Academic Decline Research Articles

BULLYING DI DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN: PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI PENDIDIKAN DAN RESIKO KEMATIAN SISWA

The purpose of this arrangement is to analyze how the perspective of the sociology of education responds to the phenomenon of bullying that often occurs in the world of education which can eventually cause the risk of death for its victims. The method used to explore related to this case is a literature study, which involves collecting information from various written sources, such as books, articles, and related documents. The results show that in the world of education, bullying behavior is an aggressive act, both physically and verbally, carried out by individuals repeatedly against other individuals that often occurs in the scope of the educational environment and adversely affects the victim, Both stress, depression, academic decline, to the risk of death. Bullying behavior can be seen as a result of the social structure in the school environment, where the presence of unwritten social hierarchies causes some children who are considered more popular or have power more likely to exhibit this behavior. The reason behind such behavior is to maintain or improve their social status in the hierarchy. So in this case it needs to be seen where the role of teachers is to overcome this problem, especially to minimize the effects that will be caused to victims.

Impact of Elevated Screen Time on School-Age Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analytical Study.

The rise in digital technology use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has heightened concerns about extended "screen time" (ST) among adolescents. Excessive screen use is linked to negative physical and cognitive effects, yet digital media also offers educational and social advantages. Cultivating healthy digital habits is crucial as technology continues to evolve. Thiscross-sectional studywas conducted betweenJuly and August 2022 amongschool-going adolescents and a total of 221 participants were assessed through questionnaires, employing statistical analysis. In the current study, all participants fell within the 16-18 year age group, with 114 (51.6%) being male and 107 (48.4%) female. The majority 209 (94.5%) identified as Hindu, while the rest were from Muslim and Christian communities. Most participants, both male and female, resided in urban areas, 140 (63.3%) were pursuing Class 12, and73 (33.1%) were pursuing Class 11. Mobile phones were the most commonly owned devices, followed by desktops or laptops and tablets. Males generally spend more time on these devices than females. Notably, 168 (76.01%) adolescents exceeded the recommended 2-hour daily screen time limit set by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), with92 (80.7%) males more likely to do so than 76 (71%) females. The study found a significant link between increased screen time, reduced physical activity, and academic performance, while no association was observed for behavioral risk factors. There is increased digital device use among youth, with many exceeding recommended screen time limits, particularly males. This was significantly linked to reduced physical activity and academic decline, highlighting the need for further research and balanced digital use.

A - 17 Pre-injury Predictors of Protracted Recovery from Pediatric Concussion: a Latent Class Analysis

Abstract Purpose This person-centered study examined pre-injury psychological and neurodevelopmental risk factors in youth experiencing persistent concussion symptoms (PCS). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to empirically define groups of children and adolescents experiencing PCS, and compare their functional outcomes. Method 126 pediatric patients (Mean age = 15.94 years; 65.1% female) experiencing PCS (Mean time since injury = 315 days) participated in a clinical neuropsychological consultation and evaluation within the Minds Matter Concussion Program at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. LCA models were run using pre-injury variables (mood and anxiety concerns, attention and learning challenges). Functional outcomes (neuropsychological performance, academic decline, symptom magnification) were then compared across the resulting classes. Results Statistical indicators [Akaike Information Criteria (804.59), adjusted Bayesian Information Criteria (801.01), Bootstrap Likelihood Ratio Test (p < 0.001)] indicated that a two-class model provided the best fit. Class 1 (n = 58) was predominately females (78.3%) with comorbid pre-injury developmental (46.6% learning challenges, 54.6% attention concerns) and psychological concerns (75.6% anxiety, 48.9% mood concerns). Class 2 (n = 68) was half females (49.8%) with fewer comorbid pre-injury developmental (14.6% learning challenges, 22.5% attention concerns) and psychological concerns (39.3% anxiety, 0% mood concerns). The two classes did not significantly differ on functional outcomes. Standardized testing scores were within the average range across the sample. Conclusions Pre-injury risk factors contribute to persistent symptom experience and functional complaints in the absence of objective cognitive impairment. Given the incidence across groups, these findings highlight the importance of understanding psychological and neurodevelopmental factors, as well as sex-based differences when directing referrals and treatment of PCS within a multidisciplinary program.

