Victims Of Abuse Research Articles

Muslim women’s experiences of Islamic evaluative mediation within Shari’a Councils in England and Wales in relation to obtaining divorce as victims of domestic abuse

ABSTRACT This article examines Muslim women’s experiences of Islamic evaluative mediation within Shari’a Councils on seeking an Islamic divorce, including women who have experienced domestic abuse and encounter power imbalance. The article draws on the authors’ exploratory study of 30 Muslim women in England who have experienced domestic abuse and details their use of such services, the desire for informal justice and the processes involved. Islamic mediators act as evaluative mediators and can influence the decisions reached by the participants and give advice. In the UK, facilitative mediation is mainly used, not evaluative mediation. This article focuses on Islamic mediation as the forum provided by Shari’a Councils for the Muslim women who use their services, exploring how Islamic solutions play a nuanced role within Muslim family law. Finally, the article explores Muslim women’s narratives, and how women are seeking religiously informed support and solutions to their marital problems. Shari’a Councils provide Islamic mediation in order to move towards an Islamic divorce. But when Muslim women who are victims of domestic abuse are unable to achieve an Islamic divorce the Shari’a Councils provide an Islamic divorce called faskh.

Evaluation of social media privacy, internet addiction in adolescents who are victims of sexual abuse and digital awareness in their parents.

Childhood sexual abuse is the exploitation of a child by an adult for sexual purposes. Many cases go undetected and can occur across all socioeconomic levels, ages, genders, and regions. With the rise of internet use, abuse is increasingly occurring online, with some online relationships escalating to in-person sexual contact between the victim and offender. Our study hypothesizes that adolescents with high internet addiction and difficulty protecting their privacy online may be at greater risk for abuse, and that their parents may have low digital awareness. Adolescents completed the Sociodemographic Data Form, Social Media Privacy Protection Scale, and Young Internet Addiction Scale (short form), while parents completed the Digital Parent Awareness Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26. The case group showed higher internet addiction and social media use, while the control group had better social media privacy protection skills. Although not statistically significant, parents in the case group had lower digital awareness. A negative relationship was observed between internet addiction and parental awareness. Parental mediation of young people's social media use significantly impacts their privacy management.To prevent abuse, parents must understand the risks of the digital environment and the necessary precautions. The primary limitation of this study is the limited sample size, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings.

Commerce over care: exploring legal advice given in potential economic abuse cases

ABSTRACT This paper argues that solicitors are required to lawyer relationally when delivering independent legal advice (ILA) to (predominantly) women set to provide suretyship for their intimate partner’s debts. Case law tells us that women providing suretyship may be entering the transaction under the coercion of their partner. Coerced debt is a form of economic abuse, which in turn is a form of domestic abuse. ILA in this context therefore provides an important intervention to potentially assist victims of abuse before entering (potentially more) debt at the hands of their abuser. To make ILA purposeful, solicitors must prioritise relational values/dynamics such as consultation, care, judgement, and empowerment; the anti-thesis of market-exchange lawyering which is characterised by the values such as objectivity and detachment. Market-exchange lawyering is also associated with ethical apathy as lawyers prioritise their client’s means-ends above all else, therefore failing to consider the broader implications of those ends (in terms of their client’s best interests and/or the public interest). Drawing on interview data with 22 solicitors, it is demonstrated that most interviewees provide tick-box ILA prioritising completion. That is, most interviewees prioritised values of commerce over values of care when acting for women who may be experiencing economic abuse.

Criticism of legal protection for victims of drug abuse: the disharmony in legal substance regulation

This research aims to analyse the legal regulation of narcotics addicts in Indonesia and legal protection for victims of drug abuse, the disharmony in legal substance regulation. Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in Indonesia establishes the legal framework for rehabilitation, protection and eradication of narcotics abuse at the national level. This regulation requires rehabilitation measures for narcotics users, especially those categorised as victims, and provides uniform law enforcement guidelines. On the other hand, regional regulations can expand and strengthen national regulations by adapting local approaches to suit the needs of local communities. This is legal research using qualitative research methods. Legal regulations for narcotics addicts in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics with a rehabilitative approach, but it still faces various challenges in its implementation. In Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, the disharmony of articles can arise due to several factors, including differing interpretations, unclear legal norms, or inconsistency with other relevant regulations. What is often debated is the different approaches between rehabilitation for narcotics addicts and criminal punishment for narcotics crime perpetrators in the Narcotics Law. Article 54 states that narcotics addicts are required to undergo medical and social rehabilitation. On the contrary, Article 127 paragraph (1) asserts that narcotics users without rights or against the law are subject to imprisonment.

