Absorption Of Vitamin Research Articles

Vitamin A and D Absorption in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome versus Healthy Controls: A Pilot Study Utilizing Targeted and Untargeted LC-MS Lipidomics.

Persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) absorb less vitamin E than healthy controls. It is hypothesized that absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) A and D2 would also decrease with MetS status and that trends would be reflected in lipidomic responses between groups. Following soymilk consumption (501 IU vitamin A, 119 IU vitamin D2 ), the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fractions (TRL) from MetS and healthy subjects (n = 10 age- and gender-matched subjects/group) are assessed using LC-MS/MS. Absorption is calculated using area under the time-concentration curves (AUC) from samples collected at 0, 3, and 6 h post-ingestion. MetS subjects have ≈6.4-fold higher median vitamin A AUC (retinyl palmitate) versus healthy controls (P = 0.07). Vitamin D2 AUC is unaffected by MetS status (P = 0.48). Untargeted LC-MS lipidomics reveals six phospholipids and one cholesterol ester with concentrations correlating (r = 0.53-0.68; P <0.001) with vitamin A concentration. The vitamin A-phospholipid association suggests increased hydrolysis by PLB, PLRP2, and/or PLA2 IB may be involved in the trend in higher vitamin A bioavailability in MetS subjects. Previously observed differences in circulating levels of these vitamins are likely not due to absorption. Alternate strategies should be investigated to improve FSV status in MetS.

Bile Acids and GPBAR-1: Dynamic Interaction Involving Genes, Environment and Gut Microbiome.

Bile acids (BA) are amphiphilic molecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. BA undergo continuous enterohepatic recycling through intestinal biotransformation by gut microbiome and reabsorption into the portal tract for uptake by hepatocytes. BA are detergent molecules aiding the digestion and absorption of dietary fat and fat-soluble vitamins, but also act as important signaling molecules via the nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and the membrane-associated G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR-1) in the distal intestine, liver and extra hepatic tissues. The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the BA pool is finely regulated to prevent BA overload and liver injury. By contrast, hydrophilic BA can be hepatoprotective. The ultimate effects of BA-mediated activation of GPBAR-1 is poorly understood, but this receptor may play a role in protecting the remnant liver and in maintaining biliary homeostasis. In addition, GPBAR-1 acts on pathways involved in inflammation, biliary epithelial barrier permeability, BA pool hydrophobicity, and sinusoidal blood flow. Recent evidence suggests that environmental factors influence GPBAR-1 gene expression. Thus, targeting GPBAR-1 might improve liver protection, facilitating beneficial metabolic effects through primary prevention measures. Here, we discuss the complex pathways linked to BA effects, signaling properties of the GPBAR-1, mechanisms of liver damage, gene-environment interactions, and therapeutic aspects.

Bioinformatics for The Prognostic Value and Function of Cubilin (CUBN) in Colorectal Cancer.

BackgroundCubilin (CUBN) gene was reported to be a novel risk variant for colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that germline variants in known cancer driver genes are predictive of patient outcome, but no study has systematically analyzed CRC to identify CUBN that can predict patient outcome and function by using bioinformatics.Material/MethodsThe association in expression, clinicopathological parameters, and survival were analyzed by using Oncomine, UNCLA, and GEPIA, while CUBN alterations and related functional networks were identified using cBioPortal. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (KEGG) of CUBN in CRC were explored by using LinkOmics. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) examined target networks of kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors.ResultsWe found that CUBN was overexpressed in CRC. Patients who were in advanced TNM stage tended to express higher CUBN mRNA levels, while those who received radiotherapy tended to express relatively lower CUBN mRNA levels. Higher expression of CUBN was found to be associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, functional networks analysis suggested that CUBN can regulate mismatch repair, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, base excision repair, and proteasome via vitamin digestion and absorption pathway to influence CRC occurrence.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that CUBN could serve as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker of CRC in the future.

