Abuse In India Research Articles

The Opioid Crisis, Preventing and Managing Substance Abuse in India: A Systematic Review.

The opioid crisis has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, with India facing unique challenges in preventing and managing substance abuse. This systematic review aims to analyze the current state of the opioid crisis in India, evaluate existing prevention and management strategies, and propose evidence-based recommendations for addressing this complex issue. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 30 studies meeting the predefined criteria. The review highlights the multifaceted nature of the opioid crisis in India, influenced by factors such as socioeconomic conditions, cultural norms, and healthcare accessibility. Key findings include the need for comprehensive prevention programs, improved access to evidence-based treatments, and integration of harm reduction strategies. The review also emphasizes the importance of addressing co-occurring mental health disorders and the potential of community-based interventions in managing substance abuse. Challenges identified include stigma, limited access to treatment, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, regulatory barriers, and lack of comprehensive policies. Recommendations for future directions include developing culturally appropriate prevention programs, assessing the long-term effectiveness of treatment modalities, exploring innovative approaches to reduce stigma, and investigating the role of technology in improving access to care. By implementing a multifaceted approach that considers the unique sociocultural context of India (including factors such as family structures, religious beliefs, economic disparities, and regional variations in drug use patterns), there is potential to significantly reduce the burden of opioid abuse and improve outcomes for affected individuals and communities.

Protecting Our Innocence: Addressing Child Pornography in India

The internet has revolutionised educational methodologies and facilitated day-to-day learning experiences. It has also unveiled its darker facets, including the proliferation of child abuse in various forms, such as trafficking, prostitution and kidnapping. Amidst these atrocities, child pornography emerges as one of the most abhorrent manifestations of exploitation, inflicting severe physical and psychological harm upon its victims. In India, where the protection of children is paramount, stringent legal measures have been enacted to address this issue. This paper provides an analysis of the critical landscape of child pornography in the digital age, examining the multifaceted challenges it presents and the proactive measures undertaken by governmental and non-governmental entities. Through an exploration of the legal framework, landmark cases regarding child abuse in India, and initiatives aimed at child protection, the paper investigates the role of internet service providers in combating the dissemination of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Furthermore, the importance of international cooperation in addressing this grave issue is emphasised. It is crucial to protect our children from this harmful practice; it is necessary to ban the practice of child pornography and protect their fundamental rights.

Social Vulnerability for Polysubstance Use: Exploring the Substance Use Initiation and Pattern among Children with Cumulative Trauma

Background: Due to a concerning rise in reported cases of childhood abuse in India, this study was initiated with the aim of uncovering the social determinants contributing to childhood trauma. Moreover, the second objective of the study was to discuss substance use initiation and patterns among children with cumulative trauma. Method: As a result, an in-depth interview served as a primary source of viewpoints to examine the essential objective. The study was conducted on children with a history of abuse. Twenty-eight children in the age group of 13–18 years (Mage = 16) residing in child-care institutes in Assam were taken into consideration. Results: Content analysis indicated child care and education, parental divorce or remarriage, domestic violence, family mental illness, household substance misuse, parental health, parental crime, poverty, and sexual and physical violence as social determinants of health for childhood trauma. Children reported using alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, cough syrup, inhalants such as paint, and glue, chewables such as betel nut and Gutka (chewing tobacco), and pharmaceutical tablets. Initiation and pattern of substance use among early initiators were likely to be encouraged by detrimental peer influence, indicating substance abuse as normal behavior and the family’s role in shaping children’s pattern of substance use. Problematic patterns of substance use were identified, for instance, health consequences, neglect of responsibilities, and increased daily frequency. Conclusion: The results of this study may offer practical insights for healthcare professionals, enhancing their comprehension and addressing the social determinants of health indicating trauma and referring them to appropriate treatments. A holistic approach, which encompasses the collaboration of policymakers and healthcare providers, is vital for fostering health equity, thereby potentially preventing child abuse, childhood trauma and subsequent recidivism of substance use.

A Problem of Substance Abuse in India: Causes and Consequences

A Problem of Substance Abuse in India: Causes and Consequences

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude about POCSO Act among Medical Interns: A Questionnaire based Study

Background: The issue of child sexual abuse is a worldwide problem that exists among both developed as well as developing countries. The most vulnerable groups in society for sexual abuse are these children. The number of incidents involving child sexual assault is rising alarmingly. Material and Methods: It is across sectional questionnaire based study from February 2023 to July 2023 comprising of 100 medical interns (50 males and 50 females) conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Results: In this cross sectional study, 100 medical interns comprising of 50 males and 50 females participated. The questionnaire consisted of 10 multiple choice questions about the POCSO Act.76% of medical interns knew what the acronym POCSO Act means. The age of child under POCSO Act was known to 82% participants. 71% participants were aware that POCSO Act is gender neutral. Conclusion: Although teaching young children about appropriate and inappropriate touching starts in the primary grades, CSA can be reduced by increasing knowledge and awareness in the local community. The cases of child abuse in India require a holistic approach from every member of society.