Understanding the Traumatic Narcissism Theory and its Clinical Utility

This paper sets forth the Traumatic Narcissism Theory and will define and clarify the following terms: traumatic narcissism; narcissistic abuse; the traumatizing narcissist; the traumatizing narcissist’s relational system of subjugation. The Traumatic Narcissism Theory is intended for the treatment of victims of narcissistic abuse, distinguishing it from other psychoanalytic theories intended for the treatment of pathological narcissism and individuals diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. This paper identifies eight specific abusive behaviors deployed by the traumatizing narcissist that are subjugating and traumatizing. Keywords: Traumatic Narcissism Theory; traumatizing narcissist; narcissistic abuse; the traumatizing narcissist’s relational system of subjugation

A test of target congruence theory on cyber dating abuse among youth

While a number of studies have provided support for target congruence theory in explaining various forms of physical victimization, researchers have started to examine the efficacy of the theory on cyber victimization, specifically cyberstalking. However, no study to date has examined the applicability of this theory to cyber abuse victimization among youth in dating relationships. To this end, the current study applied target congruence theory to examine the influence of target vulnerability, target gratifiability, and target antagonism on cyber dating abuse victimization experienced by high school youth. A subset of data obtained from the Technology, Teen Dating Violence and Abuse, and Bullying in Three States (n = 2,250) showed support for the theory. More specifically, two out of the three concepts used to capture target vulnerability (depression and drug use) and two out of the three measures of target antagonism (hostility and manipulation/fear) were significant in predicting cyber dating abuse victimization, while target gratifiability (sexual cyber perpetration) was also significant. An overall review of the results, as well as the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research, are discussed.

Child sexual grooming: Listening to victims in Jordan.

Little is known about sexual grooming among children in Arab-Islamic countries. Accessing victims of child sexual abuse in such a context is challenging; however, qualitative secondary analysis provides a framework for exploring this phenomenon. This study employed qualitative secondary analysis to identify sexual grooming behavior and strategies based on the statements made by Jordanian children. The primary dataset comprised 13 verbatim transcripts of forensic investigative statements of child victims aged 6-18years with an Arabic Islamic background. These statements were obtained from the Family Protection Department of Amman, Jordan. The statements were translated from Arabic to English and subjected to independent inductive thematic analysis and deductive analysis using the 2020 Sexual Grooming Model developed by Winters, Jeglic, and Kaylor as a framework. Four stages of child sexual grooming, each with specific goals and strategies, were identified and contextualized using the model. However, specific, nuanced differences between the findings and the model were identified, highlighting the influence of Arab culture and Islamic religious interpretations on grooming in Jordan. Educational efforts should be undertaken to raise awareness among parents and children regarding grooming strategies and, specifically, how Arab culture and Islamic principles may be used to coerce children to comply with grooming and abuse or otherwise compel their silence out of fear of punishment.

Does cyber dating abuse victimization predict next-day alcohol and cannabis use among college students?

Cyber dating abuse (CDA) is prevalent on college campuses, with 43% of college students experiencing CDA each year. Yet, the potential impacts of CDA victimization on college students' health outcomes remain poorly understood. Informed by the self-medication hypothesis and longitudinal data linking dating abuse to substance use outcomes, the present study tested the hypothesis that CDA victimization positively associates with college students' next-day alcohol use (number of drinks consumed, odds of any drinking) and odds of cannabis use (yes/no). We also explored whether CDA's association with next-day substance use varied as a function of gender. Daily data on alcohol use, cannabis use, and CDA victimization were collected across 60 consecutive days from 236 undergraduates who were in dating relationships (73.73% cisgender women). Multilevel modeling revealed gender differences. Among men, CDA victimization predicted next-day cannabis use (aOR = 7.34, p < .001), but negatively related to the number of drinks consumed the following day (B = -2.63, p < .001). Among women, CDA victimization did not relate to next-day cannabis or alcohol use. Regardless of gender, CDA victimization was unrelated to the odds of any drinking. College men are more likely to use cannabis the day after experiencing CDA victimization relative to other days. Targeting CDA and related aftermath may benefit college-based substance use intervention. This is the first study to identify that cannabis use occurs subsequent to CDA victimization, which can inform college-based CDA and cannabis use prevention programming.