Вплив застосування комбінації Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 із вітаміном D на рівень 25(ОН)D у сироватці крові дітей раннього віку

Background. The search for optimal vitamin D levels and supplementation approaches to provide a wide range of preventive effects on the human body remains the focus of the world’s specialists. One of the promising directions is to improve the absorption of vitamin D in the gastrointestinal tract by using probiotics. Objective: to study the effect of using a combination of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 with vitamin D on the serum level of 25(OH)D in young children. Materials and methods. A total of 56 children from 1 to 36 months of age with the signs of functional gastrointestinal disorders were examined; 45 of them were randomized to participate in the comparative efficacy study of using a combination of 400 IU of cholecalciferol and 108 CFU of viable Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 bacteria and an oily vitamin D solution at a dose of 500 IU for 12 weeks. At the start and the end of the study, the indicators of calcium and phosphorus metabolism (25(OH)D, total and ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase) and the serum levels of total IgE were determined in all children, and the dynamics of the functional status of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed. Results. At baseline, the median serum concentration of 25(OH)D in children was 30.3 ng/mL (23.2–41.2); this indicator exceeded 30 ng/mL only in 53.3±7.4% (24/45) of cases. The use of a combination of vitamin D3 with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 made it possible to reach a statistical difference in the median concentration of 25(OH)D after 12 weeks of use compared to the same indicator at baseline: 37.4 ng/mL (30.2–52.3) versus 28.3 ng/mL (20.8–42.9), p=0.000. The level of 25(OH)D in all these children exceeded 20 ng/mL; the concentration level of 25(OH)D exceeded 30 ng/mL in 75.0±8.8% (18/24) of these. The use of 400 IU of vitamin D supplements in combination with L. reuteri for 12 weeks made it possible to reduce the median concentration of total IgE by almost half — from 64.1 IU/mL (9.2–120.0) to 31.9 IU/mL (6.4–143.6) but with significant individual variability of data. The use of vitamin D supplements in combination with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 had a positive effect on the functional activity of the gastrointestinal tract in young children and significantly reduced the frequency of parents’ complaints of stool retention and anxiety during defecation in their children. Conclusions. The use of vitamin D3 supplements at a dose of 400 IU in combination with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 has a positive effect on the functional status of the gastrointestinal tract in young children and increases the serum level of 25(OH)D. The effects of vitamin D in combination with L. reuteri in children with a burdened history of allergies require further study. Key words: vitamin D; Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938; young children; supplementation.

Status of water-soluble vitamins and neurological disorders in dialysis patients

The deficit of vitamins in patients receiving the long-term hemodialysis is discussed in the modern literature. Vitamin deficiency in a dialysis patient can be explained by the peculiarity of the diet recommendations, the need to take a number of medications, impaired absorption of vitamins in the digestive tract, poor appetite, uremic anorexia, depression, limited ability to buy and cook food, as well as losses of vitamins during the procedure of program hemodialysis. An analytical review of current (2011 and later) publications containing a comprehensive analysis of data on the status of water-soluble vitamins and its role in the development of neurological disorders in dialysis patients is provided. There is a high risk of deficiency of various water soluble vitamins and neurological disorders, such as vitamin B1 deficiency and thiamine deficiency encephalopathy and polyneuropathy, vitamin B6 deficiency and pyridoxine deficiency polyneuropathy, folic acid metabolism disorders, as well as vitamin B12 and the development of hyperhomocysteinemia, cognitive and depressive disorders, strokes, restless legs syndrome and dialysis polyneuropathy among the patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease and program hemodialysis. Vitamin C deficiency and the development of severe asthenic syndrome with insomnia and depression are described in dialysis patients. It seems necessary to revise the traditional nutritional approaches to the dialysis patients based on the analysis of the literature. Special attention is paid to the possible addition of such water-soluble vitamins as B1, B6, B9, B12 and C. Timely diagnosis of vitamin deficiency conditions and neurological disorders in patients on program hemodialysis, the development of methods for their correction and their introduction into clinical practice would improve the life expectancy and quality of life of dialysis patients.

