Abundance Of Ionic Species Research Articles

Ionization Structure of Heavy Metals for Planetary Nebulae

The purpose of this work to reproduces the flux of lines emitted by the ionized gas, resulting in a good agreement between observed and predicted line fluxes, temperatures and electron density with the chemical abundances of ionic species with carbon and oxygen rich planetary. The model has been calculated using clouds of dust grains in order to calculate the electron temperature, density, and emission fluxes. The dust grain with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) physics combined with thick shell geometry solves the problem of the heating and allows the fitting of fluxes lines, the electron temperatures and the ionization structure of the nebula. Among other lines, we determined line ratio of CIIλ4267A, [NII] λ5755A, 6584A, 6548A, [SII] λ4078A, 4070A, 6716A, and 6731A and compared the results with the observation data by changing the abundances of C, N, O and S, which are enhanced by a factor of 2. The analysis of the ionization structure of the gas, as well as this calculation of the flux of ions, is presented in this work. Therefore, our result revealed that flux lines like [NII] λ6584A, [OII] λ3727A+29A and [OIII] λ5007A greater than the observed fluxes. The nebulae are found to have low electron temperature than found by the previous author, but the electron density is high.

Time resolved diagnostics of ions in colliding carbon plasmas

We report a comparative study of the dynamic behaviour of ions at different pressures in laser ablated colliding and single plasma plumes using 2D imaging, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and a retarding field analyser (RFA). 2D imaging shows the splitting of plasma plumes due to different velocities of various plasma species. OES shows enhancement in abundance of ionic species with their presence for a longer time in colliding plume. C2 molecular formation is seen at later time in colliding plume compared to single plume and is attributed to dominating collisional processes in the colliding region of the plumes. The time of flight distribution of ions traced by the RFA shows the variation with change in fluence as well as ambient pressure for both colliding and single plume. Time of flight analysis of ions also shows the appearance of a fast peak in ion signal due to acceleration of ions at larger fluence.

Energies and quantities of ions in laser-produced metal plasmas

Mean kinetic energies and abundances of ionic species from plasmas of Al, Cu, and Au produced by focused Q-switched ruby laser light have been measured. Electrostatic and time-of-flight methods are used. General agreement is found with existing theory regarding the mean energies of the different ionic species, but the relative abundances display anomalies.