Severity of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Depends on Microglial Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide.

Traumatic brain injury is one of the most common cerebral incidences worldwide. Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries occurring, for example, in athletes or victims of abuse, can cause chronic neurodegeneration due to neuroinflammation, in which the crosstalk between reactive astrocytes and activated microglia is crucial for modulating neuronal damage. The inducible enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and its product carbon monoxide are known to be ascribed neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. We caused repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries in wild-type mice compared to mice without microglial heme oxygenase-1 expression. Additionally, mice were treated daily with either air or carbon monoxide exogenously. In wild-type mice, we observed enhanced microglia activation and astrogliosis as well as vasodilation after repetitive trauma. In heme oxygenase-1 knockout mice, we observed enhanced activation of microglia and astrocytes at baseline pretrauma with a lack of an adequate inflammatory response to repetitive injury. However, the knockout led to enhanced NF-κB and IFNγ expression in the post-trauma period. Carbon monoxide exerted neuroprotection, as suggested by reduced wake-up times in mice and by beneficially altering inflammation post-traumatic brain injury. This study further underlines the crucial role of the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide system in the modulation of neuronal damage and the associated neuroinflammatory response after repetitive traumatic brain injury.

Measuring parents' awareness, identification, and communication practices about acquaintance abuse against children in Pakistan.

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is a growing healthcare issue worldwide. However, the acquittance rape is one of the underrepresented phenomena due to certain social and cultural concerns. Consequently, the role of parents is of greater significance to ensure the safety of their children outside and insider of their homes. This research investigated the parents' awareness, identification, and communication practices about acquaintance rapes against Pakistani children. Data was gathered from 314 respondents having one or more children below sixteen years of age and further analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed that a majority of parents (70 %) were aware of child sexual abuse (CSA), especially acquaintance rape, as a prevalent phenomenon. However, they stayed neutral (50 %) about the possibility of female acquaintances as the possible cause of CSA and male children as victims of sexual abuse. They further reported physical and psychological signs to help identify acquaintance rape among children, with consensus ranging from 50 % to 60 %. Further, they showed different communication approaches, including telling children about CSA (50 %), their private body parts (around 45 %), abstaining from accepting gifts (50 %) and cautioning against going anywhere, even with someone they know (50 %), implying actively educating children about CSA as an effective strategy. Effective communication between parents and children about sexual abuse is critical for deterrence. Continued efforts to challenge stereotypes, promote inclusive attitudes, and encourage comprehensive prevention approaches are important to creating safer environments for children in Pakistani society.

Wellbeing and illbeing in women exposed to physical and sexual violence during peripregnancy: a population-based longitudinal study

ABSTRACT Background: Physical and sexual violence against pregnant women have been associated with detrimental mental health outcomes for victims. Few studies have examined both positive (wellbeing) and negative (illbeing) mental health indicators in the same sample. Additionally, the literature assessing mental health based on different forms of violence is limited. Objective: To compare both wellbeing (life satisfaction) and illbeing (anxiety and depression) trajectories between non-victimized and victims of physical, sexual and both forms of violence that occurred during or shortly before pregnancy. Further, we analyse whether social support moderates these trajectories. Method: This longitudinal study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort, including the period from early pregnancy to toddlerhood (3 years). We compared wellbeing and illbeing trajectories of non-victims (n = 73,081), victims of physical abuse (n = 1076), sexual abuse (n = 683), and both forms of abuse (n = 107) using Growth Curve Modelling. Finally, social support was included as a moderator of wellbeing and illbeing trajectories. Results: Results indicated that victims scored systematically lower in wellbeing and higher in illbeing. Exposure to violence did not significantly change the wellbeing trajectory, pointing to similar developments in wellbeing among victims and non-victims for the considered period. On the other hand, different trajectories in illbeing occurred between victims and non-victims, as well as between victimized groups. Victims experienced greater change in illbeing scores, with a steeper decrease in illbeing compared to non-victims. Both victims and non-victims returned to respective baseline scores 3 years after birth. All women benefited from social support, but victims of physical abuse were particularly protected by social support. Conclusions: There is an alarming persistence of mental health problems in women exposed to violence during peripregnancy. Different forms of violence differentially impact women’s mental health. Social support is beneficial among all pregnant women.