The curious fate of bone following bariatric surgery: bone effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in mice.

Bone loss and increased fracture risk following bariatric surgery has been reported. We investigated whether the two most commonly performed surgeries, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), lead to bone loss. In addition, we examined whether fortification of the diet with calcium citrate prevents bone loss. We used mouse models for SG and RYGB and compared bone loss with a group of sham mice with similar weight loss. All groups were switched at the time of surgery to a low-fat diet (LFD). We also examined whether fortification of the diet with calcium citrate and vitamin D was able to prevent bone loss. At 2 weeks we observed no major bone effects. However, at 8 weeks, both trabecular and cortical bone were lost to the same extent after SG and RYGB, despite increased calcium absorption and adequate serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Diet fortification with calcium citrate and vitamin D was able to partially prevent bone loss. Both SG and RYGB lead to excess bone loss, despite intestinal adaptations to increase calcium absorption. Fortifying the diet with calcium citrate and vitamin D partly prevented the observed bone loss. This finding emphasizes the importance of nutritional support strategies after bariatric surgery, but also affirms that the exact mechanisms leading to bone loss after bariatric surgery remain elusive and thus warrant further research.

VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY IN FOUR MAJOR HOSPITALS OF PUNJAB

VITAMIN D INSUFFICIENCY IN FOUR MAJOR HOSPITALS OF PUNJAB

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND UTERINE PROLAPSE

Aim: Pelvic organ prolapse, the hernniation of the pelvic organs or beyond the vaginal walls. Vitamin D deficiency appears to be cause for pelvic muscle weakness. The aim of this study is to investigate the lack of vitamin D in patients with uterine prolapse.Methods: The records of patients were evaluated retrospectively in peri- and postmenopausal age group who were diagnosed with ICS stage 3-4 uterine prolapse based on vaginal examination and operated between February 2015-2016 in Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital Gyneology and Obstetrics clinic. The files of 40 patients with ICS stage 0 in the peri- and postmenopausal period, whose 25 (OH) vitamin D were measured at the same time with the patient group and who underwent surgery due to any gynecologic indication, were evaluated as control group. Women were excluded if they had any medical conditions known to impair absorption or metabolism of vitamin D, or to be a major cause of fecal incontinence including Stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, gastric bypass, colovaginal fistula, and pelvic irradiation.Results: 40 patients’ and 40 control cases’ data who met the study criteria were recorded. The patient group had a lower level of 25 (OH) vitamin D (9,5 ± 14,0 ng/ml) than the control group (15,3 ± 20,3 ng/ml). Furthermore, 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency (25 [OH] vitamin D level &amp;lt;20 ng/mL) was found in 95,0% of the patient group and 77,5% of the control group (p=0,024). A 25 (OH) vitamin D level of &amp;lt;20 ng/mL was found to be the independent risk factor for uterine prolapse (OR=5,8, 95% CI=1,0 – 33,3). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor in the development of uterine prolapse.

Characteristics of calcium and phosphorous metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery and the role of vitamin d supplementation in the prevention and treatment of postoperative bone and mineral disorders

This article provides a review of current literature on the effect of various doses of vitamin D on the parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery.&#x0D; The decrease of bone mineral density is one of the most frequent complications of the bariatric surgery, which increases the risk of fractures. There are many different mechanisms for impaired mineral metabolism after bariatric surgery, but a decrease in the absorption of calcium and vitamin D plays a key role in this process. Vitamin D is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium homeostasis in the body, which provides the absorption of 90% of calcium in the gut. Patients with morbid obesity have a high risk of vitamin D deficiency even before surgery, which may worsen after operation and in the absence of timely treatment lead to severe disturbances of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.&#x0D; It was found that high doses of vitamin D after bariatric surgery can improve parameters of bone metabolism, and, as a result, prevent fractures after surgery, which generally has a beneficial effect on the quality of life and labor prognosis. The results of the studies available to date open up new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications associated with impaired bone metabolism.

