Academic Research Institutions Research Articles

Scientific Imprints, Commercial Footprints: The Paradox of Resources in Prod. of Science & Scientist

How do universities contribute to the economy? Despite elaborate efforts in policy and practice, academic research institutions struggle to fully realize their contribution to economically-relevant innovation. And the public is short changed in gaining access to the kinds of metrics that truly reflect the myriad of ways that academic science contributes to the economy. Doctoral recipients represent a vital role in the economy, by populating the scientific workforce, facilitating the transfer of technical and tacit knowledge among industry, government, and academia, and replenishing the intellectual stock of universities. And yet, our performance metrics reflecting university contributions to the economy largely overlook the production of scientists, which is arguably our most important source of technology transfer. Our current technology transfer metrics, either by design or in use, do little to acknowledge the people, practices, and relationships that are so critical to universities’ contributions to the economy. Furthermore, whereas the conditions for innovation, commercialization, and publication of science are well-studied, the conditions for the cultivation of scientists remains black boxed. We contend that the academic enterprise has ready access to a wealth of information to gauge their own standing, communicate their contributions to the public, and even improve local institutional performance with potentially less controversial, one-size-fits-all interventions. Policy and practice, however, have not made use of these data as much as they could. The challenge for academic institutions resides with how performance is measured or analyzed than what contributions academics make to the economy. We examine productivity among 1,205 scientists affiliated with Stanford University Medical School over a 16-year period in terms of 5 forms of scientific output, including (1) scholarly publications, (2) doctoral students, (3) participation on doctoral committees, (4) invention disclosures, and (5) licenses obtained from innovation disclosures. While science and commerce may go hand-in-hand between publications, and inventions, the relationship between corporate grants and other forms of scientific production is less clear. We find that the number and total size of corporate awards a scientist receives is associated with neither disclosure nor publication. Furthermore, the number of corporate awards has a negative association with doctoral student advising and committee membership, yet a positive association with successful licensing.

Analysis of Two Decades of Research on Marine Protected Areas in Malaysia (2001-2020): Knowledge Gap and Future Research Direction

The Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Malaysia was first recognised through the establishment of marine parks in the 90’s. This study provides analyses of the scientific literature on Malaysia’s MPAs published from 2001 to 2020, and discusses research trends, major knowledge gaps and directions for future research. To do so, a total of 113 selected scientific publications were analysed. The volume of research has increased rapidly in the last decade with the number of publications per year increasing from 1 in 2001 to 11 in 2020. Three main research indicators i. e. Biophysical, Socio-economic and Governance were used. The Biophysical indicator reveals great disparity with the majority of research focused on aspects of coral biology. Results also indicate that academic research has shown significant advances in the number of Socio-economic studies. Research was concentrated in three locations, i. e. Pulau Tioman, Pulau Redang and Pulau Payar. According to the bibliometric analysis, the top productive institutions were led by the Universiti Putra Malaysia. This study also addresses the research gap, explores new research opportunities and suggests future research directions for MPAs. The innovative technology element was identified as one of the priorities in future research. The current analysis highlighted the importance of collaboration and suggested that partnerships promoting synergistic activities between academic research institutes and the government sector could be the key to enhance and optimise the function of MPAs. In carrying out this review, the authors hope to 1.) Provide insight into the studies performed in MPAs of Malaysia, 2.) categorize areas where research has been conducted and also areas of concern or lacking data, and 3.) assist in guiding future research programs, for better understanding and management of the marine parks.

Аналіз фінансової спроможності країн Центральної Азії в контексті розриву торговельних ланцюгів через наслідки епідемії COVID-19

Introduction. The global epidemic of COVID-19, as well as armed aggression against Ukraine in 2022, significantly affected global trade and gave impetus to research on commodity supply chains. The strengthening of national protectionism tendencies requires experts to pay more attention to the financial situation of the countries - trade partners. For Ukraine, in particular, relations with the states of Central Asia - the former Soviet republics - remain important. Problem Statement. Study of the financial systems of the countries of Central Asia in the context of the influence of global and regional factors, taking into account the changes that occurred after the start of the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of the article is a scientific and practical assessment of the current situation of the financial sector of the countries of Central Asia, taking into account the peculiarities of the internal and external environment. Methods. Comparative (comparative-historical) analysis, qualitative and quantitative, taking into account the geographical, political, socio-economic specifics of each country under consideration. Results. Since gaining independence in 1991, Central Asian countries have been affected by a variety of events and currently exhibit significant disparities in terms of GDP and per capita income. The situation in each of them is determined both by internal factors inherent in their political and socio-economic systems, and by the action of global, including geopolitical and historical, factors. The ability of local banking institutions to meet their external obligations is inversely proportional to the external debt of their countries. Conclusions. Currently, after the start of open armed aggression against Ukraine, based on the available statistical sources, it is impossible to predict the further development of the financial sector of the Central Asian countries, in particular due to the threat of direct annexation attempts by the Russian Federation. At the same time, due to the importance of trade and economic relations with these states, there is a need for its further research and monitoring, including using the resources of national academic research institutions.