Human-Animal Conflict in Jaimini Municipality, Baglung, Nepal

This study examines the factors that lead to conflict between people and animals in the Jaimini Municipality of Baglung Nepal with an emphasis on how shifting economic conditions impact livestock and agriculture. In terms of agricultural loss livestock depredation and human causation this study sought to explore the conflict between humans and wildlife. It also aims to comprehend local perspectives tolerance and compensation levels as well as the causes of losses brought by wild animals. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed in the study including focus groups semi-structured interviews, questionnaire, surveys and case studies. The findings indicated that the most significant harm caused by human animal conflict (HAC) was crop damage with animal attacks on settlements being more common in areas near forests. There was no discernible difference in the amount of damage caused by elephants to various socioeconomic classes making property damage the second most frequent problem encountered by the locals. The results imply that since humans want to rule over and take advantage of nature and animals they are to blame for the conflict. Anger and negativity are common reactions from victims of animal abuse. Problems with migration dependency and brain drain have resulted from the conflicts detrimental effects on the livelihoods of the local population. The study evaluated stakeholders' capacity to reduce human-wildlife conflicts which are mostly caused by mishandling community forests and problems with their applications. Policymakers practitioners, researchers can benefit from its insights into the intricate relationships between people animal's migration and social transformation.

Profile of alleged criminal offenses of child abuse at Ibnu Sina Gresik Hospital in 2020-2023.

Introduction: Child abuse is a significant public health issue, and the consequences of child abuse on victims can last a lifetime. Meanwhile, the number of child abuse cases in Indonesia has increased in recent years. This study aimed to comprehend the profile of cases of alleged criminal offenses of child abuse at Ibnu Sina Gresik Hospital from 2020–2023. Methods: This retrospective research used samples of medical records and visum et repertum of child abuse victims who had reported to Ibnu Gresik Hospital from 2020–2023. The sampling technique was total sampling with variables such as age, gender, type of abuse, scope of the perpetrator, and the incident location. The analyzed data were done in Microsoft Excel and presented as a distribution table. Results: The highest number of cases was reported in 2023 (61.67%), with most victims being girls (59.17%). The reported types of child abuse were physical abuse (50.00%) and sexual abuse (50.00%). The majority of girl victims experienced alleged sexual abuse (77.46%), while most boy victims experienced alleged physical abuse (89.80%). The adolescent age group (13-17 years old) dominated the number of victims (64.17%). Perpetrators mostly came from non-family scope (60.83%). Most locations of incidents were unidentified (47.67%). The sub-district with the highest number of cases was Menganti (12.50%). Conclusion: The number of child abuse cases increases every year. The reported types of abuse were sexual and physical abuse. Most victims were girl, adolescent age group, and perpetrators mainly came from non-family scope. Most of the incident locations were unidentified.

Distressing Aspects of Elder Abuse Victimization: Perspective of Survivors

Distressing Aspects of Elder Abuse Victimization: Perspective of Survivors

LEGAL VACANCY IN PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF PERSONAL DATA MISUSE FOR FICTITIOUS BANKING CREDIT

Personal data have become a critical issue in the era of global connectivity, where the use of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets connected to the internet has created an increasingly complex communication network. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in cases of personal data abuse in the banking sector, especially concerning fraudulent loan applications. This study aims to identify the factors that create a legal vacuum in the protection of victims of data abuse. This research adopts a normative legal methodology aimed at examining various legal regulations in Indonesia related to personal data protection. The findings can serve as a foundation for further research aiming at developing comprehensive legal solutions and enhancing victim support mechanisms.