Bioequivalence Pilot Study of Two Multivitamin Formulations in Healthy Adults

Abstract Objectives Bioequivalence of vitamins (vit) E, B12 and folate in a single oral dose multivitamin (MVI) gummies vs. tablets Methods This crossover clinical trial involved healthy adults randomized to either gummy or tablet MVI containing vitE, B12 and folate as a single dose in Phase 1 with serial blood samples obtained to measure vitE, B12 and folate at baseline 0, 0.5-, 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 24-, and 48-hrs followed by a 2-wk washout period. In Phase 2, participants then crossed over to receive MVI in the form not previously given, with blood sampling at same timepoints. Time course of absorption of gummy vs. tablet form was compared: Cmax and Area Under the Curve (AUC) calculated for each subject for vitamins at specific time intervals based on known t½. Data analyzed using SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC). Results Six healthy subjects completed the study. For vitE, there were no differences in AUC geometric mean ratios (GMR), log AUC GMR, or Cmax compared as GMR, log GMR or for Tmax GMR for gummy vs. tablet. For vitB12, no statistical differences on any of metrics with Cmax and Tmax GMR similar between gummy vs. tablet. For folate, there were significant differences in time course of absorption: folate absorption peaked earlier in gummy group (Tmax 1.59 hrs) vs. tablet group (Tmax 4.08 hrs), shifting mean values in the gummy group to earlier timepoints, with higher mean values at mid timepoints in tablet group. Shorter Tmax in gummy group suggested a difference in bioavailability in that preparation when compared to tablet. For folate, geometric and log AUC GMR, incremental AUC ratios, and Cmax measures showed no statistically significant differences in the gummy vs. tablet groups. Conclusions Overall, under the conditions of this pilot study, both gummy and tablet showed similar absorption of vitamins E and B12. The time course of absorption of folate differed significantly between gummy vs. tablet formulation, with more rapid absorption with the gummy form. Cmax for gummy vs. tablet were similar for the 3 vitamins. A definitive study is planned with a larger sample size powered to verify these preliminary results. Funding Sources Church &amp; Dwight Co., Inc.

Proteomic and metabolomic characterization of cardiac tissue in acute myocardial ischemia injury rats.

The pathological process and mechanism of myocardial ischemia (MI) is very complicated, and remains unclear. An integrated proteomic-metabolomics analysis was applied to comprehensively understand the pathological changes and mechanism of MI. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a mock surgery (MS) group and an MI group. The MI model was made by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, twenty-four hours after which, echocardiography was employed to assess left ventricular (LV) function variables. Blood samples and left ventricular tissues were collected for ELISA, metabolomics and proteomics analysis. The results showed that LV function, including ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), was significantly reduced and the level of cTnT in the serum increased after MI. iTRAQ proteomics showed that a total of 169 proteins were altered including 52 and 117 proteins with increased and decreased expression, respectively, which were mainly involved in the following activities: complement and coagulation cascades, tight junction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, MAPK signaling pathway, endocytosis, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, as well as phagosome coupled with vitamin digestion and absorption. Altered metabolomic profiling of this transition was mostly enriched in pathways including ABC transporters, glycerophospholipid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. The integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis indicated that myocardial injury after MI is closely related to several metabolic pathways, especially energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, vascular smooth muscle contraction, gap junction and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. These findings may contribute to understanding the mechanism of MI and have implication for new therapeutic targets.

Evaluating a potential role for community pharmacists in post-bariatric patient nutritional support.