Internet Addiction Among Middle Eastern Students Significantly Impacts Mental Health

Excessive internet use leads to problematic Internet usage (PIU), causing psychological, academic, and occupational issues. This study reviews 22 recent studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate to assess internet addiction (IA) among Middle Eastern students and its link to anxiety and depression. The findings indicate a high prevalence of IA, significantly correlated with mental health disorders and negatively impacting academic performance. Enhanced assessment tools, a better understanding of IA's causes, and innovative interventions are needed to address this issue and mitigate its negative effects on students' mental health and academic outcomes. Highlight: High Prevalence: Internet addiction is common among Middle Eastern students. Mental Health Impact: Significant correlation between internet addiction, anxiety, and depression. Academic Decline: Internet addiction negatively affects students' academic performance. Keywoard: Internet addiction; mental health; academic performance; Middle Eastern students; anxiety

Coaching Transition and Nature of Change: An Examination of NCAA DI Team Sports

NCAA Division I team sport head coaches typically end their coaching roles by taking a more prestigious and lucrative position, or by being fired. These differences in the nature of the leadership change suggest differences in programmatic conditions at the time of change. How a leader leaves the program undoubtedly reverberates through the program resulting in coaches, players, administrators, and fans with varying levels of satisfaction. While literature is replete with the impact of leadership changes, there is little evidence to distinguish among nature of change, and strong evidence that a negative head coaching change precedes athletic and academic decline. Thus, this study investigated 414 NCAA Division I team–sport head coaching changes using a variety of athletic and academic variables to determine what best predicts specific types of coaching changes. Results indicated athletic success has the strongest relationship and is most predictive, as expected, particularly in revenue sports. Other noteworthy findings, however, revealed female coaches have less negative coaching changes than males, and that hiring an alum or having a high Academic Progress Rate predicted a negative change. These findings reveal there are variables beyond winning that influence the nature of change and establish patterns that could assist administrators in times of transition.

Social Media Usage and it's Relationship with Depression among Nursing Students of a Private University

Social media is a group of electronic and digital appliances which has its basis on internet and allow sharing, transforming and exchanging ideas, information, educational material and content. In the 21st century, internet usage has been increased significantly. Our life has been entirely changed by the internet and social media. Social media cause different health related issues and academic decline among students. Objective: To observe the relationship between social media use and depression among nursing students. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 120 nursing students. Ethical permission was obtained from Ethical Review Committee, Sohail University, Karachi. Descriptive statistics was performed on demographic variables. Pearson Correlation test was performed to check the relationship between social media use and depression. Results: Beyond 120 participants, males were in majority (57.5%). Mostly (58.3%) participants were in their 1st and 2nd year, 20.8% were married and 69.2% were living with their friends. Largely (77.5%) belong to Generic BSN program and 55.0% partakers were using social media from 0-4 hours per day. Mostly (44.2%) participant have moderate to extreme level of depression. We found positive correlation of social media use with depression. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest significant correlation between depression and social media use. Spending more time on using social media can lead to depression. Therefore, policy makers should pay attention in planning to minimize the harmful effects of social media usage among students.

Predictive Model for Student Academic Decline During Virtual Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Academic decline has always been a primary concern for researchers in the field of education. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has shed new light on this phenomenon. This study aims to identify factors affecting academic decline during the COVID-19 pandemic and develop a model to predict academic decline during virtual education. The present research employed a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology. The study population included all mothers, students, and teachers of middle and high school levels in the city of Sabzevar in 2021. A sample of 30 individuals was selected through purposive sampling due to data saturation, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, and interviewed. Following the identification and validation of qualitative categories and factors, a questionnaire was designed and administered to 384 participants (mothers, students, and teachers of middle and high school levels). The unlimited population responded to the researcher-made 49-item questionnaire on the challenges of virtual education impacting academic decline during the COVID-19 pandemic. To test the research hypotheses, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 20 and PLS Smart software were utilized. The findings indicated that, following qualitative interviews, six main grounded theory categories emerged, encompassing 12 fundamental factors. These included two causal factors (lack of motivation and academic isolation), one central factor (academic decline), three contextual factors (quantity and quality of electronic devices, internet quality, and software and hardware deficiencies), three intervening factors (role pressure on parents, web usage culture, and learning environment), and two strategies (ineffective teaching and inappropriate assessment) and one outcome (reduced learning). Ultimately, the structural equation modeling validated the conceptual model designed based on grounded theory. The results indicated that 12 fundamental factors influenced academic decline during virtual education amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to the development of a significant predictive model for academic decline in virtual education.

