Absorber Plate Research Articles

Feasibility of 2-Point Fixation by Absorbable Plates Using the Transoral Approach in Management of the Zygomatic Complex Fractures.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility of 2-point fixation using absorbable plates by the transoral approach in the management of the zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures. Twenty-five patients (15 male and 10 female, age range 16y to 55y) with Knight and North Group Ⅲ zygomatic fractures were included in this case series. Open reduction by intraoral approach was performed on these patients, and the fractures were fixed using absorbable plates placed at the zygomaticomaxillary buttress and infraorbital rim. Postoperatively, follow-up was undertaken to evaluate the fracture healing, mouth opening, facial asymmetry, diplopia, and paresthesia. Postoperatively, all patients achieved uneventful healing; facial symmetry and wound healing were achieved, along with sensory recovery involving the infraorbital nerve. Complications such as sensory disturbances, infection, diplopia, malunion, and nonunion were not encountered in these patients. Two-point fixation using absorbable plates by transoral approach can provide sufficient stabilization for Knight and North Group III zygomatic fractures.

Performance enhancement of nanofluid-based photovoltaic/thermal system with a novel finned multi-block container of phase change material in the summer season of northern India

This study describes the outdoor experiments conducted on a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system during the summer months of May and June in the year 2023, in northern India. The main goal of this paper is to reduce the temperature of a photovoltaic (PV) module for effective thermal regulation by implementing a hybrid cooling strategy in a PV/T system. This is achieved by integrating two techniques: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-water nanofluid as the working fluid for active cooling and paraffin wax as the phase change material (PCM) for passive cooling. Therefore, the present study aims to design, fabricate, and test an innovative thermal collector with a multi-block finned absorber plate positioned beneath the PV module to promote uniform heat transfer distribution and mitigate temperature stratification within each PCM block. The proposed PV/T-PCM system's performance is assessed from energetic, exergetic, economic, and environmental standpoints compared to the PV/T system and conventional PV module. The present study also examines the impact of different concentrations (0.1–0.2 %) of MWCNT and volumetric flow rates (0.5–1.5 l/min) of both water and nanofluids as heat transfer fluids. It is shown that a desirable flow rate of 1.5 l/min yields the most favorable outcomes. The PV/T-PCM (0.2 %) system has been found to exhibit the highest levels of energetic and exergetic electrical and thermal efficiencies, with reported values of 13.25 %, 65 %, 12.81 %, and 1.66 %, respectively. The economic assessment demonstrates that the proposed PV/T-PCM system, integrating water and nanofluid, results in cost savings of 17.41 % and 19.63 % compared to a traditional uncooled PV system. In the context of environmental sustainability, the highest net CO2 mitigation is estimated to be 18.01 tons for the nanofluid-based PV/T-PCM system. Thus, the results confirm that the proposed PV/T-PCM (0.2 %) system, incorporating a hybrid cooling technique, achieves optimal performance.

Investigation of Thermal Similarity and Performances of Solar Thermal Air Collector with Heat-Soaked Vehicle Cabin

This article explores the potential of vehicle interiors, which can reach temperatures of up to 120°C due to solar exposure, as efficient solar collectors. Comparative studies have been conducted on the thermal behavior of heat-soaked vehicle cabins and dedicated solar collectors, highlighting their potential benefits in heating, cooling and ventilation. Thermal soak tests reveal a remarkable similarity in thermal performance between the two, with minor temperature variations of up to 5.3°C between the equivalent components. These temperature deviations are mainly due to differences in absorptivity characteristics, in which the black absorber plate exhibits superior absorption capabilities compared to the grey interior cabin surfaces. Integration of ambient air through the inlets on the cabin floor helps with initial cooling of the hot soaked cabin. The collector benefits from a preheated air mixture (comprising heat-soaked cabin air and ambient air), which improves its operating temperatures. This characteristic is attributed to the synergistic integration of the two systems. By decoupling these systems and aligning the properties of the absorber plate, the cabin and the collector could become thermally identical. The potential of the heated vehicle cabin as a power generation source is underscored, which presents opportunities to supplement the energy demand in remote locations. This study illuminates the untapped potential of vehicular solar heat capture, highlighting its feasibility, diverse applications, and significant implications for sustainable energy strategies and community development.