Feasibility Trial of a Newly Developed Brief Psychological Trauma Intervention for Children Surviving Sexual Abuse in India

ABSTRACT Given the alarming increase in incidences of child sexual abuse (CSA), the present study was conceived to conduct a feasibility trial for a brief CSA-focused cognitive-behavioral intervention for children. A quasi-experimental single-group pre-post design with convenient sampling was adopted. The intervention module was administered to 20 children aged 7–13 years (M = 10.4, SD = 1.3) with a CSA history. The intervention was spread across a minimum of six required sessions and a maximum of 12 sessions held weekly for approximately 90 to 120 minutes’ duration to restore the child’s functioning and to assist the child in processing and managing trauma effectively along with initiating the process of growth. Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), Children’s Impact of Events Scale−13 (CRIES-13), Developmental Psychopathology Checklist (DPCL), Multidimensional Scale for Child Sexual Abuse (MSCSA) and Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) were used to measure the impact of the intervention on the children. Estimation of improvement was done using Wilcoxon signed rank test, effect size and subjective feedback from children. Feasibility assessment was done across five parameters: recruitment, data collection, attrition, adherence and improvement. We found that the intervention led to significant improvement in scores of all scales with a large effect size of .50 for MSCSA and CRIES-13 and medium effect size for CGAS, CRIES-13 (Intrusion & Avoidance), CPSS, and DPCL. Feasibility was estimated to be high across all five parameters of the assessment. Thus, the newly developed intervention was found to be helpful in restoring the child’s functioning, and assisting the child in processing, and managing trauma effectively.

Understanding The Psychological Impact Of Child Abuse: Exploring Status And Rights In India Article Sidebar

Background Child abuse in India includes child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, influenced by societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. Legal measures like the Right to Education Act and the POCSO Act exist to protect children, but their implementation faces significant challenges. This chapter highlights the need for comprehensive and integrated approaches to combat child abuse and ensure children's well-being. Aims This chapter aims to examine the psychological impacts of child abuse and evaluate the socio-legal landscape concerning the status and rights of children in India. It explores the prevalence and consequences of child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, and assesses the interplay of societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. The chapter also evaluates the effectiveness of legal frameworks and governmental initiatives in protecting children's rights and well-being. Method The chapter uses a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative methods. It includes a literature review, case studies, legal document analysis, and expert interviews in child psychology, law, and social work. Statistical analysis is applied to interpret the data collected, providing insights into the socio-legal context and psychological impacts of child abuse. Results Findings show a high prevalence of child abuse, including child labor, early marriage, and sexual exploitation, significantly affecting children's psychological health. Contributing factors include societal norms, gender inequalities, and economic disparities. Legal frameworks like the Right to Education Act and the POCSO Act have had mixed success, highlighting progress but also gaps in implementation and enforcement. Conclusions The chapter concludes that addressing the challenges of child abuse in India requires a holistic approach. Effective legal implementation, community-driven interventions, and awareness campaigns are essential for creating a supportive environment for children's psychological growth and development. Integrating legal, social, and psychological perspectives is crucial for comprehensive strategies to prevent child abuse and support affected children.

Dynamics of Drug Addiction and Abuse in India: Socio-Economic Profiles of Individuals in Treatment for Drug Addiction in Northwest India

Dynamics of Drug Addiction and Abuse in India: Socio-Economic Profiles of Individuals in Treatment for Drug Addiction in Northwest India

Using Behavioural Economics to Explain Substance Abuse Among Indian Adolescents

Understanding the behavioural factors that influence adolescent risky behaviour including substance abuse in India is critical for government agencies and organisations working to combat the now upsurging problem caused by substance use amongst adolescents. The objective of this study is to find out the behavioural biases that influence risky behaviour, including substance abuse among adolescents in India. An exploratory factor analysis is conducted on the responses of 682 teenage respondents from a close-ended questionnaire administered electronically in five schools in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The Bandwagon Effect, Hard Easy Effect, Optimism Bias, Sunk Cost Fallacy, Social Norms, Disposition Effect, Illusion of Validity, and Availability Heuristic emerged as the factors most affecting the risky behaviour of adolescents including substance abuse. The findings of this research can be used to develop effective interventions to mitigate the effect of these biases on adolescent substance abuse and other risky behaviours. This study enriches the behavioural economics literature by focusing on teenage substance abuse, filling a critical research gap, and providing valuable insights for public health interventions. It also provides benchmarks for future research and policy-making in behavioural economics.