Developing a Conceptual Partner Matching Framework for Digital Green Innovation of Agricultural High-End Equipment Manufacturing System Toward Agriculture 5.0: A Novel Niche Field Model Combined With Fuzzy VIKOR.

Digital green innovation (DGI) is the core factor that affects the digitalization and decarbonization strategy of agricultural high-end equipment manufacturing (AHEM) system. Although AHEM enterprises actively cooperate with academic research institutes to develop agricultural high-end equipment, there are many obstacles in the process of DGI. Moreover, the integration of digital technology and green innovation from the perspective of partner matching for the AHEM system has not been fully introduced in current literature. Hence, this study aimed to (i) establish a suitable framework system for the AHEM system in general, (ii) quantify the selection of DGI by academic research institutions based on niche theory, and (iii) propose an extended niche field model combined with fuzzy VIKOR model. First, a theoretical framework consisting of three core elements of technology superposition, mutual benefit, and mutual trust, and technological complementarity was constructed based on niche intensity and niche overlap degree. DGI ability superposition of technology, mutual trust, and technical complementarity are beneficial for transferring DGI knowledge from academic research institutes to the AHEM industry. Second, triangle fuzzy number and prospect theory combined with the VIKOR method were introduced into the field theory to construct the complementary field model of DGI resources. The niche field model has been successfully applied to practical cases to illustrate how the model can be implemented to solve the problem of DGI partner selection. Third, the results of a case study show that the criteria framework and the niche field model can be applied to real-world partner selection for AHEM enterprises. This study not only puts forward the standard framework of niche fitness evaluation based on niche theory but also establishes the niche domain model of innovation partner selection management based on niche theory. The standard framework and novel niche field model can help enterprises to carry out digital green innovation in the development of high-end agricultural equipment. The study has the following theoretical and practical implications: (i) constructing a criteria framework based on niche theory; (ii) developing a novel niche field model for DGI partner selection of AHEM enterprises; and (iii) assisting AHEM enterprises to perform DGI practice.

Award rate inequities in biomedical research

PurposeThe analysis of existing institutional research proposal databases can provide novel insights into science funding parity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between race/ethnicity and extramural research proposal and award rates across a medical school faculty and to determine whether there was evidence that researchers changed their submission strategies because of differential inequities across submission categories.MethodThe authors performed an analysis of 14,263 biomedical research proposals with proposed start dates between 2010–2022 from the University of Michigan Medical School, measuring the proposal submission and award rates for each racial/ethnic group across 4 possible submission categories (R01 & Equivalent programs, other federal, industry, and non-profit).ResultsResearchers from each self-identified racial/ethnic group (Asian, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino) pursued a different proposal submission strategy than the majority group (White). The authors found that Black/African American researchers experienced negative award rate differentials across all submission categories, which resulted in the lowest R01 & Equivalent and Other Federal submission rates of any racial/ethnic group and the highest submission rate to non-profit sources. The authors did not find support for the hypothesis that researchers changed submission strategies in response to award rate inequalities across submission categories.ConclusionsBiomedical researchers from different racial/ethnic groups follow markedly different proposal submission strategies within the University of Michigan Medical School. There is also a clear relationship between race/ethnicity and rates of proposal award. Black/African American and Asian researchers appear disadvantaged across all submission categories relative to White researchers. This study can be easily replicated by other academic research institutions, revealing opportunities for positive intervention.