Physiological changes to the body from bariatric surgery necessitate lifelong vitamin and mineral supplementation to prevent potential nutritional deficiencies. Presently, there is no consensus on appropriate long-term follow-up in community settings for people who have undergone bariatric surgery. Current UK guidelines recommend annual monitoring of nutritional status, but little else. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of a high volume bariatric surgical unit and community pharmacists working in a variety of settings and locations. Data were collected between June and August 2018 and analysed using a thematic analytic framework. Twenty-five participants were recruited. Bariatric staff (n = 9) reported negligible interaction with community pharmacists but felt establishing communication and developing a potential pathway to collaborate, would provide additional support and potentially improved levels of patient compliance. Community pharmacists (n = 16) reported poor knowledge of bariatric surgery, indicating they were unable to routinely identify people who had bariatric surgery, but understood issues with absorption of vitamins. There is evident potential to involve community pharmacists in post-bariatric patient care pathways. Pharmacists possess knowledge of absorption and metabolism of supplements which could be used to actively support people who have had bariatric surgery in their changed physiological status. Education ought to focus on the functional impact of bariatric surgical procedures and interventions and the consequent nutritional recommendations required. Communication between bariatric units and community pharmacies is needed to construct a clear and formalized infrastructure of support, with remuneration for pharmacy specialist expertise agreed to ensure both financial viability and sustainability.

MTORC1 is required for the lipidation and ER‐to‐Golgi transport of prechylomicrons in Caco‐2 cells

Dietary fats are efficiently digested and absorbed by enterocytes, assembled into triacylglycerol‐rich chylomicrons and finally secreted in a multistep process. The role of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) in the fate of absorbed lipids, their intracellular trafficking, triacylglycerol packaging in chylomicrons by enterocytes has not been previously studied. On the basis of our previous work in hepatocytes showing that mTORC1 positively regulate VLDL production, we hypothesized that intestinal mTORC1 supports the production and secretion of chylomicrons. Lentivirus mediated shRNA technology was used to knockdown (&gt;90% down) mTORC1 signaling‐associated proteins, Raptor and TSC2, to create three Caco‐2 cell lines that exhibit basal (shScramble cells), low (shRaptor cells) or high (shTSC2 cells) mTORC1 activity. Chylomicron production was primed with the addition of 1.2 mM oleate/1.5% BSA complex to the apical side of ThinCert™ cell culture inserts. We found that knocking down Raptor disrupts triacylglycerol synthesis and chylomicron assembly. Knockdown of Raptor decreased the mRNA levels of APOB (−87%), MTTP (−94%), FASN (−76%), DGAT1 (−77%) and DGAT2 (−81%) compared with control shScramble cells. The cellular protein abundance of apoB (−89%), MTTP (−63%) and FASN (−80%), and the secretion of apoB100 (−51%), apoB48 (−66%) and triacylglycerols (−69%) were decreased compared with control shScramble cells. Rapamycin (a mTORC1 inhibitor) lowered the secretion of apoB100 and apoB48 in shScramble cells by 47% and 75%, respectively. Knockdown of Raptor decreased the gene expression of prechylomicron transport vesicle‐associated proteins VAMP7 (vesicle‐associated membrane protein 7) and SAR1B (secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1B) by 85% and 70%, respectively, compared with shScramble cells, suggesting that prechylomicron trafficking from the ER to the Golgi was repressed in the absence of Raptor. In conclusion, our studies revealed the critical role of mTORC1 in chylomicron metabolism. These findings have broad implications for the absorption of essential fatty acids and lipid‐soluble vitamins, for chylomicron retention disease, chylomicron overproduction and associated hypertriglyceridemia.Support or Funding InformationUSDA Hatch Act, USDA‐NIFA

Identification of key long non-coding RNAs in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The present study aims to identify key long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their potential roles in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. The lncRNA and mRNA expression profile between gastric adenocarcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between gastric adenocarcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues were identified after bioinformatics analysis. DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression network and DElncRNA-nearby DEmRNA interaction network were constructed, respectively. Functional annotation for DEmRNAs interacted with DElncRNAs was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of selected DElncRNAs was conducted. Based on TCGA, the mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles of 375 gastric adenocarcinoma and 32 adjacent non-tumor tissues were downloaded. A total of 1502 DEmRNAs and 928 DElncRNAs between gastric adenocarcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues were identified. HOXC-AS3 might involve with gastric adenocarcinoma by regulating a set of HOX genes (HOXC8, HOXC9, HOXC10, HOXC11, HOXC12 and HOXC13) with cis-effect. AC115619.1-APOA4/APOB and AP006216.2-APOA1/APOA4 integrations might play roles in gastric adenocarcinoma through regulating pathways of Fat digestion and absorption and Vitamin digestion and absorption. Six lncRNAs including (HOTAIR, C20orf166-AS1, PGM5-AS1, HOXC-AS3, HOXC-AS2 and AC012531.1) have excellent diagnostic value for gastric adenocarcinoma. This study identifies key lncRNAs in gastric adenocarcinoma which provides clues for exploring the pathogenesis and developing potential biomarkers for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practice towards Vitamin D among university students in Pakistan

