Site Of Absorption Research Articles

High-performance fractal microsupercapacitors based on Ti3C2Tx MXene for kHz alternating current line-filtering applications

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are attracting attention as vital filter capacitors for microscale power conversion in alternating current (AC) line-filtering circuits due to their rapid frequency response characteristics. This study demonstrates the wafer-scale fabrication of Ti3C2Tx MXene-based MSCs with a high-potential device structure incorporating fractal microelectrodes. The experimental and simulation results show that the new structure enables increased ion-transport rates through increased absorption sites and a strong electric field, resulting in improved energy storage and frequency response performance. Therefore, by optimizing the size of the microelectrodes, the fractal MSCs (FMSCs) achieve a high specific capacitance of 615.3 μF cm−2 at 1 V s−1 and their highest frequency characteristic (f0) can reach kHz. Notably, the FMSCs exhibit excellent filtering performance in AC line-filtering circuits by successfully filtering different AC waveforms at a high frequency of 20 kHz into direct current.

CO adsorption on two-dimensional 2H-ZrO2 and its effect on the interfacial electronic properties: implications for sensing

Environmental pollution is commonly caused by direct and indirect greenhouse gasses and various traces of toxic gasses. CO is a tasteless, colourless and highly hazardous greenhouse gas that can bind with the hemoglobin much easier than oxygen. Materials with effective CO sensing capability are highly desirable. In this work, we have studied the repercussions of the molecular adsorption of toxic carbon monoxide (CO) on the structural, electronic, interfacial electronic and gas sensing properties of the two-dimensional (2D) 2H phase of zirconium dioxide (2H-ZrO2) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The most suitable adsorbent structure is screened out and interaction strengths between adsorbate molecule and adsorbent layer are provided in terms of binding energies. As a result of CO adsorption, the energy band gap (Eg) is altered and the resulting change in the conductivity of 2H-ZrO2 monolayer has implications for sensing. Energy band profiles relating to CO adsorbed 2H-ZrO2 reveal that fermi level shifts towards conduction bands exhibiting a development of n-type semiconducting character. Eg values relating to pristine and CO adsorbed 2H-ZrO2 sites such as TM, H, CB and B are 1.58, 1.98, 2.05, 2.06 and 2.03 eV, respectively. Further insights into the adsorption reveal that charge is accumulated near 2H-ZrO2 in the case of H and B adsorption sites, whereas for the case of TM and CB sites, depletion is noted. Essential gas sensing properties such as conductivity sensitivity (S), and recovery time (τ) are also reported. Notably, TM, CB, and B absorption sites depicted 17%, 2%, and 6% lower S values than H site. Furthermore, the H site achieved a shorter (32 ps) than the other adsorption sites. Response of pristine and CO adsorbed 2H-ZrO2 to that of incident photons is investigated with the help of real and imaginary parts [ and ] of complex dielectric function, electron energy loss function [] and joint density of states [] for a broader range of 0 to 10 eV. Major differences in dielectric function exist along in-plan and out-of-plan directions. After a detailed comparison, it is reported that more number of optical transitions exist between the linked states for the case of CO adsorbed 2H-ZrO2.

Systems Biology and Peptide Engineering to Overcome Absorption Barriers for Oral Peptide Delivery: Dosage Form Optimization Case Study Preceding Clinical Translation.

Oral delivery of peptides and biological molecules promises significant benefits to patients as an alternative to daily injections, but the development of these formulations is challenging due to their low bioavailability and high pharmacokinetic variability. Our earlier work focused on the discovery of MEDI7219, a stabilized, lipidated, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist peptide, and the selection of sodium chenodeoxycholate (Na CDC) and propyl gallate (PG) as permeation enhancer combinations. We hereby describe the development of the MEDI7219 tablet formulations and composition optimization via in vivo studies in dogs. We designed the MEDI7219 immediate-release tablets with the permeation enhancers Na CDC and PG. Immediate-release tablets were coated with an enteric coating that dissolves at pH ≥ 5.5 to target the upper duodenal region of the gastrointestinal tract and sustained-release tablets with a Carbopol bioadhesive polymer were coated with an enteric coating that dissolves at pH ≥ 7.0 to provide a longer presence at the absorption site in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to immediate- and enteric-coated formulations, we also tested a proprietary delayed release erodible barrier layer tablet (OralogiKTM) to deliver the payload to the target site in the gastrointestinal tract. The design of tablet dosage forms based on the optimization of formulations resulted in up to 10.1% absolute oral bioavailability in dogs with variability as low as 26% for MEDI7219, paving the way for its clinical development.

