Academic History Research Articles

Representation of the Kazakhstani famine (1931–33) in secondary school history textbooks, 1992–2021

ABSTRACT This paper studies the role of textbook authors when portraying the Kazakhstani famine of 1931–33 in textbooks printed between 1992 and 2021 for the secondary school subject ‘The History of Kazakhstan’. Drawing on a multilayered and inter-discursive analysis of seven of these textbooks, and after 10 interviews with curriculum developers and textbook authors, this paper argues that authorship agencies have reflected a level of ambivalence: on the cause(s) of the famine; on their evaluation of it as a tragedy or as a genocide; on the identification of the perpetrators and victims; and the people’s revolt against the collectivization. The textbook authors have echoed the narratives from the cautious approach to the famine’s commemoration portrayed in state-led nation-building, to those in Kazakh nationalist narratives and the academic history. The results of this paper oppose the general assumption that textbook narratives are merely constructed from ‘above’ in a non-democratic state such as Kazakhstan.

Nationwide Bibliometric Analysis of Integrated Plastic Surgery Program Directors.

We identified plastic surgery programs based on 2021 Doximity reputation and research output rankings, respectively, and then divided them into four quartiles (Q1-Q4). PD academic history and bibliometric indices (h-index, the number of publications, and citations) were collected through Doximity profiles and program websites: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Eighty-four programs were identified. There was a significant positive relationship between h-index, the number of publications, and type of research with reputation ranking (P < 0.05). After adjusting for years of experience post-training, h-index (OR = 1.24; P < 0.001) and the number of publications (OR = 1.05, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with reputation ranking. There was a statistically significant relationship between PD research fellowship completion and research output ranking (P < 0.01). After adjusting for years of experience post-training, h-index (OR = 1.05; P = 0.047) and the number of publications (OR = 1.01; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with research output ranking. Higher ranked programs tend to have PDs who have a strong record of scholarly activity, as evidenced by certain bibliometric indices.

Peer reference and the out-of-the-building experience

PurposeThis article conceptualizes essential keys to the future of peer reference in academic libraries as extrapolated through the dual lenses of academic library history in the United States of America and recent experiences of a peer program with prospective and actual out-of-the-building experiences.Design/methodology/approachA 30,000-foot historical view of the dispositions of space in academic library buildings, collections, spaces, technology and reference provision is integrated with a description of the responses and insights of a peer reference program during the program's prospective and actual out-of-the-building experiences. These components are then analyzed to extrapolate keys to peer reference provision in any learning environment.FindingsPeer reference is a natural extension of the Learning Commons model as developed in many academic libraries. To find optimal success in leveraging the benefits of peer-to-peer learning, program coordinators should keep in mind the social aspects of peer learning and intentionally articulate a framework for service delivery that best matches the modalities of providers, patrons and the information environment. In reviewing training and service practices, coordinators should be particularly on guard for any bias due to traditional reliance on the affordances of a library building and/or physical service point.Originality/valueThis article founds its conclusions in regard to the future of peer reference by contextualizing the evolution and future of such programs in the wider historical context of academic library dispositions of space in support of learning. It proposes a conceptual framework for intentionally matching the modalities of providers, patrons and the information environment.

Models, objects, and ghosts: visualizing history

Why is contemporary academic history mainly practiced through writing, while visualization of history is msotly found in museums and in non-academic genres? This essay explores five different methods of visualizing history to provide a starting point for discussions of the value of visualizations. The methods are first historical paintings, either contemporary with the events depicted or created later for the promotion of narratives. Then models are explored, both physical and virtual, followed by the practice of using ghosts to recreate the human actors of the past. The last methods are imagetexts, as introduced to the theorist William J.T. Mitchell and finally objects as a way of representing historical data. As the field of historical visualization as vast and growing, this essay hopes to inspire further discussion on the matter and possible help change to focus on text alone in academic writing.