BackgroundPakistan has one of the highest reported incidence of vitamin D deficiency in studies conducted worldwide. However, there has been very limited exploration of vitamin D related knowledge, attitudes and practices among healthy youth in Pakistan.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among youth (aged > 16 years) from two engineering universities in Pakistan. Participants were asked questions on their concern about vitamin D levels, testing, and supplementation practices. Knowledge was examined using questions about food sources, health benefits and factors affecting vitamin D production within the human body. Of the 900 eligible students invited to participate, 505 (56%) completed the questionnaire and were included in the analysis.ResultsOnly 9% participants were able to identify the correct food sources of vitamin D, 33% were aware of the bone health benefits (bone health and calcium absorption) of vitamin D and 36% identified sunlight exposure as a factor influencing vitamin D production. Knowledge about food sources and health benefits of vitamin D was not associated with gender and individuals concern about their levels. Those tested and taking supplements were more likely to identify bone related health benefits and factors affecting vitamin D production. Forty percent male and 52% female students expressed concern that their vitamin D levels were too low. However, 72% participants reported that they had never been tested for vitamin D levels. Use of supplements was significantly higher among female students (F = 52% vs M = 37%; P = 0.003). Those who had been tested for vitamin D deficiency were more likely to take supplements.ConclusionDespite being identified as a high-risk population, knowledge about vitamin D was limited among university students. Interventions are needed to increase awareness about the importance of vitamin D for health, including the need for exposure to sunlight and adequate dietary intake of vitamin D. Our study provides much needed baseline evidence for making health-policy recommendations for this vulnerable population group.

Role of Complementary and Alternative Therapies to Reduce Morbidity in Oestrogen Deficiency Associated Osteoporosis: A Review

Objective: To review and analyze the clinical studies performed on the role of complementary and alternative medicine, individually or combined, in reducing morbidity in estrogen deficiency associated osteoporosis. The morbidity is assessed in terms of the frequency of fractures, improvement in bone marrow density (BMD) and change in bone turnover parameters. Background: with increasing age, there is a decreased absorption and storage of vitamin D and calcium, which are essential for maintaining bone health. This condition is further worsened estrogen deficiency, as well as in postmenopausal women. When faced with such a scenario, the body resorbs calcium from the bones to overcome the loss, and causes subsequent weakening of the bones and thus, increased susceptibility to frequent fractures and decreases in bone density. Search methods: The study is based on review of clinical studies sourced from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Database, and Journals specific to studies related to yoga, Ayurveda and naturopathy, with correlation to Ayurveda &amp; Modern text. Result: 16 out of the 17 research articles that have been reviewed showed that yoga, Ayurveda and naturopathy have a positive effect on BMD, bone growth and preserving the bone architecture.

Decrease in Efficacy of Warfarin as a Result of Drug-Drug Interaction (Case Report)

The one of the main aims in modern clinical pharmacology is to provide safe and effective therapy considering a frequent administration of several drugs having different drug-drug interactions. Warfarin belongs to the number of popular anticoagulants which along with its efficiency not infrequently alters anticoagulant characteristics when administered with other drugs and food products. A case of a decrease in the efficacy of warfarin in a patient with mitral stenosis while taking a combined choleretic drug is presented in the article. The components of this choleretic drug (dry animal bile, dry garlic extract, dry nettle extract, activated charcoal) could impair the absorption of warfarin, increase intestinal absorption of vitamin K, and have a negative effect on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Management of patients receiving anticoagulants should be performed in accordance with clinical recommendations. Prescription of drugs, including multicomponent ones, without proven efficacy, for such patients should be considering the potential drug interaction.