Drug Solubility: Importance and Enhancement Techniques

One of the key factors in achieving the optimum drug concentration in the systemic circulation for the desired (expected) pharmacological response is solubility, the phenomenon of solute dissolving in solvent to produce a homogeneous system. The main issue in developing formulations for new chemical entities as well as for generic development is low water solubility. Over 40% of NCES (new chemical entities) created in the pharmaceutical business are essentially water Insoluble. A significant difficulty for formulation scientists is solubility. Any medicine that is to be absorbed must be present in solution at the absorption site. Poorly soluble medications can be made more soluble using a variety of strategies, including physical and chemical drug changes and other approaches like Changed Words – Structural Changes Longest Unchanged Words particle reduction, crystal engineering, salt creation, solid dispersion, surfactant use, complexation, and other processes. The choice of a solubility-improving technique depends on the drug’s properties, the site of absorption, and the requirements for the dosage form.

Descriptive Study of Malabsorption Syndrome at the Postgraduate Hospital in Khost, Afghanistan

Background: Malabsorption syndrome is a gastrointestinal condition hindering the efficient absorption of nutrients from food. Multiple factors contribute, primarily linked to mucosal damage within the small intestine, the primary site for nutrient absorption. (1)
 Research Goal: The Frequency and pattern of Malabsorption in khost provincial and specialized Hospital During year1400 hijri shamsi.
 Research rational: There is no medical information about the case in the civil and specialized hospital of khost, also the disease events constitute a large percentage of disease events if diagnosed and treat in time the complication rate will be reduced.
 Methodology: Our study is a descriptive case series conducted in the year 1400. Among the 2,311 patients admitted to Khost Hospital during that time, 80 individuals were diagnosed with Malabsorption Syndrome.
 Result: During the year 1400 ,2311 patients were hospitalized in khost hospital, among these, 30 patients were diagnosed as Malabsorption, most were younger than 20 and more than 60 years, most of them were female, the significant symptoms were chronic diarrhea, weight loss, dyspepsia and dehydration. most admitted patients were referred from center of khost city and major complications were weight loss, malnutrition, and anemia.
 Final result: the incidence of malabsorption contains 1.29% of all other diseases, the incidence is higher in patients who aged less than 20 and more than 60 years, the incidence is higher in female than male, the events are more in the central areas of the khost than the districts., the common symptoms are chronic diarrhea, weight loss, dyspepsia. The weight loss, malnutrition, and anemia were the major complications.

Evaluating the potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa beverage to address the prevalence of iron deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa

The potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. beverage as a dietary iron source for sub-Saharan Africans was investigated. The target was to provide 6 mg of iron through 250 mL of the beverage daily. However, the iron content of the dried hibiscus calyces was determined to be 9.73 ± 0.31 mg/100 g and from that only ∼30% was extractable, resulting in 0.93 ± 0.19 mg Fe/250 mL of the selected beverage formulation. Therefore, ferrous sulfate was explored as a fortificant. The beverage contains polyphenols which could form non-absorbable chelation complexes with iron during digestion. Subsequently, the effect of polyphenols on the bioaccessibility of native and added iron was assessed using spectrophotometric methods. The presence of iron-polyphenol complexes in samples of the unfortified and fortified beverages, adjusted to pH 6.5 (pH at site of iron absorption in the gut) was established. However, only ∼25% of the added iron was found to be bound in the complex. It was shown that the viability of H. sabdariffa L. beverage as an iron source is impacted by extraction losses and the inhibitory effect of polyphenols. Nonetheless, if iron-polyphenol complexation was reduced/prevented then, a fortified hibiscus beverage could be a useful iron source.