Experimental investigation and performance prediction of SAH using different arc rib roughness geometries – A comparative study

This study aims to investigate and compare the thermal performance of a solar air heater using a passive technique to enhance heat transfer between the absorber plate and the flowing fluid. The technique involves generating turbulence near the heat transferring surface through the use of artificial rib roughness. The study focuses on two different novel roughness geome-tries: full symmetrical arc rib roughness and half symmetrical arc rib roughness. By introducing additional gaps and varying the number of gaps in the roughness geometries, the study examines their effects on the solar air heaters thermal performance. The artificially roughened surface creates different turbulent zones, which are essential to the development of different types of turbulence in the vicinity of the heat transferring surface. The study finds that an optimal escalation in Nusselt number and friction factor by 2.36 and 3.45 times, respectively, occurs at certain gap numbers as 6 and ng as 5 for full symmetrical arc rib roughness. The maximum thermal-hydraulic performance parameter of 1.66 is attained at a Reynolds number of 6 000. The study also conducts correlation, mathematical modeling, and performance prediction under different operating circumstances.

Thermal performance analysis of corrugated plate solar air heater integrated with vortex generator

This research investigates the impact of vortex generators integrated with a corrugated absorber plate of solar air heater on the enhancement of heat transfer and thermal-hydraulic performance utilizing a 3D numerical model for Reynolds numbers varying from 7,000 to 25,000. Three different types of vortex generators (rectangular, trapezoidal, and delta) are investigated separately. Vortex generators in two pairs with various angles of attack of 15º, 30º, 45º, and 60º are mounted on the entrance section's upper wall of the domain of computation. The current numerical models are validated by comparisons with experimentally published data. The velocity vectors, turbulent kinetic energy, friction factor, Nusselt number, and thermal-hydraulic performance parameters are examined for the considered current cases considered. The numerical results demonstrate a significant impact of vortex generators on friction loss and transmission of heat. The values of thermal-hydraulic performance for utilizing a corrugated absorber plate integrated with vortex generators are found to be considerably higher than those for using a corrugated absorber plate alone. The highest value of the thermal-hydraulic performance parameter is 0.91 in the case of rectangular vortex generators at Re of 7000 and an angle of attack of 30º.

Experimental and economic evaluation on the performance improvement of a solar photovoltaic thermal system with skeleton-shaped fins

At elevated ambient temperatures, the production and efficiency of solar panels are degraded due to the overheating of the cells. Cooling photovoltaic cells at elevated ambient temperatures can prevent overheating, extend their life, and enhance overall efficiency, particularly in areas exposed to strong sunlight and elevated temperatures. In this study, an attempt was made experimentally to increase the performance of solar photovoltaic thermal systems with a novel cooling technique. The proposed system has an absorber plate coupled with novel skeleton-shaped fins used to create double-pass ambient air channels below the solar module for natural heat dissipation. Performance of the proposed photovoltaic thermal system with skeleton-shaped fins was designed, evaluated, and evaluated, under different climatic conditions of the southern Algeria city of Ghardaïa from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm. Theoretical analysis was also developed relying on the energy and exergy balance equations for the system components. An economic analysis is also performed by the life cycle cost analysis to evaluate the feasibility, annual performance, and payback period of the proposed solar system compared with that of the conventional system. Results showed that the proposed photovoltaic thermal generates an average daily production of 2.02 kWh, which is 55.1 % more than the conventional system. The energy and exergy efficiency of the proposed system are higher than the conventional system by 8.61 and 8.98 %, respectively. The levelized costs of energy associated with the proposed system (0.17 $/kWh) is lower than that of the conventional system by 11.76 %. The payback period of the proposed system (6.21 years) is lower than that of the conventional solar systems by 34.7 %. This means that the additional power generation obtained by the proposed system with skeleton-shaped fins was sufficient to offset the total life cycle costs.