Changes in nutrient absorption in children and adolescents caused by fructans, especially fructooligosaccharides and inulin

IntroductionFructans, such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), have several effects on human health owing to their prebiotic character, including anti-microbial and anti-cancer effects, and to their influence on the absorption of minerals, which is very important in childhood and adolescence. ObjectiveOur aim was to review the role of some fructans in the absorption of vitamins and minerals in children and adolescents. MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the absorption of nutrients with fructans. We collected quantitative data for our thematic analysis, which was performed using the electronic databases Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 2000 and January 2019. This review comprises a total of 10 articles. ResultsFew studies were found regarding the use of prebiotics and nutrient absorption in children. Studies on calcium, iron, magnesium, and vitamin D were the most prevalent. Some studies reported that FOS appears to increase calcium uptake in the gut and stimulates the growth of bifidobacterium in the colon, reducing iron intake by enteric pathogens, and increasing the absorption of these minerals. Others reported an improvement in the absorption of vitamin D and E with inulin. ConclusionConsumption of fructans improves the health of the microbiota, altering the absorption of some nutrients.

Effects of bile acids and their related nuclear receptors on intestinal mucosal barrier

Bile acids are the end product of cholesterol metabolism, which is the main component of bile. Bile acids can not only promote the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins but also be used as the important signal molecules to activate nuclear receptors. It regulates metabolism of bile acids and intestinal homeostasis. The bile acids’ effect on intestinal mucosal barrier function has been controversial until now. Bile acids is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic simultaneously. Hydrophilic bile acid can promote cell proli-feration, while hydrophobic bile acid can promote cell apoptosis. The stronger the hydrophobicity is, the greater the cellular damage effect will be. The activation of nuclear receptor by bile acids can protect intestinal mucosal barrier. New research progress of the bile acid regulation in intestinal mucosal barrier function is reviewed in this article. Key words: Bile acids and salt; Intestinal mucosal barrier; Nuclear receptors

TMT-based proteomics analysis of the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect of combined dihydroartemisinin and sorafenib

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the major primary liver cancer, is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases with a high mortality rate worldwide. Prior studies have demonstrated that dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, possesses anti−HCC activity. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib has been approved for the treatment of HCC. However, the anti−HCC efficacy of DHA combined with sorafenib has not been reported. In this study, we confirmed the significantly enhanced anti−HCC efficacy of DHA in combination with sorafenib compared with that of each agent alone. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS was used to quantify the proteins from the control, DHA, sorafenib, and DHA + sorafenib groups. In total, 532, 426, 628 differentially expressed proteins (fold change >1.20 or <0.83 and P-value <0.05) were determined by comparing DHA versus control, sorafenib versus control and DHA + sorafenib versus control groups, respectively. Moreover, optimized screening was performed, and 101 optimized differentially expressed proteins were identified. The results of functional analysis of the optimized differentially expressed proteins suggested that they were enriched in cell components such as membrane-bound vesicles, extracellular vesicles, and organelle lumens, and they were mainly involved in biological processes such as cellular component organization, response to stress, and response to chemicals; in addition, they were related to various molecular functions such as protein binding, chromatin binding and enzyme binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the optimized differentially expressed proteins were enriched in pyrimidine metabolism, RNA polymerase, base excision repair, and osteoclast differentiation. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of some of the optimized upregulated proteins suggested that they might not only affect vitamin and fat digestion and absorption but may also be involved in tight junctions. In the PPI network, some of the optimized downregulated proteins were enriched in base excision repair, RNA polymerase, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis. Overall, this research explored the anti−HCC efficacy of DHA combined with sorafenib by using the TMT-based quantitative proteomics technique and might facilitate the understanding of the related anti−HCC molecular mechanism.