352 SLC26A3 (downregulated in adenoma) inhibitors with extracellular site of action block intestinal fluid absorption and reduce constipation in mice

352 SLC26A3 (downregulated in adenoma) inhibitors with extracellular site of action block intestinal fluid absorption and reduce constipation in mice

Fabrication and Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Herbal Drug Delivery and Targeting

Background and objective: In the pharmaceutical era, nanoscience and nanotechnology have been revolutionary as substantial and scientific growth with the development of several innovative nanocarriers to amplify the therapeutic worth. In particular, the invention of nanomedicine is impetuous to developing nanocarriers, enabling the phytoconstituents to encapsulate within the smart carrier to boost nanotherapeutics. Thus, herbal drugs molded-in novel nanocarriers have been extensively investigated as they are the most promising drug delivery system. Herbal-based polymeric nanoparticles are the most prominent and emerging polymeric nanocarrier that have gained much research attention in the field of novel drug delivery systems. Methods: In herbal drug delivery technologies, the advancement of phytopharmacological science has led to the elucidation of the composition of phytoconstituents and their biological activities. By fabricating herbal medicaments in nano-size-form, there are considerable chances to circumvent poor bioavailability, in vivo degradation and toxicity, uneven drug distribution, intestinal absorption, and non-specific site of action. The combinatorial strategy of employing both herbal drugs and nanotechnology enables potentiation of the therapeutics, reducing the required dose and unwanted toxic effects. The herbal nanosystem has the potential to convey the active constituents in a controlled manner to the targeted site with greater therapeutic value compared to the conventional system. In this current manuscript, sterling efforts were made to gather information from the existing original research papers using databases viz., Google Scholar, Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Baidu, Web of Science, etc. Furthermore, painstaking efforts were made to compile and update potential pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications of herbal-based polymeric nanoparticles in the form of tables. This article portrays a comprehensive recent finding that formulation scientists are working on novel herbal nanocarriers to pave the way for future research in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology. Conclusion: The herbal extracts encapsulated within the nanocapsule or nanosphere are an effective and emerging way for the herbal drug delivery to the intended site of action with pronounced therapeutic worth. Therefore, extensive scientific research is still being carried out in the field of herbal drug technology, which offers several positive aspects to impart the phytoconstituents to the intended sites and is a considerably promising herbal drug delivery system for controlled drug delivery and targeting.

Role of Polymeric Micelles in Ocular Drug Delivery: An Overview of Decades of Research.

Local drug delivery to the eye through conventional means has faced many challenges due to three essential barriers: (a) the complex structure of the cornea limiting drug absorption, (b) the capacity of ocular absorptive cells in drug metabolism, and (c) the washing effect of eye tears. Polymeric micelles (PMs) have been the focus of much interest for ocular drug delivery due to several advantages they provide for this application, including the capacity for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, nonirritability, nanoscopic diameter, and the clarity of their aqueous solution not interfering with vision. The potential to increase the release and residence time of incorporated medication at the site of absorption is also a bonus advantage for these delivery systems. This Review covers research conducted on single or mixed micelles prepared from small amphiphilic molecules, copolymers (diblock, triblock, and graft), and gel systems containing micelles. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the status of micellar ocular delivery systems for different indications, with a focus on preclinical and clinical drug development. In this context, we are discussing the anatomy of the eye, various ocular barriers, different micellar formulations, and their benefits in ocular drug delivery, as well as the role of PMs in the management of ocular diseases both in preclinical models and in clinic. The encouraging preclinical effectiveness findings from experiments conducted in both laboratory settings and live animals have paved the way for the advancement of micellar systems in clinical trials for ocular administration and the first nanomicallar formulation approved for clinical use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (marketed as Cequa by Sun Pharmaceuticals).

Fabrication, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation of Prednisolone Sustained Release Multiparticulate System for Colonic Targeting

Background: Prednisolone (PRD) is orally prescribed for inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) as the upper GIT is the main site of absorption; therefore, long-term PRD dosing decreases therapeutic effectiveness through systemic side effects. Objective: This work focused on formulating sustained-release alginate beads as a multiparticulate system for colon targeting using prednisolone (PRD) to be filled in an HPMC capsule. Methods: PRD beads were prepared by the ionotropic gelation technique using sodium alginate as the primary polymer and inulin, guar gum, and pectin as secondary polymers. In addition to the impact of polymer type and quantity, other factors were investigated: The CaCl2 concentration and tween 80 addition Thirteen formulations were successfully prepared, and their properties, such as bead size, morphology, percentage of encapsulation efficiency, yield, DL, in vitro release study in GIT buffer media, IBS media, SEM, and FTIR, were assessed. Results: The study showed that the beads were close in size, and the size was not an obstacle for loading the beads in HPMC capsules. Further, yield%, EE%, and DL% increased according to the bead’s content increase. Conclusions: The optimum formula was F3 that coated HPMC capsules with Eudragit S-100, which gave sustained release profiles in GIT and IBS simulating media, and F13 that could last the release in different pH media, pH 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4.