Marshallese Women and Oral Traditions: Navigating a Future for Pacific History

Abstract: First published just over three decades ago, Teresia Teaiwa's "Microwomen: US Colonialism and Micronesian Women Activists" calls attention to the absence of Micronesian women in academic histories. The paper came out of a Pacific History Association conference panel aimed at amplifying the voices of women in histories of Micronesia, which, Teaiwa argued, remained "deafeningly silent on women" (1992, 126). While progress has been made in the thirty years since, Micronesian women remain underrepresented in academic histories. Using Marshallese oral traditions as a guide, this article argues that re-centering women in histories of Micronesia remains essential to the decolonization of Pacific Islands history, not only for the sake of representation but also as a necessary step in the ongoing development of historical methods more reflective of Indigenous historicities.

EL LENGUAJE DE LOS HUESOS. DIÁLOGOS ENTRE PALEONTÓLOGOS Y ARQUEÓLOGOS EN EL MUSEO DE LA PLATA

This paper presents a historical outlook of the scientific and academic track of, at least, two disciplines that used to work together on the palaeoenvironment and its transformation since humans’ appearance. This inter and multidisciplinary practice became consolidated as the zooarchaeological research line that currently has great development not only in Argentina but also in the world. In this long academic history, Ameghino’s ideas have been proven steadily to the present. Our goal is to display the main concepts from the interdisciplinary production of biologists and archaeologists working in the Pampean and Patagonian regions.

Российская достоевистика 1844–2020 годов в зеркале больших данных

The development of information technology gradually turned Digital Humanities into a new hotspot in the fi eld of humanities research. The combination of data analysis and humanities research, the data-based thinking and presentation of research objects, will open up a new path for the studies in academic history. This article attempts to use data technology to analyze the research documents of Russian studies on Dostoevsky from 1844 to 2020, and to visualize the development track, research topics and research of representative Dostoevsky scholars, so as to comprehensively outline the development process, appearance, characteristics and rules of Dostoevsky studies in Russia, sort and analyze the methods and achievements by big data analysis in Dostoevsky studies.

Examining the potential of machine learning for predicting academic achievement: A systematic review

Predicting student academic performance is a critical area of education research. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have gained significant popularity in recent years. The capability to forecast student performance empowers universities to devise an intervention strategy either at the beginning of a program or during a semester, which allows them to tackle any issues that may arise proactively. This systematic literature review provides an overview of the present state of the field under investigation, including the most commonly employed ML techniques, the variables predictive of academic performance, and the limitations and challenges of using ML to predict academic success. Our review of 60 studies published between January 2019 to March 2023 reveals that ML algorithms can be highly effective in predicting student academic performance. ML models can analyse various variables, including demographics, socioeconomic status, and academic history, to identify patterns and relationships that can predict academic performance. However, several limitations need to be addressed, such as the inconsistency in the variables used, small sample sizes, and the failure to consider external factors that may impact academic performance. Future research needs to address these limitations to develop more robust prediction models. Machine learning can fuse data from various sources like test scores like Coursera, edX Open edX, Udemy, linkedin learning, learn words, and hacker’s rank platform etc, attendance, and online activity to help educators better understand student needs and improve teaching, can use for better decision. In conclusion, ML has emerged as a promising approach for predicting student academic performance in online learning environments. Despite the current limitations, the continued refinement of ML techniques, the use of additional variables, and the incorporation of external factors will lead to more robust models and greater accuracy in predicting academic performance.

ПРО 111 ЩОРІЧНУ МІЖНАРОДНУ КОНФЕРЕНЦІЮ ДОСЛІДНИКІВ ІСТОРІЇ МИСТЕЦТВА

The review is dedicated to covering the program and topics of the Annual scientific conference of the College Art Association (САА), which took place in New York in February 2023. This conference is one of the most important scientific events in the fields of academic art history, history and theory of design, visual culture studies, museology, and curatorial practices. The program of the 2023 conference demonstrated that art historians strive to expand methodological approaches and build research in intermedial and transcultural perspectives, while artists and designers aim to meet the current challenges of the epoch and the needs of society.

