Abundant Inclusions Research Articles

Partial interlayers in phyllosilicates studied by transmission electron microscopy

Interstratification of complete layers has long been recognized in phyllosilicates. Interlayering on a fine scale with a host containing partial layers of a second phase has only recently been recognized by using TEM. Considering similarities in structural units of phyllosilicates this type of interlayering should be expected. Alteration samples from Butte, Montana, show extensive development of partial interlayers in kaolinite, sericite, and pyrophyllite. Kaolinite found in plagioclase sites always grows from smectite and in the growth process incorporates unit cell thick lenses of the smectite. The interlayers show up as increased spacing in 001 fringes and cause considerable strain in the surrounding kaolinite structure. Pyrophyllite studied was found to have abundant interlayers and inclusions of muscovite. This muscovite was identified from diffuse 10 A reflections and microanalysis. The muscovite inclusions are usually less than 5 layers thick and extend from 50 A to 1,000 A in the ab plane. In sericite fine interlayering is subtle for the interlayers vary only slightly in unit cell size and composition from the host; however, structural changes are significant enough to cause imagable strain contrast in the host. Zones of fine interlayers are thought to mark healed subgrain boundaries which originally were zones of compositional heterogeneity.

Age dependent ultrastructural changes in different organs of the mecopteran fly Panorpa vulgaris

1. 1. Age related ultrastructural changes in flight muscle, fat body, malpighian tubules, salivary glands, and optic lobes of male mecopteran flies Panorpa vulgaris were studied. 2. 2. In all these organs striking degenerative changes arise with increasing age. Flight muscle degeneration is characterized by myofibril dissolution, deformed and “whorl-like” mitochondria and an extensive hypertrophy of sarcoplasmic reticulum which cover the whole muscle in 13-week old adults. In fat body of aged adults a fatty “cirrhotic degeneration” takes place and a change in fatty acid composition of lipids is assumed. Malpighian tubules in 91-day old individuals show abundant inclusions of the myeloid-type and renal stone-like spheric residual bodies. The mitochondria completely disappeared from the brush border and exhibit different stages of degeneration. The salivary glands of old males lack the protein granules lying in the lumen of the young glands. In the optic lobes (neuropile area) glial and neuronal cytoplasm become reduced with advanced age. Scattered autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies are also present. In contrast, no changes in the optic apparatus itself could be detected. 3. 3. The results were compared with those of Phormia terrae novae, where no such degenerative changes occur.

The flemington intrusion fifield N.S.W.–petrophysical and petrological notes

The Flemington intrusion outcrops over an area of 65 sq. km about 10 km northwest of Fifield. It is part of the Tout Complex of Silurian age; complex and extensive aeromagnetic anomalies, over 4000 gammas, occur in this region. Rock types were sampled near Flemington homestead. (Refer to Figure 1 in other paper by E.E. & C. this issue for regional location). In Table 1 are presented the results of chemical and transmitted light microscopy studies on typicsl samples. These rocks are monzonites (FIB is strictly a quartz monzonite). The sample FM5B is typical of an outcrop 750 m east of Flemington homestead; sample FIB was collected 1.4 km east of FM 5B ? it is typical of a large outcrop that lies in the centre of the intrusion 10 km north west of Fifield. The rocks have a medium grain size (+1 mm). It should be noted that there are other rock types in the intrusion ? these have not yet been sampled. Laboratory tests on the monzonite rocks (see Table 2) showed the rocks to be characterised by medium density, high susceptibility and a very pronounced susceptibility anisotropy. Natural magnetic remanence is high with Koenigsberger ratios in the range 1.6 to 65.4 indicating that induction makes only a minor contribution to the magnetic anomalies. Any quantitative interpretation and modelling of causative bodies must take into account the magnitude and direction of remanence and the effect of susceptibility anisotropy. Reflected light microscopy studies on the iron oxide minerals showed them to be mainly titaniferous magnetites with some prominent lamellae of ilmenite and exsolved lamellae of iron spinel ? hercynite. The titanomagnetites contain abundant small inclusions of hercynite and ulvospinel. The titanomagnetites constitute about 3% of the monzonites, they are randomly distributed in the form of equant, anhedral grains with an average size of 0.15 mm with some grains up to 0.5 mm. Small inclusions (few microns size) of pyrite, chalcopyrite and gold were noted in association with the non opaque (pyroxene?) phases. Figure 1 illustrates the character and type of magnetite in the monzonites.