Tribological properties of differently shaped zinc‐based metal‐organic framework particles reinforced epoxy resin composites

AbstractIn this work, two zinc‐based metal–organic frameworks (Zn‐MOFs) with different morphologies were successfully produced by the surfactant‐mediated synthesis method. They were grown on the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polydopamine (PDA) to prepare PTFE/PDA/Zn‐MOFs fiber fabrics. Then the epoxy resin (EP) matrix was poured onto fabrics to prepare EP/PTFE/PDA/Zn‐MOF. PTFE was modified by introducing a PDA adhesion layer, which can provide absorption sites for Zn‐MOFs growth and improve the bonding strength with EP. The microscopic morphologies and structures of the PTFE and modified PTFE were studied. Compared with pure EP, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of the EP/PTFE/PDA/ZnMOF2 composite were reduced by 67% and 91%, and the EP/PTFE/PDA/ZnMOF1 composite were reduced by 55% and 88%, respectively, which were due to the loading of ZnMOF2 onto the PTFE surface, improving the interfacial bonding between the PTFE and EP matrix and can prevent the PTFE fabric from coming out of the EP matrix. ZnMOF2 also presents its structural advantage: the unique thin layer structure plays a vital role in friction and wear reduction.

Jejunal microbiota of broilers fed varying levels of mineral phosphorus

Efforts to achieve sustainable phosphorus (P) inputs in broiler farming which meet the physiological demand of animals include nutritional intervention strategies that have the potential to modulate and utilize endogenous and microbiota-associated capacities. A temporal P conditioning strategy in broiler nutrition is promising as it induces endocrinal and transcriptional responses to maintain mineral homeostasis. In this context, the current study aims to evaluate the composition of the jejunal microbiota as a functional entity located at the main absorption site involved in nutrient metabolism. Starting from a medium or high P supply in the first weeks of life of broilers, a depletion strategy was applied at growth intervals from d 17 to 24 and d 25 to 37 to investigate the consequences on the composition of the jejunal microbiota. The results on fecal mineral P, calcium (Ca), and phytate contents showed that the diets applied to the depleted and non-depleted cohorts were effective. Microbial diversity in jejunum was represented by alpha diversity indices which appeared unaffected between dietary groups. However, chickens assigned to the dietary P depletion groups showed significantly higher abundances of Facklamia, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae compared to non-depleted control groups. Based on current knowledge of microbial function, these microorganisms make only a minor contribution to the birds' adaptive mechanism in the jejunum following P depletion. Microbial taxa such as Brevibacterium, Brachybacterium, and genera of the Staphylococcaceae family proliferated in a P-enriched environment and might be considered biomarkers for excessive P supply in commercial broiler chickens.

Mucoadhesive microspheres: An innovative approach to enhance Gastro-retention

The new medication delivery technology relies heavily on mucoadhesive microspheres. Certain medication delivery issues can be solved by offering a regulated drug delivery system that boosts a drug's therapeutic efficacy. One option is to use mucoadhesive microspheres as a support system for medication administration, which can be done in a range of techniques. Mucoadhesive microsphere stays at the application or absorption site for a long time. It aids to improve and boost the therapeutic effectiveness of medications by facilitating direct contact with the underlying absorbent surface beneath. It is an excellent navigation system with a excessive level of safety. Microspheres are transporter-connected medication drug delivery architecture with a centre of medication and totally exterior layers of polymer as a covering material, with molecular sizes ranging from 1-1000 micrometer in breadth.

The Mechanism of the Gut-Brain Axis in Regulating Food Intake.