Depenalization of Drug Abuse Criminal Act as a Humanist Criminal Law Policy

The purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate ratio legis of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of narcotics abuse and policy reformulation of humanist sanction arrangements against narcotics abusers in the future. This research is a legal research that uses statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of study; (1) ratio legis of providing criminal sanctions against narcotics abusers as referred to in Act Number 35 Year 2009 concerning Narcotics is that the formers of the Act still adhere to the retrebutive paradigm. The target of rehabilitation is only limited to victims of drug abuse, not drug abusers; (2) the policy reformulation of sanctions against drug abusers in the future is no longer using criminal law means. The means used are non-penal means that remove criminal sanctions and replace them with rehabilitation measures.

Os entraves ao aborto legal para crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual

This article aims to investigate the complex issues hindering access to legal abortion for children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence. By analyzing two cases that gained media attention, the study employs Ferenczian concepts of trauma, disavowal, and recognition in dialogue with public health. It highlights the systemic failures of our society in ensuring comprehensive, humane, and accessible care for girls and women who are victims of sexual abuse, as well as the potentially traumatic effects of social disavowal. The article also points to the pressures faced by healthcare professionals in performing their duties and underscores the need to reflect on the creation of testimonial spaces within healthcare and academic knowledge production, as a means to counteract the forces of silencing and denial of violence.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PELECEHAN SEKSUAL

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Masculinity, #MeToo and misleading marketing: The unmet sexpectations of the American Gigolo remake

American Gigolo, the 2022 television series which functions as a sequel to the 1980 film, has received an overwhelmingly negative reception with both critics and viewers. An insightful review declaring the show ‘more dud than stud’ encapsulates the problems with viewers’ expectations: despite raunchy marketing promising a direct continuation to the original, there was ‘very little actual sex’ compared to its Paul Schrader written and directed neo-noir predecessor, a choice complicated further with the addition of a controversial backstory in which protagonist Julian Kaye (Jon Bernthal) was revealed to have been a victim of child abuse. The misleading marketing certainly influenced viewer rejection of the show by both promising a continuation to the original and deliberately obscuring the plotline. The post-#MeToo context it was released in, furthermore, may have impacted reception. The sheer venom with which reviewers broached the portrayal of a male victim of abuse, however, raises questions of its own. Despite the rightly criticized aspects of the show, its choice to depict an unconventional male victim as a lead character on primetime television is groundbreaking. Did audiences reject the show for disrupting their nostalgia for Julian, or does heterosexual male victimhood continue to be a societal taboo?

Reducing Depression and Suicidal Ideation Among Elder Abuse Victims Using PROTECT

Elder abuse is prevalent and often unaddressed despite poor health and mortality outcomes. One third of victims suffer from depression. ObjectiveThis study examined whether: 1) suicidal ideation is associated with victims’ demographic or abuse characteristics; 2) PROTECT psychotherapy reduces depression regardless of suicidal ideation (SI); and 3) it reduces suicidal ideation. DesignPartner agencies referred depressed victims and received PROTECT for 10 weeks. Depression severity and SI were measured at each visit. ParticipantsA sample of 158 depressed EA victims (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) without cognitive impairment (Tele-MoCA ≥ 11). InterventionPROTECT is a behavioral psychotherapy delivered in 45-minute sessions in person or remotely (phone or video) for 10 weeks. MeasuresData on demographics and abuse were collected at baseline, and depression severity (PHQ-9) and SI (PHQ-9 item 9) weekly. We examined trajectories of response to PROTECT with mixed-effects models to compare response among SI and Non-SI participants and change in SI throughout treatment. ResultsThere was no association between victims’ demographic or elder abuse characteristics and SI. PROTECT led to reduction in depression severity: the SI group showed an estimated mean improvement of 5.58 points on the PHQ-9 (95% CI: 4.11, 7.06), and non-SI group improved by 5.25 (95% CI: 4.53, 5.97) points. SI decreased over time, with 19% of participants endorsing SI at baseline and 5.7% at end of treatment. ConclusionsSuicidal ideation is equally prevalent across EA victims from different backgrounds. PROTECT can reduce depression and suicidal ideation in elder abuse victims.