HUBUNGAN KRONOTIPE DENGAN DERAJAT NYERI DISMENORE PADA REMAJA PUTRI

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common menstrual disorders in young women. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls in Indonesia ranges from 16.8-81%. Girls with dysmenorrhea symptoms have a higher risk of decreased activity, experiencing hip strain, back pain, headaches, and fatigue. In school children, it can interfere with learning activities and concentration, causing academic decline. Dysmenorrhea is influenced by several factors from daily activities and habits. Activity can affect a person's sleep and wake schedule. The difference in sleep and activity schedules of each person is known as kronotipe. The study aimed to determine the relationship between kronotipe and the degree of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls at SMKN 1 Doko Blitar. The research was conducted in August-September 2021. The population of the study was 60 students of SMK 1 Doko in Blitar district aged 15-18 years old, non-smoking, and who want to join this study. The research plan is a cross-sectional study using MEQ-SA (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire Self-Assessment Version), and the dysmenorrhea questionnaire. Data analysis uses the chi-square test. The result of chi-square test showed a significant correlation between the kronotipe with the degree of dysmenorrhea pain (p-value= 0,000). There is a significant relationship between chronotype and the degree of dysmenorrhea pain. Adolescent girls need to set a regular sleep schedule to have an appropriate chronotype to reduce dysmenorrhea pain during menstruation.

Strategic Solutions Of Islamic Educators In Overcoming The Social Behavior Of Online Game Addicted Learners In The 5.0 Era

Online games can have an influence on life relationships with friends, family, and society. With this, social relationships become tenuous because the time for socialization together is much reduced. In addition, online games can make someone addicted, so they tend to be egocentric and individualist. This is dangerous for social life, they stay away from the surrounding environment, declining social relationships, health, decreased academic achievement it occurs because children who have addiction to online games. This research method is qualitative research, which is research that provides a systematic overview and elaboration by utilizing qualitative data on the object to be researched and in accordance with existing facts. Based on the findings of researchers have been done about online games, the types of online games that are always used by players are types of warfare such as Mobile legends, Free Fire and PUBG. Based on the description of the analysis, it can be concluded that social behavior as a negative impact of online games includes children being egocentric, apathetic, lack of interest in social activities, lack of time control, lack of discipline in tasks and can even cause health and academic decline. Therefore, strategic solutions that can be done include building competence with competent parties, making activity agendas, limiting or reducing use.

Bullying and self-harming behavior in universities – A cross-sectional study of a sample of 327 university students

IntroductionBullying is a widespread public health issue, found in different contexts (e.g. schools, universities, workplaces, families), and it has negative consequences on both the perpetrator and the victim. There is a lack of studies addressing bullying among university students in Arab countries and more specifically in Lebanon. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of bullying among a sample of university students in Lebanon, its forms, and associated factors. MethodsThe study consists of a cross-sectional online survey addressed to university students in Lebanon that evaluates sociodemographic data, presence and type of bullying, history of bullying during childhood, adverse childhood experiences, daily life functioning, and mental health status (reported psychiatric disorders, substance use, self-harming behaviors, and suicidal attempts). Chi-Square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the results between victims of bullying and the rest of the sample. ResultsThree hundred and twenty-seven university students participated in this study. The prevalence of bullying was 14.1%. The main forms of reported bullying were verbal (58.7%) and social bullying (65.2%). The main associated factors were being a witness of bullying at university (84.8% vs. 56.2% – P<.001) and history of cyberbullying (13% vs. 4.6% – P=.024). Among students who reported current bullying, 28.3% had a psychiatric diagnosis, 19.6% reported substance use, 15.2% had self-harming behaviors, and 8.7% had suicide attempts. Victims of bullying in the university reported a significant negative impact on their daily lives (lack of interest in daily activities, academic decline) (83.7%) and mental health concerns (psychiatric disorders, substance use, suicide attempts) (88.4%). ConclusionEven though bullying is an event less experienced in university than in school, it is nevertheless still present with potential negative impact on the victims. Bullying in a university setting is a public health issue that could benefit from more studies as well as prevention and intervention programs.

PGR - 2 Demons In The Mirrors: A Childhood Case Report of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome First Addressed By Tele-Neuropsychological Evaluation During The COVID-19 Lockdown.