Heat transfer and friction factor correlation for rhombus-shaped roughness geometry on the absorber plate of solar air collector

Heat transfer and friction factor correlation for rhombus-shaped roughness geometry on the absorber plate of solar air collector

2D numerical analysis of pentagonal ribbed solar air collector for an indirect solar dryer and the proposal of optimized pitch

The present work aimed to improve the thermo-hydraulic performance of a solar air collector (SAC) by installing pentagonal ribs (as roughness elements) on its absorber surface. Such ribs were not investigated yet hence this study is innovative. A 2D computational analysis was performed using ANSYS Fluent (v 15). The rib roughness height (e) was kept at 10 mm. The Reynolds number, Re (4000–22000), and rib pitch, P (25–200 mm) were the input variables. Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and thermo-hydraulic parameter (pth ) were the output parameters. RNG k-ε model was picked for turbulence. The peak Nu ratio obtained was 2.49 and it proved that pentagonal ribs enhanced the heat transfer characteristics 2.49 times than the smooth plate. Also, a 60–149% improvement in Nu was noticed with corrugated SAC compared to that of smooth SAC. For a given P, The f value decreased with a rise in the Re value. The maximum pth range (1.533–1.828) was obtained at P/e = 2.5 (continuous pitch). Hence, the optimum P is 25 mm (P/e = 2.5). The numerical results of the pentagonal corrugated absorber plate were compared with the existing literature and were found to be acceptable.

Postoperative Intermaxillary Elastic Traction Contributes to the Stability of Absorbable Plates Fixation for Bilateral Mandibular Fracture.

The use of absorbable plates can be challenging for mandibular fractures involving bilateral dentition. Chewing and mouth opening movements may cause loosening or breakage of absorbable materials, leading to displacement of bone segments and resulting in malocclusion. The use of absorbable materials for bilateral mandibular fracture surgery itself raises concerns for surgeons. Timely intermaxillary elastic traction is essential for these patients after surgery to maintain correct occlusion. The surgical approaches were performed with intraoral mandibular sulcus incisions. During the surgery, intermaxillary fixation screws were implanted and steel wires were used for intermaxillary ligation and fixation to restore the occlusal. After the fractured segments were sequentially reduced, they were fixed with inion 2.0 absorbable plates. The patient underwent intermaxillary elastic traction for 1 week. Elastic mask was used to assist in stabilizing the position of the jawbone and maintaining occlusion. After discharge, the patient continued traction at home for 3 weeks before removing the intermaxillary fixation screws. The patient recovered well after surgery without any complications. The postoperative occlusal relationship is good. Postoperative CT showed good reduction of the fractured segments. For the case reported in this article, elastic traction was promptly implemented after surgery. We emphasize that restoring occlusion is always the treatment goal for jawbone fractures. We believe that keeping the intermaxillary fixation screws for a month is a wise choice to be prepared for unexpected needs.

Management of Mandibular Condylar Sagittal Fracture Accompanied by Lateral Condylar Crest Defect.

The sagittal fracture of the mandibular condyle can be fixed with absorbable long screws. Absorbable long screws are generally inserted from the lateral crest of the condyle and are as close as possible to the medial pole of the condyle to obtain sufficient retention force. However, in clinical practice, patients with locally comminuted condylar fractures and partial defects in the lateral crest are often encountered. We validated the use of absorbable plates and long screws to fix mandibular condylar fractures with lateral crest defects, and postoperative follow-up showed good results. The preoperative design indicated that if conventional long screws were used, more soft tissue need to be pulled downward to achieve the appropriate drilling angle. If an absorbable plate was used, the degree of downward pulling of soft tissue was smaller, which can better protect the parotid gland tissue and facial nerve. The surgery was performed according to the preoperative design, using an absorbable plate scheme. Postoperative CT confirmed a stable anatomical reduction of condyle. Four-month follow-up showed that the patient's facial shape, occlusion, and mouth opening were all good. Follow-up CT showed good fracture healing. It is feasible to use absorbable plates and long absorbable screws to fix mandibular condylar sagittal fracture accompanied by lateral condylar crest defect.