History as capture

AbstractMyth, hype and industry-captured historiographies of AI, machine learning and computing depict the current moment as a unique and unprecedented confrontation with computational power, paying particular attention to the devastating effects this has on vulnerable communities (better: communities made vulnerable). But automated decision schemes are neither new nor newly urgent; they are the inheritance of almost seventy years of computing history, a history that has never not been entangled with state repression, genocidal and ecocidal violence and racialized expropriation. Carceralilty and artificial intelligence have a shared history, and the entanglements between them remain underappreciated by history writing on computing – despite the near-universal injunction to leverage history as a means to critique and counteract the cultural hegemony of computing. This paper examines some of the tensions underlying such calls for historical critique, calling into question the efficacy of such a project. I offer a study of the complex senses of history and development at work in the 2006 International Congress of Mathematics, discuss recent historiographies of computing (and science) from guild historians, and describe the ways academic history writing reproduces the same relations of dominance and campaigns of creation and conservation that scaffold mathematics and artificial intelligence.

Study on the temple and its governance in Song Dynasty-- A review of academic history

Study on the temple and its governance in Song Dynasty-- A review of academic history

Methodological Aspects of the First Foreign Language for History and Archaeology Bachelors

The present study aims at methodological grounding of the specific types of foreign language competences for non-philology faculty students enrolled in the First Foreign Language (English) course taught within the first (bachelor) level of the academic professional program 0.32 History and Archaeology. The suggested methodological and conceptual basis outlined in the research has a concrete practical application to address university language teachers in non-philology faculties, curricula designers, professionals, researchers or practitioners in the field of foreign language teaching. The competency-based foreign language author methodology is practically exemplified in the study as a collaborative teacher-student(s) foreign language learning experience to reinforce cognitive competences through brainstorming, intellectual communication and research via formative e-learning educational and methodological complex, its development and implementation. An overall history study is essentially focused on the concept of historical thinking, specifying such cognitive skills as significance, primary source evidence, continuity and change, cause and consequence, historical perspective-taking, the ethical dimension as key research matters of academic history discourse. The fundamental meaning-making aspects of historical accounts theoretically and empirically substantiate that history and historical knowledge are always culturally predetermined, dynamic and open to contestation and discussion. Within the conceptual-methodological model, the issue is open to a broad scientific analysis in terms of cognitive competences in professional history and archaeology settings as well as in the field of competency-based foreign language learning deploying spoken and written discourse for special purposes. Pragmatic competence encompasses discursive strategies of organizing and structuring the general and professional or specialised discourse in terms of its coherence, cohesion, thematic organization, logical reasoning, as well as functional action-oriented knowledge via general or professional-oriented communicative functions performing. From the foreign language studying perspective multimodality approach has clearly envisaged as progressive constituent for further research under the competency-based foreign language learning methodology to apply in non-linguistic specialties.

21세기 문명전환과 직업으로서 역사가

Today, history at universities is in crisis, but public history outside of academic history becomes increasingly important and prosperous. Public history does not make history an exclusive property of historians, but pursues history of the public, by the public, for the public. Those who carries out public history as a profession realize their identity as historians rather than as scholarly historians. With the end of the Gutenberg Galaxy, public historians enjoy their heyday thanks to Internet, which is in turn flooded with fake histories. In the post-truth era, the importance of historical studies seeking the truth of the past has been more emphasized, but the role of historians communicating with the public also needs to be strengthened.BR Academic history in Korea was established on the basis of the three-division system of National history-Eastern history-Western history, formulated by Japanese historians of the Meiji period. Based on this three-division system, the Korean system of history research and education was established, and the curriculum and faculty of the history department were formed at universities. However, in order to respond to the civilizational turn and the rise of Korea’s global status in the 21st century, it is necessary to dismantle the three-division system and attempt to reconstruct history from the perspective of global civilization history. As the Anthropocene mass extinction crisis becomes more and more an immediate reality due to global warming, it is also suggested that the goal of history should shift from modernization to ecologicalization. In order to achieve such a transition of civilization, more Big historians are required to contribute to broadening the horizon of historical cognition to the earth and the universe.