Community Innovation and Regional Sustainability: A Case Study of Environmental Health Education in Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University

Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital is located in southern Kaohsiung City, a major nexus of land, sea, and air transportation. Thus, the hospital is on the frontlines of strengthening Kaohsiung International Airport's epidemic prevention measures and preventing the spread of COVID-19 and other epidemic viruses to Taiwan from other countries. Kaohsiung Medical University integrates on-campus academic research, teaching services, and medical institution resources and has long promoted community care plans in conjunction with the public sector. A disused public sector space repurposed by the university into a distinctive day care center is being further used as a service-learning platform linking medical education to communities, allowing university students to enter the community and apply what they have learned to improve quality of life, community health, and well-being. "Happy Kaohsiung Healthy City-Siaogang District Environmental Education and Health Promotion Sustainable Development Plan", which responds to the issues and needs of air pollution and health promotion in the city's Siaogang District, designates Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital as the core base of local practice, connecting multidisciplinary schools and units as well as cross-regional resources to promote practical programs such as air quality talent education, environmental testing and research, campus health education and publicity, air pollution syllabus, and community care and care, fulfilling the university's social responsibilities.

Handling of college students’ network public opinion crisis based on big data analysis

As an important public utility organization and academic research institute, Colleges feature high density people, high social attention, and relatively free atmosphere of interchange ideas, where network opinion crisis are frequent. Therefore, it is critical for colleges to concentrate more on the control and management of the network opinion crisis. In the paper, it compares events of college students’ online public opinion crisis with other references. Social online public opinion crisis solutions is use for reference. Aiming at the peculiarities of college students’ mental health, it is concluded the research coping strategies based on innovative and comprehensive use of big data technology. We establish a complete emergency protection system to effectively deal with the mental health problems of college students.

Accelerating clinical trial development in vaccinology: COVID-19 and beyond.

The remarkable success of the US government-backed COVID-19 vaccine development in 2020 offers several lessons on how to effectively foster rapid vaccine discovery and development. Conceptually, the formation of a public–private partnership that included innovative government and academic involvement at all levels of the program was instrumental in promulgating and overseeing the effort. Decades of NIH-sponsored research on vaccine backbones, immunogen design, and clinical trial operations enabled evaluation of vaccine candidates within months of pathogen discovery. Operation Warp Speed fostered industry participation, permitted accelerated movement from preclinical/early phase to efficacy trials, and developed structured clinical trial testing that allowed independent assessment of, yet reasonable comparison between, each vaccine platform by harmonizing protocols, endpoints, laboratories, and statistical analytical criteria for efficacy. This coordinated effort by the US government, pharmaceutical companies, regulators, and academic research institutions resulted in the streamlined, safe, and transparent development and deployment of multiple COVID-19 vaccines in under a year. Lessons learned from this collaborative endeavor should be used to advance additional vaccines of public health importance.

Sociodemographic characteristics and cervical cancer survival in different regions of the United States: a National Cancer Database study

ObjectiveTo determine how sociodemographic factors impact cervical cancer survival in different geographic locations in the USA.MethodsA retrospective cohort of patients with cervical cancer from January 1, 2004 to December 31,...

Elektronische Laborbücher in der Praxis: Folgen und Nutzen digitaler Forschungsdokumentation

Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELN) support transparent documentation of research processes, facilitate project-based team science and scientific exchange with cooperation partners. To foster transparency, cooperation, and knowledge transfer, academic research institutions increasingly support the use of ELN. Using the example of the institutional implementation of ELN at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, this article reflects on the social innovation potential of such a project. Based on the observation that researchers need to adapt routines in order to use ELN effectively and in line with institutional goals, this article emphasizes the social character of digital research documentation and the need to create awareness of this social character at all organizational levels. Furthermore, the development of social practices must be integrated early in higher education.

How COVID-19 changed clinical research strategies: a global survey.

ObjectiveClinical research has faced new challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to excessive operational demands affecting all stakeholders. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on clinical research strategies and compared different adaptations by regulatory bodies and academic research institutions in a global context, exploring what can be learned for possible future pandemics.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey and identified and assessed different COVID-19-specific adaptation strategies used by academic research institutions and regulatory bodies.ResultsAll 19 participating academic research institutions developed and followed similar strategies, including preventive measures, manpower recruitment, and prioritisation of COVID-19 projects. In contrast, measures for centralised management or coordination of COVID-19 projects, project preselection, and funding were handled differently amongst institutions. Regulatory bodies responded similarly to the pandemic by implementing fast-track authorisation procedures for COVID-19 projects and developing guidance documents. Quality and consistency of the information and advice provided was rated differently amongst institutions.ConclusionBoth academic research institutions and regulatory bodies worldwide were able to cope with challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic by developing similar strategies. We identified some unique approaches to ensure fast and efficient responses to a pandemic. Ethical concerns should be addressed in any new decision-making process.