With the increasing prevalence of energy metabolism disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and anorexia, the regulation of feeding has become the focus of global attention. The gastrointestinal tract is not only the site of food digestion and absorption but also contains a variety of appetite-regulating signals such as gut-brain peptides, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), bacterial proteins, and cellular components produced by gut microbes. While the central nervous system (CNS), as the core of appetite regulation, can receive and integrate these appetite signals and send instructions to downstream effector organs to promote or inhibit the body's feeding behaviour. This review will focus on the gut-brain axis mechanism of feeding behaviour, discussing how the peripheral appetite signal is sensed by the CNS via the gut-brain axis and the role of the central "first order neural nuclei" in the process of appetite regulation. Here, elucidation of the gut-brain axis mechanism of feeding regulation may provide new strategies for future production practises and the treatment of diseases such as anorexia and obesity.

Local structural ordering determines the mechanical damage tolerance of amorphous grain boundary complexions

Amorphous grain boundary complexions act as toughening features within a microstructure because they can absorb dislocations more efficiently than traditional grain boundaries. This toughening effect should be a strong function of the local internal structure of the complexion, which has recently been shown to be determined by grain boundary crystallography. To test this hypothesis, molecular dynamics are used here to simulate dislocation absorption and damage nucleation for complexions with different distributions of structural short-range order. The complexion with a more disordered structure away from the dislocation absorption site is actually found to better resist crack nucleation, as damage tolerance requires delocalized deformation and the operation of shear-transformation zones through the complexion thickness. The more damage tolerant complexion accommodates plastic strain efficiently within the entire complexion, providing the key mechanistic insight that local patterning and asymmetry of structural short-range order controls the toughening effect of amorphous complexions.

Tunable optical properties of bipyridine dithiol molecules self-assembled on gold substrate

Using density functional theory calculations, we study the effect of intermolecular cross-linking and metal ion inclusion on the electronic and optical properties of 5,5’-bis(mercaptomethyl)-2,2’-bipyridine (BPD) molecules self-assembled on gold substrate. The contribution of the molecules to the density of states of the system near the Fermi level becomes more pronounced after cross-linking due to the delocalization of the electronic states towards the molecules. Consequently, the absorption intensity in the infrared and visible ranges of the spectrum enhances after the cross-linking. The other optical parameters of the system (such as refractive index and reflectivity) is also affected by the cross-linking induced structural changes. Optical properties of self-assembled BPD molecules can further be improved by intercalating metal ions which get encapsulated between the pyridinic units of the molecules and create new absorption sites in the visible and UV ranges of the spectrum. These findings can be useful in tuning optical properties of different materials using molecular self-assembly approach.

GastroPlus- and HSPiP-Oriented Predictive Parameters as the Basis of Valproic Acid-Loaded Mucoadhesive Cationic Nanoemulsion Gel for Improved Nose-to-Brain Delivery to Control Convulsion in Humans.

Oral and parenteral delivery routes of valproic acid (VA) are associated with serious adverse effects, high hepatic metabolism, high clearance, and low bioavailability in the brain. A GastroPlus program was used to predict in vivo performance of immediate (IR) and sustained release (SR) products in humans. HSPiP software 5.4.08 predicted excipients with maximum possible miscibility of the drug. Based on the GastroPlus and HSPiP program, various excipients were screened for experimental solubility, nanoemulsions, and respective gel studies intended for nasal-to-brain delivery. These were characterized by size, size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, pH, % transmittance, drug content, and viscosity. In vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation profile (goat nasal mucosa), and penetration studies were conducted. Results showed that in vivo oral drug dissolution and absorption were predicted as 98.6 mg and 18.8 mg, respectively, from both tablets (IR and SR) at 8 h using GastroPlus. The predicted drug access to the portal vein was substantially higher in IR (115 mg) compared to SR (82.6 mg). The plasma drug concentration-time profile predicted was in good agreement with published reports. The program predicted duodenum and jejunum as the prime sites of the drug absorption and no effect of nanonization on Tmax for sustained release formulation. Hansen parameters suggested a suitable selection of excipients. The program recommended nasal-to-brain delivery of the drug using a cationic mucoadhesive nanoemulsion. The optimized CVE6 was associated with the optimal size (113 nm), low PDI (polydispersity index) (0.26), high zeta potential (+34.7 mV), high transmittance (97.8%), and high strength (0.7% w/w). In vitro release and ex vivo permeation of CVE6 were found to be substantially high as compared to anionic AVE6 and respective gels. A penetration study using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) executed high fluorescence intensity with CVE6 and CVE6-gel as compared to suspension and ANE6. This might be attributed to the electrostatic interaction existing between the mucosal membrane and nanoglobules. Thus, cationic nanoemulsions and respective mucoadhesive gels are promising strategies for the delivery of VA to the brain through intransal administration for the treatment of seizures and convulsions.