Spuścizna niemiecka, kierunek Polski. Zbiór reprodukcji Seminarium Historii Sztuki na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim (1919–1939)

In 1919, the authorities of the newly established University of Poznan took over the buildings and movable property of the German Royal Academy, which had functioned in Poznan between 1903 and 1918. The Seminar of Art History, which was organised at the time, acquired, among other things, a collection of 4,000 slides and 4,000 reproductions which had been used in teaching art history at the German university. Thanks to the first Polish professor of art history, Szczęsny Dettloff, the collection began to grow. Dettloff, one of the fathers of academic art history in Poland, understood perfectly the need to expand the university’s research workshop: the library and the reproduction collection. He built a Polish photo library at the University of Poznan on the basis of the existing German reproduction collection and a set of diapositives acquired in 1919 from the Museum of Wielkopolska (the collection after the German Kaiser Friedrich Museum). The article describes the reproduction collection in the inter-war period, indicates its state of preservation and analyses the role of the local collection in the academic teaching of art history (in the context of the programme of studies, but also of trips for students).

晦峯 河謙鎭의 經學

Hoebong Ha Gyeom-jin (1870~1946), the author of 『Dongyuhakan』 that outlined the traditional academics in a type of study scheme, a descriptive method of traditional academic history of Asia studied under the tutelage of Myeonwoo Gwak Jong-seok (1846~1919) to succeed the academic line of Janju Academic Faction.&#x0D; This article is a review of the Gyeonghak (Chinese Classics) perspective with the focus around the analysis of ｢Kang Yu-wi Noneojuseojobyeon｣ that was written in 1934 when he was 65 years of age. 『Noneoju (Annotation of the Analects of Confucius)』 of Kang Yu-wi, the subject of criticism, was an attempt of new annotation on ‘Saseo (Four Books of Chinese Classics)’ of Confucianism under the tradition of Geummun Gyeonghak in early 20th century. In this aspect, this refutation for each category on 『Noneoju』 of Kang Yu-wi could be understood as to demonstrate the academic position and level of Joseon’s renowned Confucianism scholar of 65 years old who has already solidify his academic position of his time. On the other hand, In 1934, a Confucius scholar of Joseon who was passing by the core of Japanese colonial period had the criticism on the writings of China’s Geummun Gyeonghak scholars that seemed as an attempt to correspond to its time in a way of taking a profound look at how to view to advance the insight on its time of 20th century as well as studies on Confucianism.&#x0D; Looking into the criticism of Ha Gyeom-jin, he refuted the assertion of ｢Noneojuseo｣ of Kang Yu-wi with the courteous theory of Confucianism principles for each category. He criticized the texts based on Kang Yu-wi and defended the scholarship of Jeungja, and sharply criticized the principle of Daedong that was advocated by Kang Yu-wi. The theory that was most aggressively facilitated in such a criticism was the Confucian orthodoxy. It was also penetrating in another writing, 『Dongyuhakan』. Under the desperate situation of the Japanese colonial era, straightening up the collapsing tradition was approached as the inevitable premises and the restoration of Dotong was to restore the collapsing Confucianism principle as the true and genuine system once again.&#x0D; However, this type of route for such perspective is to overcome the chaotic status of the time and ultimately progress into the Daedong community by overlooking the implication of time passing for academic contemplation of Kang Yu-wi. Ha Gyeom-jin purely and firmly kept the position of traditional Confucianism scholarship and he had the response on the changing image of the time, but it is called for more criticizing perspective on the outcome and its implication.

Classic Text No. 133: 'Maxwell Jones and the Therapeutic Community', by David Millard (1996).

This text was David Millard's departing gift to a field to which he had contributed for 30 years, as practitioner and later as Lecturer in Applied Social Studies and editor of the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities. Charting the chronology of Maxwell Jones's career as a world-renowned psychiatrist and therapeutic community pioneer, Millard contrasts Jones's contribution at Mill Hill with Tom Main's at Northfield. Jones's most distinctive contribution was allowing patients to become auxiliary therapists and freeing nurses from the nursing hierarchy. Focusing on a subset of therapeutic communities in adult psychiatry, Millard's paper is not an academic history of therapeutic communities as such. The roles of happenstance and positive deviance are demonstrated in the way change occurs in therapeutic communities. The 'charisma question' is briefly explored.