Is Alprazolam A Potential Drug of Abuse In India’s Near Future?

To shed light on the dangers of alprazolam overuse and misuse among Indians, this review analyzed a large number of studies done so far. In this article, we reviewed the likelihood of alprazolam (benzodiazepine – a commonly used medication for panic and anxiety disorders) being among the most commonly abused substances in India in the near future. The review takes into account pharmacological features, addiction neuroscience, epidemiological statistics, sociocultural aspects, availability and effects. It emphasizes the necessity of developing specialized preventive plans, raising awareness and putting in place strong regulatory measures to deal with the new problem of alprazolam addiction and usage in India.

Development of a Brief Psychological Trauma Intervention for Child Sexual Abuse in India

ABSTRACT Despite the alarming increase in incidences of child sexual abuse (CSA) in India, intervention research remains preliminary and generic. Although Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has been found to be consistently effective in addressing the adverse consequences of CSA, none of the cultural adaptations of CBT have been evidenced in India so far. Hence, the present study was conceived to develop a CSA-focused brief CBT intervention for children between 7 and 13 years of age. Intervention development progressed through four steps: 1) a systematic review of literature; 2) a qualitative study, including focused group discussions, conducted with 19 mental health professionals; 3) development of the intervention; 4) expert evaluation and finalization. We developed the intervention with three key elements: restoring the child’s functioning, assisting the child in processing, and managing trauma effectively and initiating the process of growth. The intervention predominantly followed the CBT framework while integrating culturally specified techniques. The intervention contains 8 modules and 18 sub-modules structured around three phases of intervention. The intervention is spread across a minimum of 6 required sessions and a maximum of 12 session held twice weekly for approximately 90–120 min duration. A list of 35 activities corresponding to each phase and sub-module of the present intervention has been designed as an intervention workbook. In conclusion, the newly developed intervention is a manualised, culturally competent, psychological intervention developed within the CBT framework for children aged 7–13 years with experience of CSA. The next phases include piloting intervention for feasibility.

A Qualitative Study To Investigate Male Victims’ Experiences Of FemalePerpetrated Domestic Abuse In India With Reference To Gwalior Chambal Division

A Qualitative Study To Investigate Male Victims’ Experiences Of FemalePerpetrated Domestic Abuse In India With Reference To Gwalior Chambal Division

Trauma-informed Care and its Significance in Responding to Child Sexual Abuse in India

Child sexual abuse is a detrimental experience that could cause deleterious mental-health outcomes in the survivor. Decades of research have revealed the complex nature of child sexual abuse in terms of its characteristics, dynamics, causes, and consequences. Efficacious psychological interventions for managing child sexual abuse-related outcomes in children exist. However, it is now well recognized that interventions alone are not enough for recovery from sexual or any other type of trauma; it requires an entire human service system that is well-informed about trauma and its effects. Given the lack of awareness about the consequences of child sexual abuse and the stigmatization that exists in the Indian context, which significantly contributes toward the evolution and severity of trauma outcomes in victimized children, this paper is an attempt to discuss the relevance of adopting a trauma-informed approach while responding to child sexual abuse.

Connecting Communities to Promote Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse—The RACSHA Initiative

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is dishearteningly common in all societies and India is not an exception. Several methodologically robust epidemiological surveys have repeatedly affirmed the fact. Prevention of abuse is a societal prerogative, but it is an exceedingly complex task. Prevention of CSA needs synergistic, affirmative action by multiple stakeholders and cannot be addressed if individuals and organizations do not attempt to work in unison. A cursory review of the processes involved in protecting children from abuse in India paints a dismal picture of fractured services and absent coordination between health workers, teachers, social services, judiciary, and NGO’s. In India, the task of collaborative work to prevent CSA is made even more difficult by the fact that there is a culture of silence around the issues, which stifles conversation by invisibilizing the phenomena.