Conditions and prerequisites for the development of network forms of innovative entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan

The purpose of this study is to theoretically substantiate the need for the development in Kazakhstan of such network forms of innovative entrepreneurship organization as research firms. In the study, general and particular methods of economic research were used: the method of comparison and generalization, the method of expert assessments based on the analysis and synthesis of world experience in the development of innovative entrepreneurship, in particular through the development of network interaction of key participants in the scientific and innovative process. A research firm is a form of innovative entrepreneurship organization, primarily focused on the initiation, development and maintenance of new knowledge production processes, through the implementation of the main stages of research and development of prototypes, followed by a stage of practical application and introduction of new knowledge in the form of innovation. The research firm interprets and qualifies the disciplinary diversity of the experience of its employees and their competencies as a potential opportunity and asset for creative activity in the production and application of knowledge. The research firm is interested in creating networks with universities and other research institutes, driven by the desire to gain access to fundamental university research and their further transformation into an entrepreneurial asset. Thus, in accordance with world practice, one of the main directions of development of research firms in the modern economy is effective cooperation with academic research institutes and universities, which is not practiced at all in Kazakhstan. Therefore, it is within the framework of the functioning of research firms that the conflicting commercial and scientific interests of the main participants in scientific and innovative activities, including universities and research institutes, can be maximally harmonized.

Economics of open source tools for open data and open science in the Digital Moldova

The research results data in the Internet era have become a valuable resource, similar to natural mineral resources in Industrial era. In a tendency to save resources (financial, human, time, etc.), academia, governments and businesses around the world are increasingly adopting Open Source solutions.
 In Moldova there is a range of academic research institutions that have been collecting large amounts of data in their many years of research. On one hand, there is lack of tools able to process and reuse such data; on the other hand, it is very unlikely that research institutions will acquire modern and performing tools for using this data. Collaboration between academia, business and government should be a “must” principle in this synergic process. The governance of all these aspects is the key in thriving the potential of an open digital society through the collaboration with all stakeholders.
 This paper explores the opportunities of the use of open source software for the re-evaluation of the open research data in Moldova. We will address this issue in the context of the ongoing State program on scientific data infrastructure, examine benefits of open source Economics and finally, analyze incentives that could contribute to the Open Data commitment for Open Science in the Digital Moldova environment.

Activities of SB RAS scientific libraries for heritage preservation of Siberian scientists (to the 120th anniversary of T. T. Deulya birth)

Libraries of institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) conduct elucidative activities, promoting popularization of knowledge, advancemtnt of the ideas of scientists, propagation of the achievements of regional science through the creation of information resources of their own generation. The Central Scientific Library of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSL INTS SB RAS) maintains the electronic catalog of scientific publications held in its collections, as well as the Consolidated electronic catalog of publications from the collections of libraries of academic research institutes and institutions of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region. The Central Scientific Library plans to create electronic memorial libraries dedicated to outstanding Siberian scientists.The article presents the results of biobibliographic studies, which made it possible to identify new materials about one of the initiators of the creation of the Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Irkutsk, Taras Timofeevich Deulya (1901–1974), Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor of Irkutsk State University (ISU), scientist, teacher and public activist. In particular, the exact date of birth was established, the list of his unpublished works was discovered. Based on the collected material, the website will be created dedicated to the life and work of T. T. Deulya.

Moving beyond annual data reports: A blueprint for communicating and disseminating actionable intelligence.

Identifying and disseminating actionable intelligence is a challenging task that requires thoughtful planning. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences instituted the Common Metrics Initiative with the goal of evaluating the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Programs using a standard set of metrics. Initially managed by Tufts University, the Center for Leading Innovation and Collaboration (CLIC) at the University of Rochester began leading this initiative in 2017. In directing this work, CLIC created a framework for communicating and disseminating data insights. Insights to Inspire emerged from the need to share strategies and lessons learned to improve metric performance at the local level to a network of 60+ academic research institutions. Insights to Inspire employs a mixed methods approach for translating data into actionable intelligence. A series of blogs, webinars, and webcasts were designed to communicate metric-specific strategies used by individual sites to the broader CTSA consortium. A dissemination plan to expand the reach beyond metric stakeholders utilized focused communications including social media channels, network newsletters, and presentations at national meetings. This framework serves as a blueprint for other national evaluation programs interested in a systematic approach to using data insights for continuous improvement.