Analysis of Solar Water Heater with Modification Absorber Plate Integrated Thermal Storage

In various countries worldwide, solar water heater systems (SWHs) are utilized as devices that harness solar energy as a primary energy source. This study investigates the performance of SWHs numerical simulation by integrating phase change material (PCM) paraffin wax onto an absorber plate collector at the bottom for thermal storage. This study presents the thermal performance of a SWHs that uses an absorber plate with PCM for thermal energy storage. In this test, four variations of the model tested, namely a) standard flat plate (SFP), b) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 10mm (SFP+PCM 10mm), c) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 7mm (SFP+PCM 7mm), and d) standard flat plate with PCM storage thickness 4mm (SFP+PCM 4mm), were investigated using numerical simulation. Initially, an analytical investigation was conducted to examine the material qualities of paraffin wax utilised for phase change material (PCM) storage. The SWH systems were subsequently imported and simulated under three different levels of continuous solar radiation: 400 W/m2 700 W/m2 and 1000 W/m2. The simulation incorporates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The results of the study revealed that the collector of the SWH system, which utilised an absorber plate containing phase change material (PCM) storage, demonstrated exceptional performance. Models with a thickness of 7mm PCM or SFP+PCM 7mm have the highest efficiency compared to other models with an efficiency value of 64%. There is a 3-4% increase in efficiency with variations in models that use PCM thermal storage compared to models that do not use PCM thermal storage.

Effect of coating of waste toner powder weight concentration on absorber plate of solar still

A solar still is a device that uses sun energy to convert brackish or salted water into drinkable water and its distillate output is lower. In addition, it is the primary issue with the solar still; thus, researchers are looking for fresh ideas to raise the distillate output. The primary goal of this study is to examine the effects of mixing different weight concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of toner waste powder (TWP) nanoparticles with black paint on distillate output and energy–exergy efficiency analysis. Two solar stills of similar dimensions have been used in the current study from February to March 2023 at Palanpur, Gujarat, India. Basin water, inner glass surface temperature, distillate output, and intensity of solar radiation are all monitored hourly for solar stills. This research indicates that the application of TWP coating to absorber plates increased the distillate output, and the highest distillate output of 955 ml was achieved at 10 wt. % concentration of nanoparticles, which is 40.03% higher than a conventional solar still (CSS) and 33.38%, 10.40%, and 30.64% higher than 5, 15, and 20 wt. % concentrations of nanoparticles at the same water depth, respectively. In addition, it was discovered that adding TWP to the solar still enhanced energy and exergy efficiency. Based on this research, it can be concluded that TWP is a suitable, inexpensive resource to boost energy and exergy efficiency and distillate output of solar still.

Experimental and meta-heuristic optimization for the highest thermo-hydraulic performance of a solar air heater with a V-notch pattern of hemispherical protrusions on absorber surfaces

Thermo-hydraulic performances of a new solar air heater with single V-notch patterns of hemispherical protrusions on the absorber plate are investigated experimentally for different relative protrusion heights (hp/Dh = 0.027–0.069), relative pitch (pp/hp = 6–14), attack angle (αap = 15°-75°), and Reynolds number (Re =3600–21,700). Three meta-heuristic algorithms, i.e., Ant colony optimization (ACO), Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), and Grass-hopper optimization algorithm (GOA), were used for single and multi-objective optimizations. Experimental results provide the maximum Nusselt number (Nu) as 127.07 at hp/Dh = 0.050, pp/hp = 10, αap = 600, and Re =21,700, whereas the minimum friction factor (f) becomes 0.0165 at hp/Dh = 0.027, pp/hp = 10, αap = 450, and Re =21,700. The highest normalized Nusselt number (Nu/Nus) is found to be 2.56 for hp/Dh = 0.050, pp/hp = 10, αap = 600, and Re =7200, and the maximum normalized friction factor (f/fs) is observed as 4.30 at hp/Dh = 0.050, pp/hp = 10, αap = 450, and Re =7200. The highest thermo-hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) was to be 1.60 at pp/hp = 10, hp/Dh = 0.050, αap = 600, and Re =7200. Empirical correlations were developed. In single objective optimization for Nu, WOA provided the best results. For f, WOA gives a minimum value. The WOA metaheuristic algorithm outperformed the other algorithms.