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) results in physical, cognitive, and behavioral issues. Although it is the most common microdeletion syndrome, there remains a high prevalence of delayed diagnosis. Its heterogeneous phenotypic presentation lead to differing considerations for early diagnostic identification. If initial symptomatology includes behavioral and cognitive disturbance, it is likely for such individuals to be referred first for neuropsychological testing before genetic testing. This case will expand upon diagnostic identification of 22q11DS. A 12-year-old, 5-years educated, white female was seen for tele-neuropsychological evaluation due to COVID-19 restrictions in December 2020. Patient's mother reported concern regarding sudden and worsening behavioral changes including hallucinations, unusual affects, odd beliefs, academic decline, illegible handwriting, attention and memory issues, and behavioral problems in school to the point of removal. Overall performance on the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery was severely impaired. See uploaded image file for specific test findings. Speech, affect, and behavior were notable during examination. Diagnoses included schizophrenia (provisional) and specific learning disorder with reading impairment (historical). Immediate neurology consultation was recommended. Later EEG, brain MRI, and CSF were unremarkable. Acute metabolic etiology was ruled out. Subsequent genetic testing revealed 22q11DS. Diagnostic identification of 22q11DS and resulting access to care management heavily depends on initial symptom presentation. In this specific case, the COVID-19 lockdown created barrier to sufficient services. This case expands upon knowledge of the cognitive profile of 22q11DS and calls upon increased awareness. Targeted improvement of neurocognition potentially protects against cognitive decline related to psychotic symptoms, and thus neuropsychologists play a vital role in referral to such resources.

COVID-19, eLearning, the Digital Divide and Underprivileged Children

Within the last two years studies show that many of our youth are lagging in education due to the pandemic lockdown, the application of eLearning with the lack of preparation, and a shortage of adequate learning technology and updated technology (Povich, 2020). Schools moved away from paper homework and in-person learning, and to online homework unfamiliar to students. In some areas, the schools were able to provide technology that the students could take home, but this did not always come along with Wi-Fi, hotspots, or some type of internet to make it functional. In other areas, the school systems were not able to fund the distribution of technology to each student. The pressure students feel from not having access to the technology they need leads to academic decline. Students with lower socio-economic status and limited access to eLearning and technology were unable to complete their homework or receive an adequate education.

Understanding dropout stabilization and the factors affecting the return to primary school: a qualitative study.

This study aimed to understand dropout stabilization and the factors affecting the return to primary school using a qualitative approach. Data were collected from 47 semi-structured interviews with dropouts, their parents, children who returned to school, social facilitators, school teachers, local community religious leaders, and education activists. Following Graneheim and Lundman's method, thematic data analysis revealed two main categories: "dropout stabilization facilitators" and "dropout stabilization inhibitors", with 10 subcategories. Dropout stabilization facilitators included the 7 subcategories of perceiving academic decline, inhibitory effects of shame, barriers to re-enrollment, relief from educational pressures and norms, the transformed value system, family satisfaction, and the inefficiency of the formal care system. On the other hand, dropout stabilization inhibitors included the three subcategories of sensitivity to the informal care system, financial incentives, and intensive and flexible training. Some events after dropping out of school resulted in stabilized and definite dropouts. Children at primary schools do not have a clear understanding of the importance of achievements and the effects of education, perceiving dropout as an escape from educational norms and associated hardships. Transitioning into adult roles, such as marriage, motherhood, and assuming responsibilities for siblings, often leads individuals to prioritize other aspects of life over educational achievements. Barriers, such as age limits for being admitted to schools and lack of mechanisms for compensating tuition fees, lead to family dissatisfaction and further reinforce the decision to withdraw their children from school. Factors such as timely actions and follow-ups by schools, financial incentives, and brief interventions provided by the informal network are likely to prevent students from dropping out of school.