УСЛОВИЯ И ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ РАЗВИТИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ СЕТЕВЫХ ФОРМ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА

The purpose of this study is to theoretically substantiate the need for the development in Kazakhstan of such network forms of innovative entrepreneurship organization as research firms. In the study, general and particular methods of economic research were used: the method of comparison and generalization, the method of expert assessments based on the analysis and synthesis of world experience in the development of innovative entrepreneurship, in particular through the development of network interaction of key participants in the scientific and innovative process. A research firm is a form of innovative entrepreneurship organization, primarily focused on the initiation, development and maintenance of new knowledge production processes, through the implementation of the main stages of research and development of prototypes, followed by a stage of practical application and introduction of new knowledge in the form of innovation. The research firm interprets and qualifies the disciplinary diversity of the experience of its employees and their competencies as a potential opportunity and asset for creative activity in the production and application of knowledge. The research firm is interested in creating networks with universities and other research institutes,driven by the desire to gain access to fundamental university research and their further transformation into an entrepreneurial asset. Thus, in accordance with world practice, one of the main directions of development of research firms in the modern economy is effective cooperation with academic research institutes and universities, which is not practiced at all in Kazakhstan. Therefore, it is within the framework of the functioning of research firms that the conflicting commercial and scientific interests of the main participants in scientific and innovative activities, including universities and research institutes, can be maximally harmonized.

УСЛОВИЯ И ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ РАЗВИТИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ СЕТЕВЫХ ФОРМ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА

The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the need for the development in Kazakhstan of such network forms of innovative entre- preneurship organization as research firms. In the study, general and particular methods of economic research were used: the method of comparison and gene-ralization, the method of expert assessments based on the analysis and synthe- sis of world experience in the development of innovative entrepreneurship, in particular through the development of network interaction of key participants in the scientific and innovative process. A research firm is a form of innova- tive entrepreneurship organization, primarily focused on the initiation, deve-lopment and maintenance of new knowledge production processes, through the implementation of the main stages of research and development of prototypes, followed by a stage of practical application and introduction of new knowledge in the form of innovation. The research firm interprets and qualifies the disci- plinary diversity of the experience of its employees and their competencies as a potential opportunity and asset for creative activity in the production and application of knowledge. The research firm is interested in creating networks with universities and other research institutes, driven by the desire to gain ac- cess to fundamental university research and their further transformation into an entrepreneurial asset. Thus, in accordance with world practice, one of the main directions of development of research firms in the modern economy is ef- fective cooperation with academic research institutes and universities, which is not practiced at all in Kazakhstan. Therefore, it is within the framework of the functioning of research firms that the conflicting commercial and scientific in- terests of the main participants in scientific and innovative activities, including universities and research institutes, can be maximally harmonized.

Dynamic Automated Infrastructure for Efficient Cloud Data Centre

We propose a dynamic automated infrastructure model for the cloud data centre which is aimed as an efficient service stipulation for the enormous number of users. The data center and cloud computing technologies have been at the moment rendering attention to major research and development efforts by companies, governments, and academic and other research institutions. In that, the difficult task is to facilitate the infrastructure to construct the information available to application-driven services and make business-smart decisions. On the other hand, the challenges that remain are the provision of dynamic infrastructure for applications and information anywhere. Further, developing technologies to handle private cloud computing infrastructure and operations in a completely automated and secure way has been critical. As a result, the focus of this article is on service and infrastructure life cycle management. We also show how cloud users interact with the cloud, how they request services from the cloud, how they select cloud strategies to deliver the desired service, and how they analyze their cloud consumption.

API Development Increases Access to Shared Computing Resources at Boston University.

Within the last few decades, increases in computational resources have contributed enormously to the progress of science and engineering (S & E). To continue making rapid advancements, the S & E community must be able to access computing resources. One way to provide such resources is through High-Performance Computing (HPC) centers. Many academic research institutions offer their own HPC Centers but struggle to make the computing resources easily accessible and user-friendly. Here we present SHABU, a RESTful Web API framework that enables S & E communities to access resources from Boston University's Shared Computing Center (SCC). The SHABU requirements are derived from the use cases described in this work.

Historical stages of development of the Yalta Scientific Phthisiological School: to the 100th Anniversary of the founding of the Yalta Clinical Tuberculosis Institute

An overview of the activities of the scientific phthisiology and balneology school on the southern coast of Crimea, starting from the creation in 1922 of the Yalta Clinical Tuberculosis Institute is presented. Since 2020, the activities of the successor of “Academic Research Institute of Physical Methods of Treatment, Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation named after. I.M. Sechenov” is focused on the problem of rehabilitative treatment of patients who have felt COVID-19. The history of the Institute is an example of the persistence and constant desire of the team to preserve and increase the traditions of the national medical school.