Enhancing drinkable water production in conical solar distillers: Comparative analysis of magnet fin heights

This paper presents a comparative experimental analysis aimed at improving the production of drinking water from conical solar distillers using magnet fins as a low-cost and efficient storage material. Cylindrical magnet fins with a diameter of 1.6 cm were strategically placed at various heights (2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, and 0.5 cm) with a spacing of 5 cm on the absorber plate to increase the absorption area and heat transfer to the basin water. Three modules were tested under identical conditions over a two-day period with a fixed water depth of 2 cm (corresponding to the maximum magnet fin height). On the first day, the Traditional Conical Solar Distiller (TCSD), the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 2 cm (CSD-MF-2), and the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 1.5 cm (CSD-MF-1.5) were evaluated. On the second day, the TCSD, the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 1 cm (CSD-MF-1), and the Conical Solar Distiller with Magnet Fins at a height of 0.5 cm (CSD-MF-0.5) were tested. The results showed that the daily water yield from the TCSD at a water depth of 2 cm was 5.50 L, whereas the conical solar distillers with magnet fins at heights of 2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, and 0.5 cm produced 7.95 L, 7.30 L, 6.90 L, and 6.40 L, respectively. Consequently, the utilization of magnet fins led to a significant improvement in distiller productivity, with the best configuration being the CSD-MF-2 with a height of 2 cm, resulting in a 44.54 % increase in yield with an average overall efficiency about 42.2 %.

An experimental comparison of thermal energy storage in directly and indirectly radiated adsorbent beds integrated with solar thermal collectors

AbstractAdsorbents heated using solar energy can be used to achieve thermal energy storage and sorption refrigeration with low environmental impacts. This research compares two different methods of heating adsorbents with solar energy to store thermal energy: (1) by exposing the adsorbents to incident light transmitted through a solar collector window, and (2) by heating a highly absorbing solar collector cover, and then transferring the heat from this solar absorber to adsorbents located beneath it. To carry out this comparison experiments are conducted for three cases of adsorbent beds using zeolite 13X and water as the adsorbent‐adsorbate pair. In the first case, the top of the adsorbent bed is a polycarbonate sheet, and the zeolites are heated directly by solar‐simulated light transmitted through this sheet. In the second case, a blackened aluminum sheet is placed beneath the polycarbonate sheet to generate heat by absorbing incident light. For the third case, the blackened aluminum absorber is placed directly on top of the zeolite beads and the absorber is isolated from the walls of the reactor to avoid heat losses. The outcomes reveal an energy storage density (ESD) of 43.6 kWh/m3 (63.4 Wh/kg) when light is directly incident onto the zeolite 13X and an ESD of 33.3 kWh/m3 (48.4 Wh/kg) when light is incident onto a blackened absorber plate that transfers heat to Zeolite beads residing beneath it. However, ESD values were improved to 48.9 kWh/m3 (71.0 Wh/kg) when the blackened absorber plate was thermally insulated from the walls of the adsorbent bed. These results demonstrate the importance of an optimal absorber arrangement in enhancing the adsorption process for the purpose of elevating energy storage densities.

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in a Solar Flat Plate Collector using Nano-Fluids

Solar energy is a source of clean and free energy that has been used by humans in various ways. The recent energy crisis has made countries around the world approach energy issues differently. The heat and light emitted by the sun is called solar energy. Solar energy is the light and heat that is radiated from the sun and can be harnessed using a range of technologies, such as photovoltaic systems and solar thermal energy. One of the most important applications of solar energy is the use of photovoltaic panels to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Solar collectors are used to harness the thermal energy (heat) from solar energy. In this study, the heat exchange by nanofluid in pipes, screw, and absorber plate in the flat plate collector were examined. Nanofluids are fluids that have particles suspended between 1 and 100 nanometers in size in the base fluid. The addition of nanofluids significantly increases heat transfer and thermal conductivity. In this study, silicon carbide nanofluids with percentages of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% in the base fluid (ethylene glycol) were used. The thermal properties, such as Nusselt number, conductive heat transfer coefficient, and transfer rate of the nanofluids were investigated.