Evaluation of the Frequency of Academic Failure and its Influencing Factors in Medical Students of a Military Training Center

Background: Students’ academic failure (AF) is one of the main problems of various universities. In the meantime, the academic decline of medical students is more critical because this field is related to society’s health with high occupational sensitivity. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the AF level of medical students and the factors affecting it in a military medical training center. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 184 medical students using a questionnaire. After collecting the data, the students were divided into three categories: Students with at least one academic probation semester, students with a total average of basic sciences between 12 and 15, and students with a total average of basic sciences more than 15. Then, AF levels and factors that affect them were investigated. Results: The results showed that the frequency of students with AF was 25%. In addition, there was a significant relationship between AF and some variables, including marital status, residence status, date of entry into university, national entrance exam score, national entrance exam rank, diploma grade average, amount of daily study, content, and grouping (of internal university factors) and family problems (of extramural factors). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between AF and other variables, including gender, age of entry into university, father’s education level, mother’s education level, and other intra-university and extra-university factors. Conclusions: Based on the results, the officials and academic advisors in universities must pay attention to the issues and problems related to unmarried students with a longer duration of education in Universities to prevent AF among students. Students who live in the dormitory should also consider this issue. The level of education and learning of students can be increased by providing the necessary advice and training and a better standard of living in the dormitories, especially for single students.

AN ANALYSIS ON A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY FINAL YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ STRESS LEVELS

Stress is one of the serious issues that affect university students’ life and has been identified to cause academic decline, poor relationships with peers and family members and overall dissatisfaction with life. As for final year university students, academic workloads, expectations from societies and future career uncertainties are some of the common factors that create stress. Therefore, this case study aims to investigate the stress experienced by the final year engineering students at a public university. The main objectives are to identify factors that cause stress and its effects on the students. A five-dimension set of questionnaires i.e. Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Motivation, Environment, and Workload was distributed to 260 final year students of an engineering faculty before they participated in a Stress Management Awareness Program. The program which was part of the Final Year Project (FYP), exposed the students with stress management strategies. Later, interviews were conducted to explore the extent of stress effects on the students’ academic success, and lifestyle in general, and the effect of the workshop. The mean scores of the dimensions and its items were analysed descriptively and findings from the interviews were compared after the students had undergone the workshop. The quantitative results indicated a moderate level of stress among the students with some significance in ‘Environment’ and ‘Workloads’ dimensions. Qualitatively, the workshop had made the students aware of their stress experiences, and educated them with various stress management strategies. Interestingly, there were similar continuous patterns of stress experiences from 33 volunteered interviewees, which have brought to light the actual circumstances of students’ stress. Evidently, these results call for a context-driven stress management module that can provide the students with resourceful selfregulated strategies in coping with the demanding life as final year engineering students.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN SOCIAL MEDIA FATIGUE SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN DARING PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN

Social media fatigue is prone to be experienced by students during online learning which results in adverse effects on physical and mental health such as depression, anxiety, unstable emotions, and academic decline due to the use of social media. This study aims to determine the factors associated with social media fatigue during online learning for nursing students at Udayana University. The research design used a quantitative approach with a cross sectional study method. The research sample used probability sampling with stratified random sampling technique (n=180). Data were collected using the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Social Media Fatigue Scale (SMFS) questionnaires. The results showed 156 (86,7%) respondents had a moderate level of social media fatigue. The correlation test on social media fatigue shows that the respondent's characteristics have no relationship (p value of age = 0,999; gender = 1,000; GPA = 1,000). Likewise with sleep quality (p value = 0,162) and resilience (p value = 0,333). However, academic stress has a significant relationship with social media fatigue (p value = 0,001). Social media fatigue can be influenced by academic stress which causes students to tend to use social media during the learning process. Prevention of social media fatigue can be done by exercising self-control such as self-healing and using social media effectively, especially as a learning tool.

The impact of a mine fire and smoke event on academic outcomes for primary and secondary school students.

