Since the abnormal changes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content may indicate the occurrence of some diseases, the detection of ALP activity is of great significance in human health monitoring. In this work, the luminescent probe (His@ZIF-8-Tb-GMP) was synthesized by self-assembly of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and terbium ions with l-Histidine (His) functionalized zeolite imidazole framework ZIF-8 (His@ZIF-8) by one-step method. The abundant amino and carboxyl groups on His@ZIF-8 can be used to capture Tb3+ ions, which increases the load capacity of terbium ions and further enhances its luminescence signals. GMP is the antenna sensitizing ligand of terbium ion and the recognition unit of ALP detection. Dephosphorization of alkaline phosphatase prevents the energy transfer from GMP to terbium ion, which leads to the fluorescence quenching of the probe. Based on the above detection mechanism, a fluorescence sensing platform triggered by cutting off the energy transfer path was developed for the quantitative determination of ALP. Significantly, this sensor possesses ultra-sensitivity and high selectivity in the determination of alkaline phosphatase, whose detection limit is 0.0006 U/L. The successful application of the sensor in serum also shows that the sensor has a good practical application prospect.