Pulmonary and hepatic granulomatous disorders due to the inhalation of cement and mica dusts.

Hepatic and pulmonary granulomas were recognised in two workers exposed respectively to Portland cement and to muscovite dusts. The pulmonary lesions in the patient exposed to cement consisted of histiocytic granulomas and irregular fibrohyaline scars, and in the patient exposed to mica of a diffuse thickening of all interalveolar septa due to new formation of reticulin and collagen fibres and proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes. In the liver the following pathological findings were observed: focal or diffuse swelling of sinusoidal lining cells, sarcoid-type granulomas, and, in the case of mica exposure, perisinusoidal and portal tract fibrosis. Abundant inclusions of the inhaled material were identified within the pulmonary and hepatic lesions by histochemical and x-ray diffraction techniques.

Chemical fractionations in meteorites—VIII. Iron meteorites and the cosmochemical history of the metal phase

The composition of the metal phase is traced through an idealized, traditional history from condensation, oxidation and accretion in the nebula to melting, segregation and freezing in a parent body. Fifteen elements are considered: Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Ir, Mo, Ni, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh and Ru. All are strongly siderophile but differ in volatility and melting-freezing behavior. This simplifies the problem yet provides a means to resolve chemical trends which evolve at different stages in the metal's history. The parent bodies of 5 (IC, IIAB, IIC, IID and IIIAB) of the 12 iron meteorite groups resolved by Scott and Wasson (1975) seem to have had a traditional history. That is condensation, oxidation to various levels, accretion, melting, segregation and fractional crystallization during freezing, presumably in cores. The others seem to have had more unusual histories. The composition of the metal in group IVB matches that predicted for the metal condensate at 1270°K (at P T = 10 −5 atm ). This implies accretion at high temperatures; no other combination of the processes can produce this composition. It does not rule out secondary processing, however. The metal in group IVA, whose members have different cooling rates (7–200°/myr), has a composition indicative of aggregates in a body undergoing progressive stages of partial melting. This is consistent with a model in which molten metal collects into pods or raisins at various depths. The composition of the metal in group IAB is indicative of a partial melt which refroze during the initial stages of segregation, before it had managed to aggregate into a single mass. The physical setting implied is consistent with observed inhomogeneities in the metal and abundant inclusions. Three of the 12 groups are deficient in volatiles (IIIF, IVA and IVB) implying a high accretion temperature. In all three cases, cooling rates are comparatively rapid, indicating small bodies or low radioactive element contents. Conceivably all three were deficient in K.

Archean rocks from the eastern Lac Seul region of the English River Gneiss Belt, northwestern Ontario, part 1. Petrology, chemistry, and metamorphism

The eastern Lac Seul region of the English River Gneiss Belt is divided into two domains defined by contrasting petrology and structure. The northern domain is underlain by east-trending, steeply south-dipping, migmatized metasediments, intruded by occasional granite sills, and the southern domain by gneissic tonalite and trondhjemite, with abundant amphibolite inclusions, intruded by granite dykes and diapirs: this domain has a complex structure with gently east-plunging open folds of about 5 km wavelength. Field evidence suggests that metasediments of the northern domain have been deposited on the tonalite trondhjemite basement, which was subsequently mobilized, thereby producing the steeply dipping paragneiss belt of the northern domain.The grade of metamorphism throughout the region lies in the upper amphibolite facies, rising locally to the granulite facies. Within 15 km of the southern margin of the gneiss belt, the metamorphic grade decreases to the greenschist facies.U–Pb dating of zircons indicates that the tonalite gneiss was emplaced at least 3040 m.y. ago, and the granite plutons at 2660 m.y., coeval with migmatization and upper amphibolite facies metamorphism. Late pegmatites were emplaced at 2560 m.y.