Adsorption mechanism of methylene blue by magnesium salt-modified lignite-based adsorbents

The rich pore structure and carbon structure of lignite make it a suitable adsorbent for effectively removing methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. This article reports the preparation of lignite-based adsorbents modified by magnesium salts, and the key factors and adsorption mechanism are analyzed to effectively improve the adsorption performance for MB. The results showed that the lignite was modified by magnesium salts, and the Mg2+ in the magnesium salts had a good binding effect on the oxygen-containing functional groups in the lignite. This improved the adsorption performance of the lignite-based adsorbents for MB. The Mg(NO3)2-modified lignite-based adsorbent showed the best adsorption performance and removal rate of MB (99.33%) when prepared with 8 wt % Mg(NO3)2. Characterization analysis showed that a “-COOMg” structure was formed between Mg2+ in the magnesium salts and the carboxylic acid functional group in the lignite, which was postulated to be the absorption site that promoted the adsorption performance for MB. It is speculated that the MB adsorption mechanism of this lignite-based adsorbent is ion exchange.

The shape of our gut: Dissecting its impact on drug absorption in a 3D bioprinted intestinal model

The small intestine is a complex organ with a characteristic architecture and a major site for drug and nutrient absorption. The three-dimensional (3D) topography organized in finger-like protrusions called villi increases surface area remarkably, granting a more efficient absorption process. The intestinal mucosa, where this process occurs, is a multilayered and multicell-type tissue barrier.In vitro intestinal models are routinely used to study different physiological and pathological processes in the gut, including compound absorption. Still, standard models are typically two-dimensional (2D) and represent only the epithelial barrier, lacking the cues offered by the 3D architecture and the stromal components present in vivo, often leading to inaccurate results. In this work, we studied the impact of the 3D architecture of the gut on drug transport using a bioprinted 3D model of the intestinal mucosa containing both the epithelial and the stromal compartments. Human intestinal fibroblasts were embedded in a previously optimized hydrogel bioink, and enterocytes and goblet cells were seeded on top to mimic the intestinal mucosa. The embedded fibroblasts thrived inside the hydrogel, remodeling the surrounding extracellular matrix. The epithelial cells fully covered the hydrogel scaffolds and formed a uniform cell layer with barrier properties close to in vivo. In particular, the villus-like model revealed overall increased permeability compared to a flat counterpart composed by the same hydrogel and cells. In addition, the efflux activity of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter was significantly reduced in the villus-like scaffold compared to a flat model, and the genetic expression of other drugs transporters was, in general, more relevant in the villus-like model. Globally, this study corroborates that the presence of the 3D architecture promotes a more physiological differentiation of the epithelial barrier, providing more accurate data on drug absorbance measurements.

Molecular Engineering in D-π-A-A-Type Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) photocatalysts with donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) or donor-acceptor (D-A) structures have garnered great attention for solar-driven hydrogen generation because of their inherent charge separation nature and high surface area. Herein, we design a series of D-π-A-A-type CMP photocatalysts to uncover the influence of the content of the dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-S-S-dioxide (BTDO) acceptor on the photocatalytic activity. The results demonstrate that the acceptor content in the D-π-A-A-type CMP photocatalysts affects the electronic structure, the availability of reaction sites, and the separation between light-generated electrons and holes, which mainly determine the photocatalytic performance for H2 release. Benefiting from the synergy of light absorption, hydrophilicity, and active sites, the bare polymer PyT-BTDO-2 with an optimized BTDO content exhibits a high H2 production rate of 230.06 mmol h-1 g-1 under simulated sunlight, manifesting that the strategy of D-π-A-A structural design is efficacious for boosting the photocatalytic performance of CMP photocatalysts.