Improving thermal efficiency of solar stills: Bioactive nano-PCM and Cramer’s rule analysis

Green-sourced Petroselinum crispum leaf (P) was carefully harvested and underwent extraction processes. This material was then combined with TiO2 nanoparticles (T) into paraffin wax (P) to create the PTP nanocomposite, using an economically viable and environmentally friendly approach, with P serving as a consistent, reducing, and stabilizing element. The synthesized PTP was thoroughly analyzed using Spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, DSC, TGA, and SEM for characterization. The PTP samples were applied in constructing a Single Slope Wick Solar Still (SWS), aiming to induce surface plasmon resonance around 450 nm across the absorber plate. The excitation of PTP at SPR led to the release of significant heat, contributing to temperature increments of the aqueous medium by varying percentages (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %) under different ratios upon exposure to solar radiation at the precise plasmon resonance wavelength. This study introduced the first-time application of Cramer's rule (determinant technique) in solving energy balance equations for temperature components. Evaluation revealed that incorporating 30 % PTP notably enhanced SWS efficiency, achieving an optimal distillate output of 8.70 l/m2day, including 1.95 l/m2 at night, resulting in an efficiency of 42.74 %.

Maxillary bone healing and CT value after Le Fort I osteotomy using absorbable plate system: A retrospective study

This study aimed to evaluate maxillary bone healing and computed tomography (CT) values after Le Fort I osteotomy with sagittal split ramus osteotomy in patients with class II and III malocclusion. Four absorbable plates and screws were used to fix the maxillary segments in all patients. For 112 sides (58 patients), the bone defect areas at the anterior and posterior sites between the maxillary segments were measured using 3-dimensional CT views reconstructed over a constant CT value at 1 week and 1 year postoperatively. Subsequently, CT values at the upper, middle, and lower sites around the osteotomy line in the medial, middle, and lateral regions were measured. The bone defect area after 1 year increased at the anterior site in class III and at both the anterior and posterior sites in class II (P < 0.05). This study suggests that the increase in bone defect area was affected by lower CT values at the middle site of the middle and lateral regions in class II, and that bony defects between fragments in the maxilla could partially remain in both classes II and III within 1 year after Le Fort I osteotomy.

Unsteady Multiphase Simulation of Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorber Flow

The internal flow in oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers is a complex multiphysics problem combining the interaction between highly unsteady turbulent flow and multiphase mixing, among other effects. The aim is to present a validated simulation methodology that facilitates shock absorber performance prediction by capturing the dominant internal flow physics. This is achieved by simulating a drop test of approximately 1 tonne with an initial contact vertical speed of 2.7 m/s, corresponding to a light jet. The flow field solver is ANSYS Fluent, using an unsteady two-dimensional axisymmetric multiphase setup with a time-varying inlet velocity boundary condition corresponding to the stroke rate of the shock absorber piston. The stroke rate is calculated using a two-equation dynamic system model of the shock absorber under the applied loading. The simulation is validated against experimental measurements of the total force on the shock absorber during the stroke, in addition to standard physical checks. The flow field analysis focuses on multiphase mixing and its influence on the turbulent free shear layer and recirculating flow. A mixing index approach is suggested to facilitate systematically quantifying the mixing process and identifying the distinct stages of the interaction. It is found that gas–oil interaction has a significant impact on the flow development in the shock absorber’s upper chamber, where strong mixing leads to a periodic stream of small gas bubbles being fed into the jet’s shear layer from larger bubbles in recirculation zones, most notably in the corner between the orifice plate and outer shock absorber wall.

Thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air heater with built-in one-eighth sphere vortex generators

The primary objective of optimizing solar air heaters is to enhance their thermal efficiency, and the incorporation of perturbing elements into the absorber plate has proven to be an effective approach. The present study employed an electric heating plate to simulate solar heating and proposed a novel one-eighth sphere vortex generator to create strong longitudinal vortices and weak transverse vortices, thereby achieving enhanced overall performance. The experimental investigation focused on examining the impact of parameters, including deflection angle (α), relative transverse pitch (S/H), relative longitudinal pitch (L/H), relative height (e/H), and Reynolds number (Re), on both heat transfer and flow characteristics. The results show that new vortex generator performs best at deflection angles of 180°. The maximum thermo-hydraulic performance parameter of 2.03 was observed in this study. Additionally, it was found that the maximum Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) were 2.45 and 1.96 times higher than those obtained for a smooth duct, respectively. New correlations of Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) were developed to predict the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of solar air heater with built-in one-eighth sphere vortex generators. This study proposes a new idea to enhance the performance of solar air heaters.