Ultrastructural aspects of ascosporulation inArthroderma quadrifidum (=Trichophyton terrestre)

The ultrastructural features of developing and mature ascospores were delineated after mating Arthroderma quadrifidum on pablum cereal agar. Incipient ascospores each contained a granulated nucleus bounded by a nuclear envelope while presumptive ascospore cytoplasm was bounded by a double membrane and resided in glycogen-rich epiplasm of the ascus. Mature ascospores contained nuclei and mitochondria while the ascus epiplasm still retained abundant inclusions. The ascospore wall demonstrated the presence of heterogeneous material between the plasmalemma and the outer spore membrane which appeared smooth.

Ultramafic nodules and their host rocks from Auckland, New Zealand

SummaryUltramafic and mafic nodules are abundant inclusions in Cainozoic alkali basalts at 7 localities in the Auckland Province. Nodule types show a gradation from dunites and pyroxenites through periodotites to eucrites. Bulk chemical variations in the nodules show a wide range in MgO/ΣFeO with a tendency for Al2O3, ΣFeO, CaO and Na2O + K2O to increase as this ratio decreases. These chemical trends, together with published data on the nodules mineralogy and fabric, are consistent with their being interpreted as fragments of the upper mantle.

Fabry's disease on the mechanism of the peripheral nerve involvement.

A sural nerve biopsy of a patient with Fabry's disease showed depletion of larger myelinated fibres, but smaller myelinated and unmyelinated fibres were intact. Epineurial and to a lesser degree endoneurial vessels revealed abundant lamellar inclusions in the endothelial and perithelial cells. Larger myelinated nerve fibres contained glycogen granules in the vacuoles caused by splitting of the adaxonal membranes. A skin biopsy revealed abundant inclusions in the secretory cells and myoepithelial cells of the sweat glands. The lumen of the gland was packed with inclusions like those in the vessel walls. The pain and anhydrosis might be caused by accumulation of glycolipid in the vasa nervorum and sweat glands and not by autonomic nerve involvement.

Investigations on the thyroid gland of embryonic, larval and adult Ichthyophis glutinosus and Ichthyophis kohtaoensis (Gymnophiona, Amphibia). Histology, fine structure and studies with radioactive iodide (I131).

Different developmental stages of two species of the genus Ichthyophis have been investigated. In the late embryo the follicular cells of the thyroid gland exhibit various degrees of cytodifferentiation. Well differentiated cells show a polar organization and contain numerous granular inclusions, but a colloid-containing lumen is rare. Most cells at this stage contain large lipid inclusions. In young and older larvae the cells contain well-developed rough ER and Golgi systems, numerous mitochondria, and abundant granular and vesicular inclusions. Tentative identifications were made of primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes, residual bodies, and two types of small apical vesicles—containing resorbed colloid or transporting material into the follicular lumen. In the larvae the number of apical microvilli is relatively high. The thyroid cells of the older larvae seem to contain more granular and vesicular inclusions than those of the younger larvae. In the adult the size of the follicles greatly increases, the height of the epithelium decreases, microvilli become rare, residual bodies are more frequent, and the small primary lysosomes are replaced by larger ones. Colloid droplets have been found only rarely in the cytoplasm of the thyroid cells of adult animals. In the immediate neighbourhood of the follicular epithelium, profiles of nerve fibres were found in all animals. Radioiodide investigations—measurements of conversion ratio and thyroid uptake factor—show, if compared with the results of corresponding studies in other amphibians, only relatively small differences between the larvae on the one hand and larvae and adults on the other. The absolute counts of the thyroid region are lowest in the adult and highest in the older larvae, shortly before metamorphosis. Furthermore our results indicate, on the basis of four animals tested, that in Ichthyophis the activity of the thyroid gland is temperature dependent. The results in Ichthyophis show that the classical stages of metamorphosis, in other amphibians characterized among other things by different levels of thyroid activity, are very indistinct in this animal.

Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within neurons of the thalamus in myotonic dystrophy: A light and electron microscope study

Abundant inclusion bodies were found within the cytoplasm of thalamic neurons in 6 patients with myotonic dystrophy, 4 of whom had mental defect. Electron microscopy studies revealed that these bodies contain a proteinacious fibrillar material surrounded by a ribosome-bearing membrane and result from coalescence of dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasmic bodies represent a structural alteration of thalamic neurons very likely related to progressive dementia, behavioral changes, hypersomnia and slow dominant posterior EEG rhythms which are manifestations of CNS dysfunction frequently encountered in patients with myotonic dystrophy.

Ultrastructural changes during early development of retinal ganglion cells in Xenopus.

All cells in the optic vesicle of Xenopus embryos from stages 27 to 31 have the same ultrastructure. They are elongated and appear to extend from the internal to the external surfaces of the optic vesicle. They are bound together by terminal bars at the internal (lumen) margin, have microvilli and a cilium on the internal margin, and are covered with a basement membrane on the external margin. Their cytoplasm contains abundant free ribosomes, polysomes, mitochondria, yolk and lipid inclusions, and sparse endoplasmic reticulum.

Diagenetic carbonate fabric variations in Jurassic limestones of Southern England

Detailed fabric studies of Jurassic limestones collected from the Dorset coast have revealed inadequacies in the current diagenetic carbonate fabric classifications. The aragonite-calcite problem, and difficulties experienced in determining the processes effecting diagenetic changes necessitate a special classification for fossil shell fabrics and fracture fill fabrics. The classification is based solely on intergrain relationships, without implying a particular mode of origin. Three types of shell fabrics are distinguished: Type I contains abundant inclusions, often shows pseudopleochroism and the shell life structure and rarely develops triple enfacial junctions with one angle of 180°. Type II shell fabrics are similar, but the inclusions do not show pleochroism or life structures. Type III fabrics show all the geometric features of void filling calcite, and commonly show triple enfacial junctions of 180°. Petrographic studies utilising this classification demonstrate a relationship between fabric type and iron minerals within the sediments. Evidence suggestive of the tectonic control of calcite fabrics is also described.