This study explored how exposure to a mine fire and smoke event influenced students' academic outcomes. The academic results for 303 students (aged 7.8-16.2 years) were accessed and students completed the Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale to measure their level of distress resulting from the mine fire. The longitudinal analysis found that secondary students, who attended schools in the town most exposed to particulate matter from the mine fire, experienced an 18.5-month delay in academic progress (95% CI [13.6, 23.5]) after the mine fire, relative to the wider area. No evidence was found in academic delays related to exposure to the mine fire among primary school students. There was also no evidence of additional delays in academic progress for students with higher levels of event-related distress. Schools should monitor and provide academic support to students to protect them against academic decline after a disaster. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis Masquerading as Depression: A Case Report From a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Abstract Autoimmune disorders are now widely recognized as playing a larger role in encephalitis than previously thought. The most common disorder appears to be anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Psychological symptoms, memory difficulties, and autonomic instability are all part of the complicated presentation and are being considered an important differential diagnosis for children presenting with acute behavioral disturbances. We present the case of a 17-year-old girl, who presented with a 1.5-year history of psychiatric symptoms such as pervasive low mood, decreased ability to concentrate on her studies, academic decline, memory disturbances along with poor social interaction, decreased self-esteem, and ideas of guilt. This was accompanied by altered biological functions. Within a week, the symptoms changed dramatically, with labile mood, over familiarity, over identification, déjà vu, auditory hallucinations and anxiety symptoms, nonspecific somatic symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and neurological symptoms including seizures and dyskinesia. Diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis was made by electroencephalography and serum antibody testing. Symptom improvement was noted with five cycles of plasmapheresis and injection of rituximab. Psychiatric manifestations are common, and child and adolescent psychiatrists are frequently the first to be contacted for patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. There is, therefore, an increasing need for them to become aware of the disorder and consider it in their differential diagnosis. A better prognosis can be achieved with appropriate evaluation by a multi-disciplinary team.

Exploration of the initiation of substance use among Pakistani adolescents: a qualitative approach

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aims to explore the risk factors for the initiation of substance use among adolescents in Pakistan. Method A qualitative research design using the triangulation method was employed to explore the risk factors for the initiation of substance use in Pakistani adolescents. For this purpose, a purposive sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. The total number of the sample comprised N = 18 which included mothers n = 6, and substance users n = 12. The sample was recruited from lower, middle, and upper socio-economic classes. A semi-structured theory-driven (bio-psychosocial) self-constructed interview protocol was designed. The whole data was transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed in NVIVO by using deductive thematic analysis. Results The findings of this study revealed three main themes; intrapersonal, interpersonal, and societal. All the main themes have various sub-themes such as anxiety sensitivity, mood deprivation, family conflict, parenting, presence of substance use in the family, easy availability of substance use, academic decline, peer pressure, or rejection respectively. Conclusion The study concluded that not only the sole factor can be responsible for the initiation of substance use among adolescents; interpersonal, intrapersonal, and environmental factors collaboratively play the role in the development of substance use. Moreover, negative evaluation, negligence, and socioeconomic status are also the reason for the initiation of substance use.

Erratum] 2022 개정 중학교 교육과정 총론 개정안의 쟁점과 과제에 관한 시론적 탐색

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the problems and issues that the recently announced 2022 revised curriculum summary will cause in light of the middle school curriculum operation experience, and further explore improvement tasks and suggest alternatives. Methods The contents of major issues were analyzed and critically understood in light of the 2015 curriculum operation experience. According to the revised announcement, the middle school curriculum is broadly designed to expand digital basic literacy and information education, connect free semesters and career-related semesters, reduce school sports club activities, secure 68 hours of school autonomous time per year, and expand the opening of school elective courses. Characterized by, etc. Reflecting the school field operation experience of the 2015 revised curriculum is expected to reduce another trial and error. Results According to the research results, first, if digital is basic literacy, science and technology subjects belonging to the same subject (district) share the role of information education from insufficient number of hours in information subjects, so that many information education contents are included in science and engineering subjects. It is necessary to strengthen IT convergence education such as artificial intelligence and maker in middle school technical education by separating technology and home subjects. Second, it is important to abolish the free semester system for the first year, which causes academic decline due to the corona virus, and to properly operate career-related education in the second semester of the third year as practical career guidance is continuously provided within the curriculum. need. Third, instead of dispersing creative experiential activities such as physical education club activities in several places, including school sports club activities, it is necessary to integrate them all into the ‘Physical Education’ section. Fourth, democratic citizenship education, ecological transformation education, and labor human rights education, which were decided to be applied to all subjects by using the use of school autonomous time secured at 68 hours per academic year, are not forcibly injected or reformed in accordance with the Voitelsbach Convention. It is necessary to keep in mind that political citizenship education takes place. Conclusions Therefore, the revision of the general summary of the middle school curriculum will greatly reduce the overlap of school-level goals, human image, and core competencies, actively utilize the school autonomous time to raise the basic academic ability that has plummeted, and focus on facts and scientific content, but avoid controversial content. By introducing the Wojtelsbach Agreement, brainwashing and infusion are avoided, and the revision can be better if it reflects the operational experience and wisdom of the field.