Protection and Awareness Against Child Abuse

In Pakistan, child abuse has risen alarmingly, i.e., 30% of cases from 2020-2021 statistics.1 WHOcomprehensively drafts the definition as, "Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and oremotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, or commercial or other exploitation,resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of arelationship or responsibilities, trust or power." There is an urgent need to address these issues in the prevention,psychotherapeutic treatment and rehabilitation of such victims and suffering. On the contrary, there will be ascary consequence. According to WHO, about 1 billion old children (2-17 years) across the globe are subjectedto physical, sexual, or emotional harm by their caregivers or strangers Violence or abuse does not haveboundaries of country, religion, class, or gender.2 At the same time, the related stigma keeps it underreported.Every year, around 500 million children suffer from abuse. In the USA, more than 3 million cases are reported,causing 2000 deaths and 18000 permanent disabilities, the victim results every year. The count for sexuallymolested girls is 1 in 4, and for boys, it is 1 in 7.3 In New Delhi, Child abuse is 8 in 10 kids, whereas boys (7 in10 kids) are more vulnerable than girls (6.5 in 10 kids).4 The percentage of sexual abuse in India is 52% onlyadmitted patients annually, whereas statistics for unreported and other molestation are unknown.5 In Sri Lanka,more than 40000 children were involved in prostitution, where children are used by paedophile sex tourists.6In an unofficial report, every year , somewhat 15-20% of children are sexually abused in Pakistan. According toan NGO, there is a rise of 2 to 10 reported cases of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) per day in the upcoming year,whereas the actual numbers would be much higher because CSA is culturally veiled. They documented that bothgenders were equally victimized, although 0-5 years of CSA victims were mostly boys. The perpetratorsincluded close family ties and acquaintances, marking an increase in per year cases reported. Out of a total 3852number of CSA cases, 2211 (51%) were from Punjab. A total number of 92 cases were reported murder after theassault.7According to the latest study, the amygdala in the brain shrinks with repeated trauma, resulting in delayedlearning abilities and deficient memory.8 Depression, isolation, and delinquency are a few more to enumerate.There are physical, behavioural and emotional indicators of abuse that a physician must be able to identify,address and refer to a psychologist for professional treatment. The prevention measures of awareness, trainingfor parenting, character building of parents and psychological treatment can prevent and decrease a victim’ssuffering. The only way to prevent CSA is to educate and spread awareness against this act on two levels. One iseducating parents and teachers, and the other is making the child aware of the good and bad touch. In this regard,the P AAC group has worked. They have prepared useful brochures to protect the child from encountering theissue. The whole structure of society needs renovation, and the best renovation is building attributes based on thepsychological training present in the seerah of the Prophet (SAW) and his companions.

ELDERLY ABUSE IN INDIA AND USA: COMPARATIVE STUDY

According to estimates, there are over 5.5 million reports of elder abuse in the United States each year, making it a significant social and public health problem. Due to inconsistent methods and identification guidelines, as well as a lack of public awareness of the issue, it is challenging to identify and treat elders who have been abused. For the assessment and care of elderly people who have been mistreated, an interdisciplinary approach in cooperation with Adult Protective Services investigation is essential. Through social media, local news, and community education, healthcare practitioners, other professionals, and the general public can be more aware of this frequently ignored issue. Generally, persons who have attained the age of 65 or older are considered “elderly.” Aging is influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and overall health, although it differs for each individual. Indian law allows “elderly people” over 60 who cannot take care of themselves to receive social security benefits. In the modern world, it has been observed or reported that many elderly people are mistreated by their family members. This paper will explore the nuances of Elderly abuse in India and the USA.

Implications of the POCSO Act and determinants of child sexual abuse in India: insights at the state level

Child sexual abuse is a worldwide phenomenon, and India is not an exception. The magnitude of this grave crime is underrated because of under-reporting. The reality is that the incidence of child sexual abuse has reached epidemic proportions in India. In 2021 only there were 53,874 cases registered under Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act of 2012. To enable the all-around protection of children, the Indian government administrated the “Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO)” Act of 2012. The act is a comprehensive piece of legislation designed to protect children from crimes including sexual assault, sexual harassment, and pornography. The degree to which this act has improved child protection is therefore an important issue for interrogation. Here, we consider the implications of the POCSO Act (2012) in enhancing children’s protection from sexual abuse and pin-point the role of quality of life together with other social, economic, and demographic determinants in foreshortening POCSO incidences. The empirical analysis of the paper is conducted based on secondary data compiled from National Crime Records Bureau. Our empirical results reveal that the POCSO Act has reduced the Growth rate of incidents of sexual offences against children in India from 4.681% to −4.611. Moreover, our empirical results also reveal that by enhancing the quality of life it is possible to restrict the POCSO incidences across Indian states. In addition, favourable sex-ratio, the increased gross enrolment ratio at the elementary level, the improvement in the judiciary and Public Safety Score of the state also enables the state to restrict the POCSO incidences. Based on our empirical result we recommend that future policies could include, for instance, aiming to improve the quality of life as well as the law and order conditions of the state, and increasing the enrolment of the girl children in higher education.

Review on Alcohol Abuse in India and Detection of Alcohol Biomarkers PEth, EtG

Review on Alcohol Abuse in India and Detection of Alcohol Biomarkers PEth, EtG

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Patients with Substance Intoxication Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Patients with Substance Intoxication Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Understanding Elder Abuse in India: Contributing Factors and Policy Suggestions

Understanding Elder Abuse in India: Contributing Factors and Policy Suggestions