Тувинская традиция передачи старых детских вещей эргинди

Introduction. The article discusses an essential upcycling practice to have existed in various local cultures of the past — and still observable in different forms. Goals. The study aims at describing and analyzing a contemporary form of the children’s clothing sharing tradition of Tuvans, indigenous population of the Tyva Republic. The former is viewed as a local traditional variant of upcycling. The tradition proper has no special name in Tuvan culture but there are several Tuvan terms to denote old things. The most common one is ergindi — ‘old stuff’. The paper draws examples to introduce present-day patterns of the tradition and outlines it, since the latter has been totally uninvestigated. Materials and methods. The study comprises autoethnographic observations, employs anthropological methods and data from related academic disciplines, including philology, linguoculturology, and history. Results and conclusions. Tuvan folklore and ethnic literary narratives, 19th and 20th century ethnographic publications do mention the practice, the latter to be confirmed by stories of Tuvan elders about their childhood, family customs. The tradition was not only to save money or instruct people to handle things carefully but also illustrated special attitudes of Tuvans towards children, and furthermore acted as a kinship maintenance mechanism. Similar characteristics are inherent to contemporary patterns. Nevertheless, the paper also lists some innovations, e.g., expanded categories of things involved (children’s clothes proper be added to with clothes for pregnant women, children’s implements, toys, books), sharing not only with relatives, use of national costumes once owned by relatives, etc.

Disciplined Sciences?

The historiography of individual academic subjects and disciplines is an indispensable part of both university history and the history of science. Scientific disciplines are a relatively recent phenomenon from the university-historical perspective of longue durée, whose study has nevertheless undergone some striking developments in the past forty years. At the level of the historiography of disciplines, structural patterns of academic subject histories are highlighted, leading from the philosophy of science of the 1970s to the cultural turns of the 1990s and 2000s. Disciplines are partial results of a broader process of diversification, fragmentation, and specialisation that began as early as the eighteenth century. This survey reconstructs processes of disciplinary differentiation and disciplining from the order of faculties to the “regime of disciplines” in the transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century, focusing on the University of Göttingen as a dynamic hub of development. Using the example of German universities, the genealogies of individual chairs, subjects, and disciplines are traced. Special attention is paid to the dual character of disciplining as a submission to a system of rules and the organisation of knowledge.

A Christian Perspective on Explorations of Shared Narrative of Religions and Its Significance to Islamic Studies, Islamic Thought, and Well Living

This paper discusses the shared narrative of religions to Islamic Studies and Islamic Thought to find its content and relate it to the two fields to conduct research in the broader context. In discussing the proposed topic, two approaches are taken from two academic disciplines, history and theology. The approaches are historical trajectory and theology comparative. Each offers its way to deal with the topic to generate certain knowledge of the topic related to the fields and beyond. The topic offers melek agama (religious literacy) and well-living as its important consequences possible to offer to the public to make religion a source and contributor to the development of social order and well living. To describe what is stated above, it is started by discussing the two approaches to the shared narrative of religions. This discussion is designed as a theoretical platform where its contents may be implicitly seen. Then, the researcher address application of its contents.

Schreiner family narratives: Written and oral sources in biographical research

This article reflects on the research required in biographical studies. The biographical focus is on the role of three generations of the Schreiner family: W.P. Schreiner (one-time Prime Minister of the Cape Colony), Justice O.D. Schreiner (judge of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court) and Professor G.D.L. Schreiner (scientist, academic, liberal and early conceptualiser of alternative models to apartheid). All three were involved in developing, defending and sustaining liberal policies and values in South Africa from the late 19th century until the advent of democracy in 1994. The clarifications and contradictions within and between oral and written sources are examined, and individual cases are discussed in which they are highlighted. The research sources include family papers, official archives, publications and, crucially, oral testimony. The oral testimony includes formal and informal interviews. This study is a contribution to the history of a family, a university and a set of values. It covers a long period in South African history during which colonialism tightened into apartheid, resistance developed and the eventual vision of a democratic South Africa came to fruition.Contribution: The primary scientific contribution is the exploration of liberal policies and values in South African political and academic history through the prism of biography. Methodologically, the article discusses possible shortcomings with oral testimony when relied on as a sole source and examines how oral evidence can be utilised in conjunction with research based on archival and published sources to develop a fuller and more nuanced picture in biographical research.