ADAMELLITE INTRUSIVE NORTH OF DAVIS INLET, LABRADOR

Research Article| August 01, 1955 ADAMELLITE INTRUSIVE NORTH OF DAVIS INLET, LABRADOR E. P WHEELER, 2ND E. P WHEELER, 2ND CORNELL UNIVERSITY GEOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, ITHACA, N. Y. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1955) 66 (8): 1031–1060. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1031:AINODI]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 23 Jan 1953 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation E. P WHEELER; ADAMELLITE INTRUSIVE NORTH OF DAVIS INLET, LABRADOR. GSA Bulletin 1955;; 66 (8): 1031–1060. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1955)66[1031:AINODI]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract North of Davis Inlet, Labrador, an adamellite body of batholithic proportions cuts basement complex gneisses and anorthosite. The adamellite can be subdivided into hypersthene-, fayalite-, hornblende-, and biotite facies. Differences in texture and composition distinguish interior and marginal zones. Dike rocks can be correlated with the intrusive. Hornblende adamellite makes up the bulk of the intrusive. The biotite facies is a late differentiate and in places is pegmatitic. The hypersthene facies is generally marginal or in dikes and was formed early. The exact position of the fayalite facies is uncertain, and its period of formation may overlap that of other facies.Variations in amount and composition of the minerals in the different facies indicate differentiation without important introduction of material. Field evidence indicates that the adamellite was intruded as a liquid of low viscosity, with much fracturing of the wall rocks and the formation of abundant inclusions. In this respect it differs radically from the anorthosite which is essentially concordant with the older gneisses, suggesting high viscosity of the anorthosite. Indications of primary flow are meager in the adamellite, and evidence of post-consolidation dynamic metamorphism is absent.Mineral intergrowths are prominent in the adamellite. Hornblende is diffusely poikilitic, and in places biotite and pyroxene are poikilitic. Plagioclase and K feldspar are intimately intergrown in the interior of the adamellite body, and the K feldspar has apparently replaced the plagioclase. Quartz penetrates all these minerals. Textural details indicate replacement.The contradiction between consolidation of a magma without introduction of material, and widespread replacement by K feldspar and quartz may be explained if the textural relations are interpreted as primary intergrowths modified by deuteric solution which has transferred material to near-by points of greater stability.Diabase dikes are the only intrusives younger than the adamellite.The anorthosite north and south of the adamellite is a gabbroic olivine-bearing facies. It is purer northeast of the adamellite and contains chatoyant plagioclase. Flow structures are absent in the anorthosite adjacent to the adamellite, indicating the adamellite penetrated through the marginal zone of the anorthosite.The gneisses north and east of the adamellite are a variable tonalitic and dioritic series containing both hornblende and pyroxene. Those west of the adamellite are pale garnetiferous biotite gneisses containing variable proportions of K feldspar, oligoclase, and quartz. Graphite is present, and they are of sedimentary origin.In the western gneisses, contact metamorphism by the adamellite has transformed garnet into a myrmekitic intergrowth of vermicular hypersthene in a cordierite mosaic. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Petrology of the Spraberry Sands of West Texas

ABSTRACT The Spraberry sands and siltstones consist largely of angular to subangular quartz, mostly of igneous origin. The sands are low in porosity and permeability because of close initial packing, pressurizing and tight cementation. The chief cementing material is opal with impurities of clay, carbonates and iron oxides. The most abundant inclusions in quartz are tourmaline, zircon and futile. Authigenic and metasomatic minerals include dolomite, calcite, opal, chalcedony, quartz and manganese dioxide. Most of the carbonates have been replaced by chalcedony. Photomicrographs and micro-drawings illustrate these findings.

The diamond-bearing blue-ground and allied rocks of South Africa

Mr du Toit said that scores of volcanic necks or pipes filled with the peculiar bluish ultrabasic breccia known as blue-ground or kimberlite pierced the strata in South Africa, and were accompanied by numerous dykes of the same or of an allied material. The blue-ground contained a great variety of minerals, chief among which were olivine, enstatite, diopside, garnet, mica, and ilmenite, and the groundmass was of a serpentinous nature. The rock contained abundant inclusions of the strata pierced by the pipes, together with fragments of rocks brought up from great depths. These consisted of ultrabasic holocrystalline rocks, rich in magnesium silicates, along with eclogites (garnet-diopside rocks), and granulites of various types. These inclusions had, by some geologists, been regarded as segregations from the kimberlite magma, but appeared more probably to be portions of a deep-seated formation penetrated by the pipes—the denser and less silicious portion of the crust of the earth, in fact. The eclogites graded into the garnetiferous granulites, and seemed to have but little affinity to the ultrabasic rocks and the kimberlite. The blue-ground appeared to be a hybrid rock, the matrix of which was closely allied to, if not identical with, melilite-basalt, a rock which had been found in pipes in Cape Colony along with silicious breccias. The diamond had by some been considered to have originated in the blue-ground itself, but the occurrence of diamonds in the garnets of eclogite indicated a more probable source of the gems. The absence or scarcity of diamonds in all but a very small percentage of the pipes was also in favour of this view. The secondary changes in the kimberlite had led to the production of serpentine, with consequent increase in the bulk of the rock. This had caused a swelling of the material, and the strata surrounding the pipes had been tilted upwards at the contacts, whereas in other types of volcanoes, both ancient and modern, the reverse was usually the case. The age of the pipes was probably late Cretaceous.