical responsibility, educational vocation, ethics of responsibility, institutional principles of ethics of responsibility, the relationship of political and academic independence, academic freedom as a prerequisite for ethical responsibility of universities and their representatives. Ethical responsibility involves the acceptance by a person of moral and ethical norms – both universal academic ethical norms and moral and ethical norms adopted in the academic community of a particular university. Such acceptance presupposes both the recognition by the individual of certain academic values and academic virtues, and the responsibility for the consequences of his activity or inaction as a representative of the university or a participant in the organization of its functioning. This includes both compliance with the statutory norms of the university and compliance with a wider range of ethical norms – from universalist ethical norms to those recorded in international and domestic official documents governing activities and communication in the academic sphere. The article analyzes the main normative documents available in Ukraine and Europe, which regulate ethical responsibility in the educational sphere, also considers the specifics of university stakeholders and identifies the political component of ethical responsibility of universities in comparison with the responsibility of think tanks.

International Collaborative Experiences to Design Areas Prone to Flood: Intervention in the Southern part of Resistencia (Argentina)

The Brian A. Thomson Institute of Urban and Regional Planning of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the UNNE (Argentina) and the Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (Indonesia), have been developing joint activities within approved projects since 2015, as part of a framework of International Cooperation Agreement. Faced with the global context situation due to the Covid19 pandemic, where virtual activities flourished, it was considered an opportunity to bring together teams from both institutions in a joint activity. Therefore, an "International Workshop on Landscape 2020" was formulated to find better design schemes to mitigate the flood in the Southern area of Resistencia city in Argentina by implementing sustainable strategies to design flooding parks for recreational and absorbent purposes. With highly satisfactory outcomes prepared jointly by groups of students from both geographies, with the follow-up of coordinating Lecturers (Facilitators) and the participation of Keynote Speakers, a compendium was made for the formal transfer to the Local authorities, fostering the link between the academic spheres and society through a university extension mechanism. This article aimed to describe the collaborative work process, analyze the implemented methodologies, and lecturers and students' perceptions of this experience.

Culture Management through Prism Achievements of Kazakhstan Art

2021 year has become time for drawing the bottom line under the achievements in the field of culture and science for 30 years of independence of Kazakhstan. The high level of modern cultural potential, rich cultural heritage have become one of the leading factors in the formation of a positive image of Kazakhstan as a country with a distinctive culture and spiritual traditions that go deep into history. Creative personalities, public policy and private organizations contribute to the development and promotion of Kazakhstan’s art in the world, which invariably arouses interest of the world community. However, a problem of the popularization of Kazakh music, art, film and theater art is still relevant. In addition to examples of achievements and successful cases of Kazakhstan’s culture, in this article the authors try to consider the problem from the point of view of management in culture and show importance of the position of an art manager in the modern world of arts. To implement this issue, the authors studied publications on the achievements of various types of arts in recent years and also took into account reaction of domestic and foreign audiences to cultural products and projects from this area. This article lists specific achievements in the field of academic art. As the analysis of publications on this topic has shown, most of them were implemented by cultural figures in the last decade of independence of the republic. At the forefront is the question of the consistency and well-coordinated interaction of cultural management with the creative component of the academic sphere of art in Kazakhstan. And the most striking examples of successful cases of such interaction are given as well. This study has analytical value and can be presented at seminars and conferences as a demonstration of examples of achievements for reporting presentations in the year of the celebration of the thirtieth anniversary of Kazakhstan's independence.

Hate crimes and international institutions: A literature review

Abstract The paper reflects on academic literature on the international normative and institutional framework related to hate crimes. Various theoretical and pragmatic issues have been discussed by academic authors, such as the challenges coming with the obligation of states to record hate crimes or to conduct efficient investigation, the limits of the potential impact of international review mechanisms, or the aims and content of resolutions adopted by international institutions and judgments delivered by the European Court of Human Rights. However, a wide range of practical and conceptual issues related to the existing international standards and the efficiency of international review mechanisms remain to be discussed in the academic sphere.

REVISITING THE TERMINOLOGY OF BID'AH HASANAH AS A COUNTER DISCOURSE AGAINST BID'AH DALALAH IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE

Abstract: This paper is aimed to revisit the existence terminology of Bid’ah Hasanah (Good Innovation) in the public and academic sphere as a counter discourse against the dominance of established meaning of Bid’ah which in terms of Islamic Sharia is interpreted as an act of misguidance (Bid’ah Dalalah). Counter discourse is a way of thinking that opposes an institutionalized discourse. In this context, we try to investigate the emergence of this term and describe how it is expressed as an opposing thought against the negative meaning of Bid'ah which was discursively long-established in the public and academic sphere by conducting the grounded approach. The data collected is taken from a mini survey and some specific discourses related to this topic such as the discussions in some chapters of the Islamic teaching textbook, and discourses from the online sources including social media and some websites affiliated with certain religious groups. The result shows that the terminology of Bid’ah Hasanah is emerged and echoed by traditional religious groups to label the non-exclusive worships (Ghairu Mahdhah) that originally don’t require any special rules in its implementation. According to them, this term is retrieved and interpreted from several Hadiths and the words of the Prophet’s companions. In the public and academic sphere, this term is still being roughly debated by some religious groups, mainly the Salafis and the traditionals, due to their differences in the methodology of meaning to this term. The Salafis prioritize the textual rigorous Sharia meaning contained in this term, whereas traditional parties put forward the literal and original meaning in understanding this term.

"Honecker's Vassal" or a Prehistorian in the Service of Science? The Evaluation of Former East German Scholarship and the Concept of the Scholar in the Debate on Joachim Herrmann in Reunified Germany.

The evaluation and transformation process of the GDR research system in the wake of German reunification 1989/90 was immediately accompanied not only by debates within the scientific community, but also by an extensive discussion about the value and future perspectives of East German scholarship and its protagonists in the nationally circulated press. In 1990, the focus turned temporarily to the prominent East German prehistorian Joachim Herrmann after his election to the board of an international historical association. The article uses the example of Herrmann and the public discussion about him as a case study to examine the status of, and changes in, the authority of scholarship and the scholar in the context of the evaluation and restructuring of the East German research landscape in the early 1990s. A selection of press articles from nationwide German newspapers and newsmagazines, as well as archival letters exchanged between different participants in the debate serve as prisms carving out the central arguments and subjacent structures of the discussion. Therefore, Herrmann's case exposes generic characteristics of (different concepts of) scientific authority and the close connection between its negotiation and the search for identity in the newly reunited German academic sphere.